聚苯胺/聚四氟乙烯导电复合膜的电化学制备和表征分析

在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜上电化学制备硫酸和磺基水杨酸(SSA)共掺杂的导电聚苯胺(PANI)复合膜,采用四因素三水平的正交设计法优化工艺条件,并在其上继续沉积银,研究了沉积银电流密度和时间及拉伸对复合膜电导率的影响。采用拉曼光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对复合膜进行了表征。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下制备的PTFE-PANI复合膜电导率可达36.9S/cm,此复合膜经20mA/cm2沉积4min的银可使其电导率显著提高到5379S/cm。对最优条件制备的PANI-PTFE和PANI-PTFE-Ag复合膜进行适当程度的拉伸均可提高其电导率,PT-FE系列复合膜展现出较优异的力学性能。拉曼光谱表明PTFE、PANI和银复合良好。复合膜有一定的结晶度,经拉伸后复合膜结晶度增大,电导率显著提高;PANI在PTFE上呈颗粒状生长,颗粒尺寸均匀,直径约为200nm,Ag呈树枝状镶嵌、覆盖在PANI颗粒间,与PANI复合很好并形成三维导电网络。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合膜的性能研究

采用聚乙烯醇为基质材料制备了聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇(PANI/PVA)复合膜,讨论了PANI与PVA质量比、膜干燥温度对复合膜性能的影响,并对PVA膜、HCl掺杂PANI膜以及PANI/PVA复合膜的拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率、电导率以及热稳定性作了比较。结果表明:PVA膜的拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率最强,但是电导率最小;PANI/PVA复合膜电导率最大,其拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率比未加PVA的HCl掺杂PANI膜都得到了大大提高。在180℃之前,PVA膜最稳定,HCl掺杂PANI膜稳定性最差;在260℃之后,HCl掺杂PANI膜最稳定,PVA膜稳定性最差。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维的制备与表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为表面活性剂和掺杂剂,通过乳液聚合的方法制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇(PANI/PVA)复合乳液用于静电纺丝,制备出超细复合纤维毡,通过SEM、XRD和力学测试表征PANI/PVA超细复合纤维毡的外观形貌、纤维直径、结晶度及其力学性能。结果表明:有机磺酸掺杂后的聚苯胺导电性能达到1.28S/cm;1459cm-1处醌环和苯环上的C=C伸缩振荡峰和1697cm-1处醌环上C=N伸缩振荡峰的聚苯胺特征峰明显;YG006型电子单纤维强力机的测试发现,PANI/PVA纤维集合体的面密度对其力学性能的影响显著;当纺丝工艺条件设定为接收距离18cm、电压24kV时,PANI/PVA纤维直径达到600nm,直径分布小于150nm,PANI微颗粒分散于PVA纤维基体表面。     

原位聚合 ( PSS/ PANI) n复合膜的静电层2层自组装

基于静电相互作用 , 从苯胺单体出发原位聚合、现场掺杂、层2层自组装制备多层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠( PSS) /聚苯胺 ( PANI) 复合膜。为了明确控制 PSS/ PANI复合膜纳米结构的因素 , 以紫外2可见 (UV2Vis) 光谱跟踪 PSS/ PANI复合膜的成膜过程 , 系统地研究了基片性质、 氧化剂用量及沉积时间等溶液因素对单个双层复合膜纳米结构的影响 , 得到了制备单个双层复合膜的较优条件。在此基础上变换苯胺单体浓度 , 制备了不同纳米结构的多层复合膜 ( PSS/ PANI) n, 并用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 、 扫描电镜 (SEM) 及椭偏仪等对该多层复合薄膜的形貌结构进行了表征。结果表明 , 通过控制沉积条件 , 每双层复合膜的厚度可控制在 40～100 nm , 电导率可达- 12. 675 mS·cm , 并且可制备增长均匀的 8 个双层的 ( PSS/ PANI) 8复合膜。热失重分析 ( TGA) 表明 , ( PSS/ PANI) n多层复合膜的热稳定性优于普通 PSS/ PANI复合膜。     

聚苯胺/醋酸丁酸纤维素导电复合膜制备研究

以机械活化固相法制备的醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)为基底,充分溶解后与苯胺均匀混合,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,盐酸为掺杂剂,采用原位聚合法制得聚苯胺(PANI)/CAB(PANI/CAB)导电复合膜。探讨苯胺加入量、过硫酸铵与苯胺摩尔配合比、盐酸浓度以及反应时间对导电复合膜导电性能的影响,研究结果表明:CAB用量0.5g,苯胺单体加入量1.25g,过硫酸铵与苯胺摩尔配合比为1∶1,盐酸浓度1.5mol/L,反应时间11h条件下,制得的PANI/CAB导电复合膜的导电性最好,电导率达到0.255S/cm。     

