Cr7C3 / Ni3Al 复合材料制备过程中碳化铬的溶解再析出行为

将真空常压烧结方法制得的Cr₃C₂-Ni₂Al 复合焊丝堆焊于碳钢表面。分析表明, 在堆焊过程中, 利用氩弧物理热和Ni-Al 反应热, Ni 与Al 化合反应生成Ni₃Al 金属间化合物, Cr₃C₂ 则发生分解, 除少部分[ C]与[Cr ]固溶于Ni₃Al 基体中外, 大部分反应析出更稳定的Cr₇C₃ 相, 其尺寸取决于堆焊层中不同区域的冷却环境,较为均匀地分布于Ni₃Al 基体中。由于Cr 在Ni₃Al 中的固溶度远大于C , 加之Cr₃C₂ 转化为Cr₇C₃ 也造成部分富余的C , 结果造成在该Ni₃Al 表面强化材料焊层中形成石墨相, 其密度轻、熔点高, 主要偏聚于焊层表层。Cr₇C₃ / Ni₃Al 复合材料的室温、高温硬度远高于传统高温耐磨材料Stellite 合金, 该材料有望成为一种新型的高温耐磨表面强化材料。      

TiC/CuAl2O3复合材料动态再结晶临界条件

为了确定TiC/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的动态再结晶行为,为热加工工艺参数的制定提供理论参考。采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,在变形温度450~850℃、应变速率0.001~1 s^-1、总应变量为0.7的条件下,对TiC/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料进行热模拟试验。对TiC/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的真应力-应变曲线数据进行拟合、分析,求得材料的加工硬化率。结合加工硬化率-应变曲线的拐点和对应偏导曲线最小值的判据,研究了该复合材料动态再结晶临界条件。结果表明：TiC/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的真应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;该材料的加工硬化率-应变曲线出现拐点,对应偏导曲线出现最小值;临界应变随变形温度的升高与应变速率的降低而减小,且临界应变与峰值应变以及Zener-Hollomon参数之间具有相关性。     

SPS原位反应制备TiC/Ti2AlC/TixAly系复合材料的微观结构及其导电性能

以Al₄C₃、Ti和石墨混合粉体为原料, 采用放电等离子技术原位反应制备了TiC/Ti₂AlC两相复合材料和TiC/Ti₂AlC/Ti_xAl_y三相复合材料. 利用XRD、SEM、TEM研究了复合材料的相组成和微观结构, HRTEM的观察结果显示复合材料的相界面清洁干净, 无非晶相存在. 同时研究了TiC/Ti₂AlC/Ti_xAl_y三相复合材料的原位反应烧结过程, 并对复合材料的导电行为进行了表征. 在室温时TiC/Ti₂AlC材料的电导率大于TiC/Ti₂AlC/Ti_xAl_y三相复合材料,其中TiC/40vol%Ti₂AlC的电导率最高达到8.83×105S/m. TiC/Ti2AlC两相复合材料和TiC/Ti₂AlC/Ti_xAl_y三相复合材料的电导率均随温度的升高而下降, 呈现电导的金属性特征, 同时电导率随温度变化关系符合Arrhenius理论.     

Al2O3/Cu 复合材料的塑性变形及再结晶

内氧化方法虽然可获得细小氧化物颗粒, 但是所得氧化物在复合材料中的分布很不均匀, 且材料致密度较低。本文研究了Al₂O_{3/Cu 复合材料的塑性变形行为, 变形材料在退火过程中的再结晶规律以及塑性变形对氧化铝弥散强化复合材料组织及性能的影响。实验证明, 该材料具有很高的加工硬化系数, 弥散氧化物能够明显提高复合材料的再结晶温度, 提高材料的高温强度。}      

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPONENT AND THERMAL STRESS REDISTRIBUTION IN β-Ti/TiC FGM BY THERMOMIGRATION

