低电压缴反射镜型微机械光开关的设计与制作

利用 (1 0 0 )硅片和偏 2 5°的 (1 1 1 )硅片制作了静电驱动扭臂结构微反射镜型 2× 2光开关。微反射镜、自对准V型槽和扭臂结构是在 (1 0 0 )硅片上制作的 ,反射镜与光纤槽之间靠晶向自对准 ,反射镜与光轴垂直度较好。在偏 2 5°的 (1 1 1 )硅片上制作倾斜下电极结构 ,实验测得的 pull in电压为 1 3 2V ,几乎比平面下电极的 pull in电压降低一半。采用准直光纤耦合 ,开关的插入损耗小于 1 4dB ,串话小于 - 5 0dB。     

图形化硅纳米线阵列的制备

本文主要研究了在常态(常温、常压等)条件下,利用金属催化化学腐蚀方法在硅片表面上大面积制备排列整齐、取向一致的硅纳米线阵列.同时,出于对后续制作硅纳米线传感器考虑,利用微电子标准加工工艺,以氮化硅做掩膜,通过选择合适的实验参数,在硅片表面选择性生长纳米线阵列,得到图形化的硅纳米线阵列.     

ICF用阵列腔镜及阵列伺服反射镜的新型反射镜结构

介绍了一种新型伺服反射镜,它用单框架结构,用一点支撑两点调整实现反射镜的两维角度调节,新型伺服反射镜有结构简单,体积小,并有调整灵敏度高,稳定性好的特点,可在各种角度下使用,并可以用多个单元组成阵列式伺服反射镜、阵列腔镜。这种新型伺服反射镜及相应的阵列式伺服反射镜,阵列腔镜适用于大型ICF装置。     

具有“荷叶效应”的硅基仿生表面的制备及其微摩擦性能

用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观测了荷叶表面的双微观结构,即特征尺度在10μm左右的微米乳突和直径为50～100 nm的纳米蜡质晶体.提出了制备具有"荷叶效应"的硅基仿生表面的两种方法,一是将表面制有特征尺度为100 nm左右纳米结构的硅片进行硅烷化疏水处理,仅制作了纳米结构,部分模拟了"荷叶效应;"另一种方法是将表面制有特征尺度为10μm左右微米结构的硅片进行烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)化处理,该方法获得了具有双微观结构的仿生表面,比较完整地模拟了"荷叶效应."微摩擦性能测试结果表明光滑硅片微观摩擦系数为0.08～0.10,而具有120 nm～25μm微结构的硅片微观摩擦系数为0.04～0.07;具有特征尺度为200 nm线条阵列的粗糙区平均黏附力与光滑区平均黏附力之比为0.59.硅基仿生表面有利于降低摩擦系数和减小黏附,"荷叶效应"对于微机电系统(micro electro mechanical system,MEMS)防黏减摩具有一定的潜在应用价值.     

场发射真空传感器

场发射真空传感器是采用MEMS加工工艺研制一种新型的基于硅尖阵列场发射原理的微型真空传感器.通过理论分析,确立了该种传感器中硅尖场发射电流与真空度的关系.并利用干法刻蚀工艺,在硅片上制作了高3.2μm,曲率半径小于70nm的200 ×42硅尖阵列.保持阳极与硅尖距离为1μm的情况下,可以观察到阳极电压为10V左右时开始有明显的场发射电流.实验结果表明,在10V-15V的输入电压范围内,通过测试场发射电流所得到的真空度值,其最大误差不超过10%.该真空传感器具有制作简单、易于集成、信号测量容易、自身不带密封腔等优点,具有潜在的应用前景和市场潜力.     

Si衬底表面圆柱孔形抗反射周期微结构的设计及制造

在本征硅片表面设计并制作了一种圆柱孔形抗反射微结构。基于严格耦合波分析方法,通过数值计算及模拟仿真确定了微结构最优参数组合,设计反射率小于3%。应用二元曝光、湿法腐蚀和反应离子刻蚀技术制作了单面和双面抗反射周期阵列微结构。根据测试结果判断反应气体流量、射频功率及工作气压等工艺参数对微结构形貌及侧壁陡直度具有很大影响,经过实验分析确定了最佳工艺参数组合。采用热场发射扫描电子显微镜和白光干涉仪对该结构进行形貌表征,利用显微成像红外光谱仪对其反射率进行测量。最终结果表明,相比于单面微结构和无结构本征硅片,双面微结构抗反射效果最好,得到反射率为8%左右,基本达到抗反射设计要求。     

碳纤维织物/PEEK热塑性树脂基复合材料光学反射镜研究

研究了碳织物增强热塑性PEEK树脂基复合材料的力学性能、部分空间性能及光学反射性能.研究结果表明,碳织物/PEEK复合材料具有优异的力学性能、空间性能、耐辐照性能和光学反射性能;在1×10-3Pa真空中可凝挥发物(CVCM)为0、水气回收量(WVR)为0.08%,并制成φ128mm反射镜,测试了反射镜的反射率为96.89%.碳织物增强热塑性PEEK树脂基复合材料是一种适合空间环境的高性能复合材料,可以用于制作光学反射镜.     

具有渐变层半导体DBR的MOCVD外延制备

应用金属有机化合物气相淀积(MOCVD)制备了具有渐变层的半导体布拉格反射镜(DBR),分别是抛物线性、线性和突变结构的DBR.三种反射镜结构都设计为8个周期,通过白光反射谱测量突变DBR具有最大反射率.应用原子力显微镜对所制备的DBR表面形貌进行分析.结果表明,相同周期数情况下线性渐变DBR相对于其他两种结构粗糙度最小,具有良好的表面形貌,可以应用于垂直腔面发射激光器的研制.     

一种FIB刻蚀结合KOH腐蚀的制造纳米梁的新方法

常规的通过干法刻蚀制作纳米梁的方法会不可避免地在梁上引入晶格损伤层。本文提出一种制造无晶格损伤层纳米梁的新工艺方法。在常规光刻后,辅助利用FIB(聚焦离子束)刻蚀修改硅梁中部上方的SiO2掩模。根据单晶硅的材料和工艺特点,通过KOH各向异性腐蚀,硅梁两侧壁与硅片表面垂直,并自停止为(111)面。自停止面自校正地沿112晶向自硅梁中部向两端扩展,直至硅梁成型。经过冷冻干燥,最终在(110)SOI硅片上制得了宽度为112nm的单晶硅纳米梁。自校正的腐蚀方式提升了工艺稳定性,并且由于结合利用了湿法腐蚀和FIB技术,此工艺方法具有无晶格损伤层、工艺重复性好、加工精度高等优点。     

反射镜的妙用

用平行平晶检定外径千分尺两测量面不平行度时,在靠近固定测砧处放置一平面反射镜。(可用光学计上的进光反射镜,因该反射镜带有支架,可以方便地移动和调整角度。)这样只需从一端观察就能很方便地同时读取两测量面上出现的干涉带条数。这种方法对检定     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.