柱状装药爆破应力分布的研究

根据岩石爆破特征,利用柱状空腔膨胀理论对爆破产生的弹塑性区的应力分布进行了研究,给出了弹塑性区内应力分布的解析表达式。借助于爆炸力学近似计算公式,验证了应力在弹塑性区的分布,理论计算结果表明,理论计算值与近似计算基本一致。     

岩体中爆破破坏分区研究

文章根据岩体爆破变形与破坏特征,利用松散介质力学、连续介质力学和空腔膨胀理论对爆破地震波效应研究中最基本、最重要的基础性工作--震源机制进行了研究,提出了确定破坏区发展的动力学计算模型,揭示了空腔壁在爆生气体的作用下不断膨胀的脉冲过程,给出了破坏区范围大小.数值分析计算实例结果表明,花岗岩中空腔区、破碎区、径向裂隙区半径分别为装药半径的1.48倍～1.84倍、2.54倍～4.70倍和21.60倍～23.44倍,与传统概念上的分区大小一致.     

地铁盾构孤石预爆破破碎范围计算方法

在沿海地铁盾构掘进孤石爆破预处理施工中,为能更好的描述符合现场实际情况的破碎效果,对影响孤石爆破破碎的炮孔内不耦合介质进行了初步探讨。利用MISES强度准则,根据爆炸动力学理论,结合施工过程中炮孔柱形装药地下水以及上部空气垫层的影响,给出了爆破破碎范围的理论计算公式。依据厦门地铁盾构隧道施工现场的爆破参数进行了计算,计算结果与相关文献资料、现场实验结果进行比较分析,验证了现场爆破参数设计的合理性,证明了理论公式的可行性。可为地铁盾构施工孤石预爆破及类似岩石爆破问题的参数设计提供理论参考。     

地铁盾构孤石预爆破破碎范围计算方法

在沿海地铁盾构掘进孤石爆破预处理施工中,为能更好的描述符合现场实际情况的破碎效果,对影响孤石爆破破碎的炮孔内不耦合介质进行了初步探讨。利用MISES强度准则,根据爆炸动力学理论,结合施工过程中炮孔柱形装药地下水以及上部空气垫层的影响,给出了爆破破碎范围的理论计算公式。依据厦门地铁盾构隧道施工现场的爆破参数进行了计算,计算结果与相关文献资料、现场实验结果进行比较分析,验证了现场爆破参数设计的合理性,证明了理论公式的可行性。可为地铁盾构施工孤石预爆破及类似岩石爆破问题的参数设计提供理论参考。     

盾构隧道孤石预爆破地表质点峰值振速衰减公式

为了解决盾构隧道孤石预爆破中,不同炸药的性质和药包埋深对质点峰值振动速度的影响,对岩石爆破中地表质点峰值振动速度衰减公式进行了改进,基于叠加原理获得能同时考虑装药结构、岩性特性参数等影响因素的长柱药包峰值振动速度公式,并通过工程实例验证了该公式的有效性。结果表明:长柱形装药地下爆破引起的峰值振动速度不仅受测点与爆源距离影响,也受到装药结构的影响;在装药长度不变条件下,长柱药包的埋深对与爆心水平距离25m范围内峰值振动速度影响较大,超出25m范围受到的振动影响程度趋于一致。     

盾构隧道孤石预爆破地表质点峰值振速衰减公式

为了解决盾构隧道孤石预爆破中,不同炸药的性质和药包埋深对质点峰值振动速度的影响,对岩石爆破中地表质点峰值振动速度衰减公式进行了改进,基于叠加原理获得能同时考虑装药结构、岩性特性参数等影响因素的长柱药包峰值振动速度公式,并通过工程实例验证了该公式的有效性。结果表明:长柱形装药地下爆破引起的峰值振动速度不仅受测点与爆源距离影响,也受到装药结构的影响;在装药长度不变条件下,长柱药包的埋深对与爆心水平距离25m范围内峰值振动速度影响较大,超出25m范围受到的振动影响程度趋于一致。     

粘土内爆炸作用的数值计算

本文通过数值分析和计算,讨论了粘土爆炸压实效果与柱形装药之间的关系。炮孔堵塞是影响爆破作用的重要因素。在炮孔堵塞长度较小时,炸药威力对爆炸空腔半径的影响不大。在无限粘土介质内,爆炸空腔半径达到最大值,对于2号岩石铵梯和泰安炸药,空腔半径分别是炮孔半径的15和26倍。与实际情况相吻合。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的混凝土-岩石类靶侵彻模型

基于空腔膨胀理论建立工程模型是研究侵彻问题的常用方法。针对射弹侵彻岩石-混凝土类脆性材料半无限靶问题,基于靶体的弹性-裂纹-粉碎响应模式,粉碎区采用考虑围压的Hoek-Brown准则,得到了准静态球形空腔膨胀的空腔壁压力。在Forrestal两个阶段侵彻模型中,用所得空腔壁压力代替隧道侵彻阶段的侵彻阻力,得到刚性弹侵彻岩石-混凝土类脆性材料半无限靶的侵彻深度预估公式,与文献侵彻试验以及现有典型侵彻深度预估公式比较表明,预估公式适用范围更广,对于(超)高强混凝土和岩石材料靶的预测精度更高。     

钻孔装药爆破岩石块度组成的分析方法

介绍了钻孔装药台阶爆破时岩石块度组成的分析方法。该方法以破碎区的范围和岩体天然节理含量为根据,根据爆破岩石的物理力学性质及所使用炸药的理化性能计算破碎区的半径。通过爆炸应力波的反射作用,论证了岩体中因爆破膨胀应力波的作用而受破坏的比例。     

钻孔装药爆破岩石块度组成的分析方法

介绍了钻孔装药台阶爆破时岩石块度组成的分析方法。该方法以破碎区的范围和岩体天然节理含量为根据,根据爆破岩石的物理力学性质及所使用炸药的理化性能计算破碎区的半径。通过爆炸应力波的反射作用,论证了岩体中因爆破膨胀应力波的作用而受破坏的比例。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.