对β-Ti／TiC梯度材料（FGM）在长时间高温环境下的热扩散进行了数值分析得出随时间增长，β-Ti／TiCFGM的成分梯度分布被破坏：高温侧TiC相富集；低温侧Ti相富集同时热应力会增大，突变趋势也增大，使用寿命缩短     

XD 法合成TiC/Al 复合材料的机制

本文研究了XD 法合成TiC/Al 复合材料的机理。结果表明: 在铝基体中, 首先形成Al₃Ti相, 然后,Al₃Ti 相与C 粉发生反应, 生成TiC 增强相。分析认为:Al 在TiC 相形成过程中起触媒作用, 降低激活能, 加速反应进行。      

Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料的研究

采用热压工艺制备了Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料,测量了其力学性能.结果表明,当CaF2含量为10%(质量分数,下同)时,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料的强度和硬度最高,分别达到了589MPa和HV1537.其微观结构显示,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料的晶粒大小均匀,基体组织成网状结构,有利于提高材料的强度.对Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料室温干摩擦下的摩擦磨损行为进行了研究,当CaF2含量为10%时,摩擦系数最低,约为0.28左右,CaF2含量为15%的陶瓷反而具有较大的摩擦系数,达到了0.32左右.研究表明,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷材料能形成有效的减磨层,从而显著降低摩擦系数和磨损因子,具有一定的自润滑性能.     

Mo对TiC/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

为了细化TiC/Al基复合材料中的增强颗粒,进一步提高TiC颗粒对基体的强化效果,在锻铝6A02基体中加入适量Mo元素,用原位合成的方法制备TiC/Al基复合材料.对制备得到的铸态和轧制态材料进行了显微组织观察、拉伸和磨损实验.结果表明,TiC颗粒可以作为异质形核核心起到细化基体组织的作用.TiC颗粒的引入提高了材料在室温和高温的抗拉强度和屈服强度,同时改善了材料的耐磨损性能,且随着载荷的增加,耐磨性能的提高越明显.当加入质量分数1.0%的Mo时,可改善基体对TiC颗粒的润湿性,细化TiC颗粒的尺寸(0.5μm),使TiC颗粒分布更为均匀,材料的力学性能和磨损性能得到提高.然而,过高的Mo含量将导致在组织中出现粗大的脆性Al5Mo相,同时使材料的力学性能和磨损性能有所降低.     

TiC增强复合材料在不同条件下的磨损行为

研究了TiC/NiCrMoAlTi金属陶瓷、TiC/NiMo金属陶瓷和钢结TiC硬质合金的磨损行为,结果表明:在平稳加载条件下,金属陶瓷的耐磨性优于钢结TiC硬质合金;而在冲击载荷条件下,钢结硬质合金的室温耐磨性优于金属陶瓷,但在高温下金属陶瓷的耐磨性又转为优于钢结硬质合金,与室温相比TiC/NiCrMoAlTi和TiC/NiMo的耐磨性分别提高31%和79%,而钢结TiC硬质合金则下降52%.初步分析了不同粘结相的TiC增强复合材料的磨损机制以及加载率和温度对磨损行为的影响.TiC增强复合材料的磨损行为与其使役条件密切相关.     

添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料力学性能和显微结构

采用热压工艺制备了添加固体润滑剂MoS2、BN、CaF2的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料,测量了其力学性能和分析了其显微结构.结果表明,添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷比未添加时的力学性能有大幅下降,其中Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料的力学性能最好,当CaF2含量为10%时,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料的强度和硬度最高,分别达到了589MPa和HV1537;而添加BN的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料的力学性能最差.XRD衍射结果和微观结构显示,添加MoS2的Al2O3/TiC材料中的MoS2发生分解,基体中存在较多的气孔;添加BN的Al2O3/TiC材料中的BN与Al2O,反应生成AlN,造成大量裂纹的产生,致使材料的强度和硬度都大幅下降;Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料中的CaF2在烧结过程中没发生化学反应,复合材料晶粒大小均匀,基体组织成网状结构,有利于提高材料的强度.     

