高导热环氧树脂的研究进展

封装是电气工程和电子工业的重要组成部分,封装材料是决定封装成败和产品性能的关键因素之一,聚合物封装材料因可靠性与金属和陶瓷相当,成型工艺简单,且具有明显的价格优势,从而成为目前的主流封装材料.环氧树脂(EP)因收缩率小、耐热性好、密封性好及电绝缘性优良等特点,在电子封装材料领域的使用量达90％以上.近些年,随着电力设备功率密度的不断提升,电子器件的微型化以及向高温、高压、高频领域转变的发展趋势,纯环氧树脂0.2 W?m-1?K-1的低热导率使封装后的微细化超大规模集成电路以及电机运行等产生的热量难于释放,导致器件可靠性降低、寿命变短.发展高导热的环氧树脂封装材料成为必然选择.高导热环氧树脂具体包括本征型导热环氧树脂和填充型导热环氧树脂复合材料.当前,有关本征型导热环氧树脂的研究热点是通过化学合成刚性分子链或者容易结晶的小分子单体以及在分子链上引入液晶结构来提高环氧树脂的结晶度,减少声子散射.对于填充型导热环氧树脂而言,主要通过向环氧基体中添加高导热填料以构建导热通路,进而提高复合材料的热导率.但在低填充含量下往往无法构建有效的导热通路,而提高填充量又将影响材料的加工性与力学性能.与简单的共混相比,用高导热纳米填料构建3D框架可以极大地提高聚合物的热传递性能,但一般需要使用特殊工艺去除模板.本文综述了近些年关于环氧树脂导热性能的研究现状,给出了两种类型导热环氧树脂的制备方法,重点分析了提升其热导率的机制.进一步阐述了高导热填料的尺寸、形状、分布形态对填充型导热环氧树脂热导率的影响.最后,结合环氧树脂导热性能研究中存在的一些问题,展望了其未来的发展方向.     

环氧塑封料热膨胀性能的研究进展

简述了电子封装用环氧树脂的特性以及电子封装材料目前存在的问题,综述和探讨了环氧塑封料的热膨胀性能及热应力问题.从有机改性、无机改性、纳米改性和工艺改性等几个方面,介绍了目前国内外关于环氧塑封料热膨胀性能的研究进展.     

基于磁芯的环氧树脂基封装材料研究

研究了环氧树脂基封装胶对FeCuNbSiB纳米晶磁芯性能的影响.结果表明,磁芯封装后,磁芯电感值显著下降,在100kHz时电感值下降了10%～45%;封装胶中触变剂、活性填料对磁芯电感值影响非常大,合适的配比有助于封装后磁芯电感值的升高.当触变剂量为60%(占环氧树脂)、活性填料量为100%(占环氧树脂)时,磁芯封装后电感量在100kHz下降9.7%,达到最好水平.     

化学镀中环氧树脂封装材料粗化的研究

研究了在环氧树脂封装材料表面进行化学镀铜时前处理过程中最佳粗化工艺条件:300 g/L CrO3,225 mL/L H2SO4,温度85℃,时间30 min.对粗化后的环氧树脂封装材料表面进行了SEM形貌分析、表面粗糙度及表征亲水性的接触角的计算.结果表明,采用的化学粗化工艺适用于此种环氧树脂基材料,在最佳工艺条件下可以得到较好的化学镀铜层,镀层与样件表面的结合力达到5B级,且镀层能起到较好的电磁屏蔽效果.     

环氧树脂的开发动向及其在电子工业中的应用

本文阐述了环氧树脂在半导体封装、层压板中的应用及新环氧树脂、固化剂、填料、添加剂等方面的开发动向。     

高性能填充材料的研究进展

目前,板式无砟轨道是国内外高速铁路的主要轨道型式,高分子材料在板式轨道中的应用可以提高轨道的性能。综述了高分子材料类、环氧树脂类等为基体的填充材料的研究进展,着重介绍了聚氨酯填充材料的高性能化。展望了未来铁路用新型材料的研究方向,指出通过不同填料对弹性体性能的影响,从而有利于开发出具有更好性价比的填充材料。     

导热有机硅封装胶的研究进展

根据导热有机硅封装胶的研发要求,着重介绍了近年来国内外为提高导热有机硅封装胶的耐老化性、导热性、力学性能等方面的最新研究成果,并对有机硅封装胶研发过程中的难点进行了分析,认为寻求高导热填料以及开发新型耐高温有机硅基体材料是导热有机硅封装胶的研发关键.     

电子封装用陶瓷基片材料的研究进展

简要介绍了电子封装发展情况及其对基片材料的性能要求,分析了陶瓷基片作为封装材料性能上的优点,概述了几种常用陶瓷基片材料的优缺点及其应用:Al2O3作为传统的陶瓷基片材料,优点是成熟的工艺和低廉的价格,但热导率不高;BeO、BN、SiC等都具有高热导率,在某些封装场合是合适的选择;AIN综合性能最好,是最有希望的电子封装陶瓷基片材料.介绍了多层陶瓷基片材料的共烧技术和流延成型技术,并指出LTCC技术和水基流延将是未来发展的重点.     

ZnO及填料对磷酸铬铝基复合材料性能的影响

以磷酸铬铝(ACP)为基体,高硅氧纤维布为增强材料,Cr2O3和Al2O3为填料,通过热压成型制得磷酸铬铝基复合材料。采用TG-DSC和XRD等探讨了磷酸铬铝基体的固化特性和耐热性能,并研究了复合填料、纳米填料及热压工艺对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,ZnO可以降低磷酸铬铝的固化温度并促进其晶型转变;复合填料Cr2O3和Al2O3可以提高材料的耐热性,当Cr2O3和Al2O3之比为7∶3且纳米Cr2O3加入量为5%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,其拉伸强度为95.2MPa,弯曲强度为190.02MPa。     

纳米填料导电胶研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

本文从理论上分析了纳米填料在电子封装用导电胶中的作用。从纳米填料含量、粒径、形状与维度、表面状态、固化温度与固化时间等方面综述了纳米填料导电胶性能影响因素的国内外研究进展;重点介绍了纳米填料原位生成、纳米填料烧结等导电胶性能改进技术,探讨了存在的主要问题,并指出进一步提高导电导热性能、粘接强度和可靠性,制备应用于柔性封装、喷墨印刷的导电胶以及降低制备成本是未来纳米填料导电胶研究领域的发展方向。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.