低温液相法制备片花状α-Fe2O3纳米结构

以氯化铁为铁源,添加适量二甲胺硼烷(DMAB)作为表面活性剂.用简单的液相方法在低温下制备出大量片花状α-Fe2O3纳米结构.讨论了反应时间和DMAB与FeCl3摩尔比对产物形貌的影响.在温度为80℃,摩尔比为1:1时制备出的片状α-Fe2O3形貌完整性较好.用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜分别表征了α-Fe2O...     

氢电弧等离子体法制备碳包铁纳米粒子

采用氢电弧等离子体法制备了碳包铁纳米粒子,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)等分析手段对粒子的成分、形貌,相结构,热性能等进行了表征.结果表明,制备的粒子中含有α-Fe、Fe3 C、无定形碳和石墨,没有铁的氧化物相出现.铁粒子外碳层的厚度为5～15nm,碳包铁纳米粒子的熔点为1360℃,碳层的存在增强了纳米粒子的抗酸蚀能力.     

零维纳米Fe2O3粉体的制备与吸波性能的研究

使用不同的化学共沉淀法制备零维纳米γ-Fe2O3和α-Fe2O3粉体,通过比表面测试、透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析其结构,并在10GHz的频率下测试了它们的微波吸收性能。结果表明：实验制备得到了零维纳米γ-Fe2O3和α-Fe2O3粉体,在10GHz的频率下γ-Fe2O3的微波吸收性能比α-Fe2O3要好。     

多聚磷酸钠改性水基Fe_3O_4磁流体的制备与表征

采用多聚磷酸钠(STPP)对Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子进行表面改性,制备稳定的水基磁流体。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)及Zeta电位仪对所制备的磁流体进行表征。结果表明,STPP包覆于Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的表面,当pH>3时,粒子表面带有负电荷;磁性测试结果表明,STPP/Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度为62.3 A.m2.kg-1。     

聚苯胺/Fe3O4纳米复合材料在初始中性溶液中的制备与表征

在没有加酸并含有阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的Fe3O4纳米粒子悬浮液中,采用原位化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺/Fe3O4纳米复合材料,并用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、红外(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计等对此纳米复合材料的形貌、结构和电磁性能进行了研究,对此纳米复合材料的形成机理也作了分析.研究结果表明Fe3O4纳米粒子被聚苯胺所包覆.Fe3O4纳米粒子和聚苯胺之间存在着一定的相互作用,以利于Fe3O4纳米粒子被聚苯胺所包覆.此纳米复合材料兼具导电性和磁性,Fe3O4的含量对其电磁性能影响很大,随着Fe3O4含量的增加,其室温电导率随之降低,而其饱和磁化强度则随之增加.     

低温水热法制备形貌可控纳米α-Fe2O3的研究

以FeCl3.6H2O、尿素为主要原料,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,乙二醇为分散剂,采用低温水热法制备了不同形貌的α-Fe2O3,分析讨论了加入表面活性剂及乙二醇作为分散剂对产物形貌的影响,采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)研究样品的热分解过程,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品成分、粒度、形貌等进行了表征分析。结果表明:表面活性剂和分散剂可以控制颗粒的形貌,加入不同的表面活性剂、分散剂及控制其用量可以得到形貌不同的纳米α-Fe2O3。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Sb掺杂的α-Fe2O3纳米晶过程的结构研究

以FeCl3·6H2O为源物质，用溶胶－凝胶法制备了Sb掺杂的α-Fe2O3纳米晶粉末，并用X射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱仪、差热分析和透射电镜对系统的相转变和显微结构进行了研究．干凝胶为Fe（OH）3非晶相，经一定温度热处理晶化为α-Fe2O3相．体系中掺杂适量的Sb后，Sb分布在非晶颗粒的表面，不影响非晶相的结构，但显著提高了晶化温度，阻缓了α-Fe2O3晶粒的生长，有利于获得纳米晶；对其机理进行了讨论．     

新型燃烧合成方法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为络合剂与硝酸铁反应,不调节反应体系的pH值成功地制备出α-Fe2 O3纳米晶。络合物在150℃反应后的产物灰烬经X射线分析,含有部分α-Fe2O3和γ -Fe2O3,产物灰烬经400℃煅烧1.5h后得到的是α-Fe2O3和γ-Fe2O3的混合物,X射线衍射和红外光谱分析的结果显示,此时有机组分已分解完全。在450℃煅烧1 . 5h,γ-Fe2O3全部转变为α-Fe2O3,经透射电镜观察晶粒尺寸在25～35 nm之间,且为球形,在500℃的温度下煅烧得到的产物晶粒比450℃煅烧产物晶粒稍有长大,在25 ～40nm之间。     

类石墨相氮化碳二维纳米片的制备及可见光催化性能研究

以三聚氰胺为原料制备类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),采用球磨与超声联用技术制备g-C3N4二维纳米片. 利用X 射线衍射光谱(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、荧光(PL)光谱等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明: g-C3N4二维纳米片具有与体相g-C3N4相同的晶体结构,片层结构仅有5个原子层厚.g-C3N4二维纳米片增加了对可见光的吸收,提高了光生电子-空穴对的分离效率.以染料罗丹明B的降解反应研究了g-C3N4二维纳米片在可见光下的催化性能. 结果表明,球磨超声1 h后制备的g-C3N4二维纳米片表现出最佳的光催化性能, 150 min 内对罗丹明B的降解率高达94%,是体相g-C3N4的2 倍.     

α-Fe2O3@TiO2纳米核壳球的制备及光催化清除乙烯性能研究

提高纳米TiO2在可见光下光催化及乙烯清除效果。方法 本文以FeCl3.6H2O和TiF4为原材料,采用水热合成法制备出以α-Fe2O3为核、以TiO2为壳的纳米复合型材料α-Fe2O3@TiO2,通过X射线衍射、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱及电子顺磁共振等光化学表征及乙烯清除实验,研究其光催化和乙烯清除能力。结果 制备得到的α-Fe2O3粒子具有稳定的棒状结构,粒径长度为100~200 nm,宽度为50~100 nm;TiO2粒子为分散均匀的锐钛型空心球,直径为100~200 nm;合成的α-Fe2O3@TiO2纳米核壳球的禁带宽度降低到1.91 eV;DMPO-.O2⁻和DMPO-.OH的电子信号强度增大;具有优异的乙烯清除能力。结论 本实验制备得到的α-Fe2O3@TiO2纳米核壳球具有良好的光催化效果和乙烯清除能力,有望将其应用在果蔬保鲜中,实现杀菌、氧化分解有机物以及去除异味等功效,以达到延长货架期的目的。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.