Compressive Creep Behavior of TiC/AZ91D Magnesium-matrix Composites with Interpenetrating Networks

The 42.1 vol. pct TiC/AZ91D magnesium-matrix composites with interpenetrating networks were fabricated by in-situ reactive infiltration process. The compressive creep behavior of as-synthesized composites was investigated at temperature ranging from 673 to 723 K under loads of 95-108 MPa. For a comparative purpose,the creep behavior of the monolithic matrix alloy AZ91D was also conducted under loads of 15-55 MPa at 548-598 K. The creep mechanisms were theoretically analyzed based on the power-law relation. The results showed that the creep rates of both TiC/AZ91D composites and AZ91D alloy increase with increasing the temperature and load. The TiC/AZ91D composites possess superior creep resistance as compared with the AZ91D alloy. At deformation temperature below 573 K, the stress exponent n of AZ91D alloy approaches theoretical value of 5, which suggests that the creep process is controlled by dislocation climb. At 598 K, the stress exponentof AZ91D is close to 3, in which viscous non-basal slip deformation plays a key role in the process of creep deformation. However, the case differs from that of AZ91D alloy when the stress exponent n of TiC/AZ91D composites exceeds 9, which shows that there exists threshold stress in the creep process of the composites, similar to other types of composites. The average activation energies for the creep of the AZ91D alloy and TiC/AZ91D composites were calculated to be 144 and 152 k J/mol, respectively. The existence of threshold stress in the creep process of the composites leads to an increase in activation energy for creep.     

Production of TiC reinforced-aluminum composites with the addition of elemental carbon

TiC reinforced Al matrix composites were produced by the additions of elemental carbon to both Al + 4%Ti and Al + 5%Ti alloys. It is shown that the microstructure, phase composition as well as fracture behavior of the composites produced are controlled by the processing parameters, such as temperature, amount of excess carbon and duration. Composite microstructure subjected to 1300 °C for 15 min includes only TiC particles where the fracture occurs in a ductile manner whilst composites subjected to 1200 °C for 30 min contain Al₃Ti and TiC particles which show mixed mode of fracture behavior where Al₃Ti particles resulted in brittle fracture due to their coarser size.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Property of in-situ Al-Cu/TiC Composites

An approach named direct reaction synthesis (DRS) has been developed to fabricate particulate composites with an extremely fine reinforcement size. ID situ Al matrix composites were fabri-cated by DRS. Extensive analysis of the composites microstructure using SEM and TEM identify that the reinforcement formed during the DRS process is Ti carbide (TiC) particle, generally less than 1.0 μm. The reacted, semisolid extruded samples exhibit a homogeneous distribution of fine TiC particles in Al-Cu matrix, Mechanical property evaluation of the composites has revealed a very high tensile strength relative to the matrix alloy. Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure although the ductility and strength are limited by the presence of coarse titanium aluminides (Al3Ti).     

Microstructure evolution and densification behavior of TiC/316L composite powders during cold/warm die compaction and solid-state sintering: 3D particulate scale numerical modelling and experimental validation

To identify the microstructure evolution and densification behavior of TiC/316L composites in powder metallurgy (PM) process, 3D particulate scale numerical simulations were conducted to reproduce the cold/warm compaction and solid-state sintering of TiC/316L composite powders with corresponding physical experiments being carried out for model validation. The effects of compaction parameters and sintering temperature on the densification behavior of TiC/316L composite powders were systemically investigated. The particle deformation and morphology, stress/strain and microstructure evolutions, and grain size distribution in the whole process were characterized and compared to further illustrate the densification behavior and the underlying dynamics/mechanisms. The results show that compared with the cold compaction, the warm compaction can not only achieve higher relative density, smaller and more uniform equivalent stress, and weaker spring back effect, but also improve the friction condition among powder particles. The plastic deformation of 316L particles is the main densification mechanism during compaction. In the solid-state sintering of TiC/316L compacts, the densification is mainly indicated by shrinkage and vanishing of large residual pores along with the growth of the sintering necks, accompanied by the particle movement and growth along the boundary regions. Meanwhile, the particle displacement and grain size distribution are more uniform in the warm compacted TiC/316L component. Moreover, the equivalent (von Mises) stress in 316L particles is smaller than that in TiC particles.     