聚乙烯醇/[Nbmd]OH碱性复合阴离子膜的制备及性能

以吗啡啉与溴代十二烷为原料,合成新型[Nbmd]OH碱性双核离子液体,并将[Nbmd]OH引入聚乙烯醇(PVA)的铸膜液中,通过浇铸法制备了掺杂碱性离子液体的复合阴离子膜PVA/[Nbmd]OH。采用热重分析及扫描电镜对所制备的复合阴离子膜的热稳定性及形貌进行表征。同时考察了离子液体含量对PVA/[Nbmd]OH复合膜的含水率、溶胀性能、力学性能及电导率的影响。结果表明,离子液体含量的增加可提高PVA/[Nbmd]OH复合膜的含水率、溶胀度、电导率等。其中,当碱性离子液体质量分数为20%时,复合膜的综合性能达到最优,此时,膜的含水率和拉伸强度分别达到161.6%和23 MPa,在70℃时,膜的电导率为2.11×10~(-3)S/cm,表明碱性离子液体的引入,能明显改善膜的导电性能,但是拉伸强度受到了一定的影响。     

铂粒子修饰的聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素复合膜电极对甲醛的催化氧化

采用循环伏安法在酸性溶液中成功的制备出聚苯胺(PANI)/醋酸纤维素(CA)复合膜,原子力显微镜显示:复合膜具有不对称的微孔结构,正面是不规则微孔结构的聚苯胺层,反面是海绵状的醋酸纤维素层.用电沉积法将铂沉积到PANI/CA复合膜上,研究发现Pt修饰的PANI/CA复合膜电极对甲醛有较高的催化活性和稳定性.     

PVA—PWA—Al2O3无机-有机复合质子交换膜的研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、磷钨酸（PWA）和氧化铝（Al2O3）溶胶为原料，制备得到PVA—PWA—Al2O3无机-有机复合质子交换膜，测定了膜的电导率、含水率、溶胀度和甲醇透过系数等性质．测试结果表明，该复合膜具有较高的导电率和较好的阻醇效果，室温下测得电导率最高达到1．162S／cm，甲醇透过系数在10^-7cm^2／s左右．复合膜中PWA含量增加，膜的电导率、含水率、溶胀度和甲醇透过系数都有所上升；膜中Al2O3含量增加，膜的电导率、含水率、溶胀度提高，但甲醇渗透系数稍有下降．     

细菌纤维素@聚吡咯-单壁碳纳米管导电膜的制备与表征

为了获得柔性高电导率导电材料,以细菌纤维素（BC）、吡咯（Py）和单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）为原料,在不添加任何黏合剂的情况下,通过简单的原位氧化聚合和真空过滤法制备了BC@聚Py-SWCNTs（BC@PPy-SWCNTs）新型导电膜。通过SEM、FTIR对BC@PPy-SWCNTs复合膜的表面形貌、化学成分进行表征。研究了BC@PPy-SWCNTs膜的电化学性能。结果表明,在SWCNTs添加量为4.7%（质量比）时,BC@PPy-SWCNTs复合膜的电导率可达到6.42 S·cm-1,相比BC@PPy有了很大提高,在充电电流为5 mA·cm-2时,其面积电容可达到0.53 F·cm-2,其能量密度达0.036 mWh·cm-2,功率密度达到1.75 mW·cm-2。BC@PPy-SWCNTs膜拓宽了电极材料的种类,有望应用于超级电容器、电池及传感器等领域。      

高强度聚苯胺-聚丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺导电水凝胶的制备与性能

将导电聚合物引入到水凝胶网络中的导电高分子基导电水凝胶,因结合了水凝胶的三维网络结构、良好的生物相容性、优异的力学性能等和导电高分子良好电学性能等优点而被广泛研究,特别是以聚苯胺(PANI)为导电高分子的导电水凝胶。但PANI不溶于水,因此很难制备PANI基导电水凝胶。本文以制备高强度PANI基导电水凝胶为目的,尝试将PANI接枝在亲水性聚合物聚丙烯酸(PAA)上,获得能在水中均匀分散的PANI-PAA导电复合物,再使其与丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合得到高强度的PANI-PAA/PAM导电水凝胶。通过力学性能及电化学性能测试,发现该导电水凝胶具有良好的力学性能和电化学性能。当以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为分散剂时,其电导率可达4.63 S·m?1,可承受压缩应力1.33 MPa (压缩耗散能为85.50 kJ·m?3),拉伸断裂伸长率达964%,相应的断裂强度为0.25 MPa;而以NaOH为分散剂时,凝胶的电导率可达4.19 S·m?1,可承受压缩应力1.13 MPa (压缩耗散能为73.45 kJ·m?3),拉伸断裂伸长率达896%;相应的断裂强度为 0.14 MPa。该研究为高强度聚苯胺基导电水凝胶的制备提供了思路。      

Synthesis and electrical properties of polymer composites with polyaniline nanoparticles

Nano-sized polyaniline (PANI) particles dispersed in aqueous solution were prepared using both poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) as polymeric stabilizers. Size of the spherical PANI particle synthesized using PVA with a HCl dopant (PANI-HCl/PVA) was about 150 nm in diameter, and that with PSSA (PANI-PSSA) was about 50 nm, with a uniform size distribution. Doping level of the PANI-PSSA measured by UV–visible spectrometer was higher than that of PANI-HCl/PVA. The PVA based composite films using both PANI-HCl (PANI-HCl/PVA) and PANI-PSSA (PANI-PSSA/PVA) were prepared by a casting method for different PANI content and their electrical conductivities were measured. A percolation threshold of PANI concentration for conductivity of composite was found only around 10 wt.% of PANI for the PANI-PSSA/PVA, and furthermore, the PANI-PSSA/PVA became more conductive above the threshold point than PANI-HCl/PVA.     

