机械振动对A356合金充型能力影响的研究

将机械振动应用于A356合金浇注过程中,测量不同振动频率下合金的充型长度,通过多项式回归,建立充型长度与振动频率之间的数学表达式,来探索机械振动对合金充型能力的影响机理。实验结果表明,在A356铝合金充型过程中进行机械振动,使流动阻力减小,晶粒细化,改善了金属液充型能力,而使界面换热系数增加,阻碍了充性,因此振动频率对充型能力的影响不是单调的,振动f在20~50Hz之间存在一个频率,使A356铝合金的充型能力达到极大值,为35Hz,经过回归分析得出极大值点为f=39.05Hz,Lmax=823.89mm。     

镁合金压力充型与凝固过程的研究

研究了镁合金ＺＡ９１ＨＰ、ＡＭ５０ＨＰ,ＡＭ２０ＨＰ和铝合金ＡｌＳｉ９Ｃｕ３在高压力下的充型与凝固过程,结果表明,镁合金的充型能力比铝合金约低２５％－５０％;随铝含量的递减,三种镁合金的充型能力依次降低。数值模拟结果显示,镁合金在凝固发生之前具有与铝合金相同的充型能力。     

充液对箱形多腔结构振动特性的影响

为研究充液对箱形多腔结构振动特性的影响,运用数值有限元方法建立多腔结构及其单元腔室的模型,计算分析了不同充液工况对系统振动频率的影响,其中不同充液比的充液工况由正交优化试验方法确定,最后通过弹簧振子模型研究多单元系统的频率变化.结果表明：在同一充液比的充液工况中,单腔及多腔结构在低充液比时结构第一阶频率有微小幅度的升高,1、3腔同时充液时结构频率随充液比的增加降低最大;在不同充液比的充液工况中,总充液量、充液比及充液比的排列都是影响多腔结构第一阶频率的因素;弹簧-振子模型说明单元改变引起局部振动频率变化是多单元系统频率呈现不规则变化的原因.     

快速充型对镁合金压铸件质量的影响

针对汽车发动机缸盖罩盖零件,采用压力传感器,通过对铸件的表观质量进行评定及铸件密度和抗拉强度的测定,系统研究了镁合金压铸过程中快速充型速度和起速位置对型腔内压力变化和铸件质量的影响.结果表明:随着充型速度增加,镁合金铸件的表观质量显著改善,达到一定值后,这种趋势变化不明显;铸件的表面缺陷随着起速位置的增大先增多后减少;铸件的强度与密度均随着充型速度和起速位置的增大先增大后减小,这与充型速度与起速位置对铸件型腔内压力的影响规律一致;当充型速度为70 m/s,起速位置为210 mm时,镁合金压铸件的质量与性能最佳.     

公路运输过程中机械振动对草莓贮藏品质的影响

本文模拟了公路运输草莓的汽车在运输过程中的机械振动情况,研究了机械振动对草莓后期贮藏品质的影响。通过扫频振动实验,测得了所选草莓包装件的固有频率为20.5 Hz。在17 Hz、19 Hz、20.5 Hz、22 Hz以及24 Hz 5种频率下,分别进行了草莓的定频振动实验。以硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量以及丙二醛(MDA)含量为评价指标,研究了经机械振动后的草莓在0℃、5℃以及10℃贮藏时的品质变化情况。研究发现:经过机械振动后贮藏的草莓,品质的变化是机械振动频率与贮藏温度相互耦合的结果;贮藏温度相同时,经历了固有频率振动的草莓最不易保存,在0℃下贮藏9天后,硬度降低了15.5%,而MDA含量增加了30%;在相同的振动频率下,0℃保存效果最佳。     

铝(镁)合金消失模铸造近净成形技术研究进展

阐述了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造在金属液充型、振动凝固、压力凝固以及消失模壳型铸造等技术方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,铝(镁)合金在消失模铸造过程中,需重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能;通过采用振动凝固和压力凝固的手段,可以提高金属液充型能力、细化组织、提高组织致密性,明显提高铸件力学性能。真空低压消失模壳型铸造技术,可以解决普通消失模铸造易于出现的孔洞和夹杂等缺陷以及浇不足和浇注温度高等问题,是一种生产复杂薄壁高质量铝、镁合金精密铸件的新方法。     

振动对小番茄生理特性的影响

在轻微机械振动处理下,研究了振动过程中振动工况对小番茄呼吸速率的影响及振动后各项生理指标变化.经试验发现,同一振动频率时,振动强度越大,圣女果小番茄的呼吸速率则越大.振动后,小番茄的呼吸速率、失重率和酸度明显高于对照水平;而果肉硬度则远低于对照水平.这表明在未造成果品机械损伤的条件下,机械振动仍然会对果品产生显著的影响,如促进果实的呼吸作用,加速果肉组织的软化,加速了果实的衰老进程,最终导致果品的品质、耐贮性的降低.     

充液环肋圆柱壳耦合振动的波动解

研究了充液环肋圆柱壳结构的耦合振动特性。基于Love壳体理论,考虑壳体内部完全充液,采用波动法建立充液环肋圆柱壳耦合振动的频率特征方程,得到了不同边界条件下的耦合频率值。通过与已有文献数据对比,验证了该文研究方法的有效性和正确性。最后通过算例,分析了充液因素、环肋参数、边界条件、壳体几何参数等对充液环肋圆柱壳耦合振动的影响。     

AZ91D镁合金托弹板半固态触变模锻研究

为了掌握半固态触变模锻中工艺参数对成形零件的微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,借助拉伸试验机和金相显微镜对AZ91D镁合金托弹板的半固态触变模锻过程进行了研究.AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料分别采用传统SIMA法和新SIMA法制备.结果表明:压力对托弹板零件的充型过程有很大影响,当压力为500 kN,托弹板零件充型不满;当压力为2000 kN,托弹板零件充型良好.坯料加热温度和保温时间对托弹板零件的力学性能有一定影响.当压力为2000 kN,模具预热温度为450 ℃,坯料在545 ℃保温20 min时,新SIMA法制备的半固态坯半固态触变模锻成形的托弹板零件获得最佳的力学性能.与传统SIMA法相比,新SIMA法制备的半固态坯成形的托弹板零件的室温力学性能和100℃的高温力学性有很大提高.     

阻尼镁合金的研究现状与发展趋势

阐明了镁合金的阻尼机理及应变振幅、频率、温度对镁合金阻尼性能的影响.综述了当前改善镁合金阻尼性能的主要方法,如添加合金元素、控制变形工艺、热处理、控制晶粒尺寸和取向、添加增强相.指出通过添加新的增强相和合金元素,引入位错阻尼之外新的阻尼产生机制,解决阻尼性能与力学性能的矛盾,将是未来高性能阻尼镁合金材料研究的重要方向,而且,产品外形结构设计与阻尼性能的关系也是值得关注的一个新研究方向.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.