Fabrication of in situ TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites

In the present work, the room and elevated temperature mechanical behavior of Al/TiC, high-strength Al-Si/TiC and the elevated temperature-resistant Al-Fe(-V-Si)/TiC composites has been evaluated. The microstructural characteristics of ingot metallurgy (IM) or rapid solidification (RS) Al-Si/TiC and Al-Fe(-V-Si)/TiC composites could be thought of as a combination of the related alloy matrix microstructures and the IM or RS Al/TiC composites. The IM Al/TiC and the Al-Si/TiC composites show superior strength and ductility to the relevant aluminum based composites.The RS Al/TiC and the Al-Fe-V-Si/TiC exhibit high Young's moduli and substantial improvements in room and elevated temperature tensile properties compared to those of rapidly solidified alloys and conventional composites.The Young's modulus values of RS Al/TiC and Al-Fe-V-Si/TiC composites are well within Hashin-Shtrikman limits in keeping with the strong interfacial bonding. In the micromechanics approach, the principal strengthening mechanisms for the present dispersed particle-hardened RS in situ Al-TiC composites would include Orowan strengthening, grain-size and substructure strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening. The RS technique was used in the present work to maximize strength and ductility for a particular volume fraction, and influence the degree of flexibility available to meet these requirements: a fine, uniform particle size distribution; a high interfacial strength; control of particle shape; and a ductile matrix.     

Wettability and phase formation in TiC/Al-alloys assemblies

The effect of alloying elements on the wetting behavior of TiC substrates by commercial aluminum alloys (1010, 2024, 6061, 7075) and its relation to phase formation at the metal–ceramic interface was investigated at 900 °C using a sessile drop technique. It was found that wetting behavior in Al-alloys/TiC is typical of reactive systems, furthermore, wettability of TiC by pure Al-1010 was better than the alloys. Interface examination revealed the formation of Al₄C₃ in all the cases; the thickness of the reaction layer varied within the samples and was discontinuous in nature, particularly for the 7075/TiC and 6061/TiC systems, which exhibited poor wetting. The formation of alloyed phases in the ceramic surface decreased the amount of the undesirable Al₄C₃ at the metal/ceramic interface.     

Improving Densification and Mechanical Properties of FeAl/TiC Composites by Addition of Ni

FeAl/TiC composites were fabricated by pressing blended elemental powders,The effects of Ni-doping on the densification and mechanical properties of the compostes were studied.Results show that density of the composites decreases with the content of TiC increasing ,and the addition of Ni significantly improves the densification process by enhancing mass transfer in the bonding phase,The mechanical properties of the composites are closely related with their porostiy ,Besides increasin the density of the comosites,the addition of Ni improves the mechanical properties by other three effects:solution-strengthening the bonding phase,strengthening the FeAl-TiC interface and increasing ductile fracture in FeAl phase.     

Si3N4/TiC纳米复合陶瓷材料R曲线行为

在微米Si3N4基体中加入亚微米Si3N4及纳米TiC颗粒,热压烧结制备出力学性能良好的Si3N4/TiC纳米复合陶瓷材料。采用压痕-弯曲强度法测定了复合材料的裂纹扩展阻力曲线(R曲线)。结果表明:材料呈现出上升的阻力曲线特性,显示出增强的抗裂纹扩展能力。其中,加入质量分数为10%亚微米Si3N4颗粒和15%纳米TiC颗粒的复合材料显示出较为优越的抗裂纹扩展能力,其阻力曲线上升最陡,上升幅度最大。分析表明:弥散的TiC粒子同基体之间弹性模量和热膨胀失配以及Si3N4类晶须拔出与桥联补强协同增韧,有助于纳米复合材料抑制主裂纹失稳扩展,导致复合材料的阻力曲线行为。