TiO_2光阳极表面原位聚合聚苯胺的制备及表征

为有效解决染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的固态电解质与光阳极界面接触差的问题,文中采用化学原位聚合法在染料敏化TiO2光阳极表面制备聚苯胺(PANI)导电膜,研究了PANI成膜的最佳工艺参数。通过微观形貌观察及电导率测试说明,低温条件用樟脑磺酸(CSA)掺杂PANI薄膜颗粒细小均匀,电导率高达6.297S/cm。红外光谱分析表明,用CSA掺杂PANI较盐酸掺杂的电荷离域更充分,掺杂效果更好。PANI/Dye-TiO2复合膜在可见光区的吸收峰增多,吸收频带增宽;最后通过DSSC电池性能测试得到以PANI为电解质的DSSC较液态DSSC开路电压高,短路电流低的结果。     

Influence of dopant in the synthesis, characteristics and ammonia sensing behavior of processable polyaniline

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline as well as aniline hydrochloride by ammonium persulfate in the presence of para-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA). This helped in direct usage of the conducting PANI solution for film casting and use as a device for ammonia gas sensing. Viscosity change with applied shear rate was measured for both the polymers. Solid PANI powder was isolated from its tetrahydrofuran solution by using methanol as non-solvent. Thermogravimetric analysis investigated the thermal properties of the solid PANI salts. Elemental analysis of both PANI synthesized in presence of PTSA and PANI synthesized in presence of HCl and PTSA was investigated. A thin coherent film of both the conducting PANI were deposited on glass slides precoated with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked with maleic acid (MA) and was directly used in the sensor device. The morphology of the deposited films was analyzed by scanning electron micrograph. The films were further characterized by Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Finally, both the doped PANI films on MA crosslinked PVA coated glass slides were used to measure the conductivity and ammonia gas-sensing characteristics.     

涂覆热分解与电化学聚合法制备聚苯胺/RuO2复合电极材料

通过涂覆热分解法并结合电化学聚合法制备得到聚苯胺(PANI)/RuO₂电极材料。使用涂覆热分解法于260℃热处理3 h制备RuO₂薄膜, 通过电化学聚合法将PANI粒子沉积在RuO₂薄膜上, 并在80℃加热12 h。采用XRD分析PANI/RuO₂复合物晶相, 采用SEM观察PANI/RuO₂复合电极材料的形貌变化。利用循环伏安及恒流充放电测试了该复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明, PANI沉积时间为25 min, 该PANI/RuO₂复合电极的最大电容量为9.72 F, 比电容为452 F·g^-1, 充放电曲线体现了较低的电压降、等效串联电阻及良好的充放电性能。经1000次循环伏安后, 其比电容损失约为11%。     

聚苯胺/TiO2复合纳米膜电极的制备及其光电性能

采用原位化学氧化法,在酸性TiO2溶胶中未加分散剂制备了聚苯胺修饰的TiO2稳定溶胶,并以涂刮法在柔性导电塑料薄膜上成膜。利用FT-IR、XRD、TEM、选区电子衍射、紫外-可见光谱、光电流-电压曲线对所制备的复合溶胶及复合膜进行了表征。结果表明TiO2与聚苯胺之间实现了结构上的复合,聚苯胺的引入改善了TiO2膜对太阳光的利用率,提高了TiO2膜的光电响应性能。这种用复合溶胶制备聚苯胺/TiO2复合膜的方式扩大了成膜基底的范围。     

聚苯胺复合膜的制备及性质

用溶液共混法制备聚苯胺与聚酰胺的复合膜,并研究了复合膜的性能。将化学氧化法制备的本征态聚苯胺用樟脑磺酸(PANI—CSA)掺杂后,与基体聚合物聚酰胺-66,聚酰胺-1010或聚酰胺-11同时溶解在间甲酚溶剂中,干法浇膜,制得的复合膜的电导率处于10^-6S／m～10^2S／m范围,导电阈值2％。DSC法对复合膜热性能和结晶性能进行了研究。采用三种不同pH值的溶液对复合膜进行了处理,对其导电性能的变化进行了测试。     

Silver-plated carbon nanotubes for silver/conducting polymer composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have advantages as conductive fillers due to their large aspect ratio and excellent conductivity. In this study, a novel silver/conducting polymer composite was developed by the incorporation of silver-plated CNTs. It is important to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes and to improve the interfacial bonding to utilize the excellent properties of reinforcements in the matrix material. The homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes was achieved by an acid treatment process, and the interfacial contact was improved by electroless silver plating around nanotubes. The resistivity of the silver/conducting polymer composite was decreased by 83% by the addition of silver-plated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Conductive bumps were also screen-printed to demonstrate the capability of the composite as electrical interconnects for multi-layer printed circuit boards.