掺铁纳米氧化锌的制备及其光催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了纯纳米ZnO和掺铁纳米ZnO,并用X射线衍射光谱进行了表征。用紫外灯作为光源,甲基橙溶液为光催化反应模型降解物,研究了ZnO及掺铁ZnO的光催化性能,并考察了前驱体焙烧温度、铁掺杂量、底物浓度、光照时间以及pH对降解率的影响。结果表明,掺杂铁离子提高了ZnO的光催化活性,400℃热处理的掺杂铁0.5%(质量比)的ZnO的光催化性能最好;当甲基橙初始浓度为5mg/L,光照时间3h,掺杂铁0.5%(质量比)的ZnO粉末对甲基橙的降解率达到84%;掺铁纳米ZnO在弱酸性条件下的催化效果比碱性条件下更好。     

掺杂镧铈对纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响

研究采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土元素La和Ce的TiO2薄膜,并以甲基橙为光催化降解反应化合物,进行了光催化实验,考察了掺杂对薄膜光催化性能的影响。结果表明,两种稀土元素中,掺镧的效果好于掺铈。该研究结果为光催化技术的实用化研究提供了可靠的依据。     

Fe3+-TiO2薄膜经不同温度退火后的可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Fe3+的TiO2薄膜,并在不同温度热处理.用SEM、XPS、UV-vis等分析方法进行结构表征和性能测试,通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液测试其可见光光催化活性.结果表明,723K时掺杂Fe3+的TiO2薄膜已经结晶,粒径为40～50nm.掺杂元素以Fe3+并口Fd2+形式存在于TiO2晶格并取代Ti4+形成Ti-O-Fe键,改变了TiO2的表面态,使TiO2带隙变窄,促进了对可见光的吸收.降解实验结果表明,823K热处理后掺杂铁的TiO2薄膜其光催化活性最好,在25W白炽灯模拟可见光下照射3.0h后,亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率接近30%.     

金属Nd增强TiO_2薄膜光催化性能的机理研究

用浸渍-提拉法在高硅氧玻璃纤维网格布上制备了掺杂金属Nd的TiO2薄膜,通过甲基橙的光催化降解实验来评价了催化剂薄膜的光催化性能,并用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis漫反射等分析方法对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:未掺杂和Nd掺杂均能得到锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜;适量掺杂金属Nd能够细化TiO2薄膜晶粒,使TiO2薄膜的拉曼和紫外可见漫反射峰位红移,拓宽了TiO2薄膜的光响应范围;与纯TiO2薄膜相比,掺杂金属Nd能够明显增强TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,当金属Nd的掺杂量为3wt%时,薄膜对甲基橙的降解最好。     

Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜电极光电催化降解甲基橙

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了泡沫镍负载TiO2及Ce离子掺杂TiO2薄膜电极,并以其为工作电极,建立了三电极光电催化体系。通过对水溶液中甲基橙的降解实验,考察了催化剂热处理温度、涂敷层数、外加电压、铈掺杂等因素对薄膜催化剂光催化性能的影响,结果表明,泡沫镍是光催化剂的优良载体;经500℃处理所得催化剂主要为锐钛矿相,催化活性最好;外加适当电压,有助于光催化降解;Ce的掺杂有易于TiO2催化活性的改善;外加适当电压有助于甲基橙的光催化降解。研究证明,500℃为铈掺杂TiO2薄膜的最佳热处理温度,外加一定电压、涂敷3层、掺杂n(Ce)/n(Ti)=2%的铈时催化剂的活性最高。     

磁控溅射制备非晶态TiO2-V薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用磁控溅射方法,在玻璃基片上制备v掺杂非晶态TiO2薄膜,研究了射频掺杂功率、基片温度以及薄膜厚度等因素对薄膜光催化性能的影响.x射线衍射(XRD)及x光电子能谱(XPs)分析表明:薄膜为非晶态,薄膜主要成分为钛(Ti)和钒(V),其比例为8.7:l.光催化降解10mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液实验表明:随着薄膜厚度的增加,光催化降解率递增,当厚度达129nm时,薄膜对亚甲基蓝的降解率为83.36%.     

Ce掺杂PI/CuO复合薄膜的制备及性能

以聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体,采用离子交换法制备Ce掺杂PI/CuO复合薄膜。考察了不同制备条件对其性能的影响,并进一步研究了Ce掺杂量及离子交换液浓度对复合薄膜的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光能谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)等技术手段对复合薄膜进行表征,并且以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物,根据对亚甲基蓝的降解率评价薄膜的光催化性能。研究结果表明,煅烧温度350℃,煅烧时间4h,Ce掺杂量为10%、离子交换液浓度为0.4mol/L时,光催化效果最好,2h亚甲基蓝降解率可达92.7%,总有机碳量(TOC)去除率78.7%。回收复合薄膜进行二次利用,降解效果良好。     

铁、镉复合掺杂氧化锌纳米粉体的制备及其光降解性能

以ZnCl2,CdSO4,FeCl3和CO(NH2)2为原料采用水热合成法制备了铁镉复合掺杂ZnO纳米材料,并用红外、紫外光谱、XRD等技术对材料进行了表征。以甲基橙为降解底物,以紫外光为光源,探讨了前驱体的干燥温度、干燥时间、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、铁镉的掺杂量以及降解体系pH值对样品光催化降解甲基橙的影响。结果表明:铁、镉复合掺杂制得的改性ZnO粉体属六方晶系,掺杂的铁、镉离子进入了ZnO晶格,没有新相出现,粒子直径在8~9nm;掺杂使得样品红外吸收增加,紫外-可见光谱出现蓝移;在160℃下干燥30min,290℃煅烧1h时所得1.65%Fe-0.39%Cd-ZnO纳米材料的光催化能力最好;在弱碱性条件下,加入质量1g/L时,样品对浓度为20mg/L甲基橙光照2h,其光催化降解率超过85%;甲基橙的光降解遵从一级反应动力学规律。     

掺杂元素对非晶态纳米二氧化钛光催化性能的彤响

采用溶胶-凝胶法将不同元素转入二氧化钛结构之中,分析元素掺杂对非晶态TiO2颗粒光催化性能的影响。以甲基橙溶液模拟目标污染物,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定甲基橙溶液光照前后吸光度的变化,结果表明,掺杂元素后的非晶态TiO2与未掺杂的纳米TiO2相比具有更好的光催化活性,其中,金属元素FeN最佳掺杂量为1．5％,降解率达到73．02％;稀土元素Ce的最佳掺杂量为1．5％,降解率达到73．33％;非金属元素SN最佳掺杂量为2．5％,降解率达到94．13％。     

铁掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Fe3 的纳米TiO2微粒,采用X光衍射仪对粉体进行了表征.以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了Fe3 掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能.结果表明,掺杂适量Fe3 能够提高TiO2的光催化活性,当Fe3 的掺入量为摩尔比0.41%时催化活性最高.以紫外灯为光源,降解初始浓度为20mg·L-1的250mL甲基橙溶液,催化剂0.41%(摩尔分数)Fe3 -TiO2投加量为0.5g时,甲基橙的光催化降解效果最好.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.