水热合成KAl(OH)2CO3粉体的形貌控制

分别采用AlCl3·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·6H2O,Al2(SO4)3·12H2O为前驱体在水热条件下合成了KAl(OH)2CO3粉体.实现了KAl(OH)2CO3粉体的微观形貌从纤维状微米级颗粒到柱状两维纳米级颗粒的控制.XRD、TEM等的分析结果表明,水热体系中的铝盐种类、阴离子浓度以及反应时间等条件对所合成产物的颗粒形貌有显著的影响.其中Al(NO3)3是合成KAl(OH)2CO3的最佳前驱物,当[NO-3-]=1.2mol/L时,在120℃,反应4h条件下合成的粉体颗粒直径小于20nm,长径比约为5,且外形规整,粒度分布均匀,没有团聚.     

PbSnO_3/膨润土复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的脱色性能

以钠基膨润土为载体,硝酸铅[Pb(NO3)2]和结晶四氯化锡(SnCl45H_2O)为原料,采用水热合成法制备出PbSnO3/膨润土复合光催化剂。以甲基橙为目标降解物,在自然光照条件下,研究PbSnO3/膨润土复合光催化剂对甲基橙的脱色性能,实验表明:光照时间30min,催化剂用量为50mg/L,膨润土负载比为5%时脱色率达到91%以上。     

Zn2+掺杂BiFeO3粉体的制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Zn2+掺杂BiFeO3光催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS以及PPMS等分析技术对其进行表征,以甲基橙溶液为降解物,考察了Zn2+∶BiFeO3的可见光光催化活性。结果表明:当Zn2+的掺杂量为1%(质量分数)时能有效提高BiFeO3的催化活性,可见光辐照10h后甲基橙溶液的脱色率达47.3%。     

掺杂钒酸铋的光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,水热法合成了单斜相BiVO4粉体。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射对所合成产物进行了表征,并与高温固相法合成的产物进行了对比。用浸渍法对水热法合成产物进行了9种元素的掺杂,对掺杂BiVO4进行了光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能的研究。结果表明,Cu掺杂BiVO4显示出最大的光催化降解速率,2h降解率可达82%,而Ce掺杂降解能力降低,Si掺杂提高了吸附性。     

水热可控合成多面体BiFeO3颗粒

以Bi(NO)3·5H2O和Fe(NO)3·9H2O为水热反应原料,选择KOH作为矿化剂合成单相BiFeO3.通过调节KOH浓度和升降温速率可控合成了规则的大尺度多面体BiFeO3颗粒.发现高碱浓度有利于合成规则多面体BiFeO3颗粒,合适的水热降温速率是影响高结晶度BiFeO3颗粒合成的重要因素之一.当KOH浓度为6和8 mol/L,降温速率为0.2℃/min时,产物为高结晶度准立方和截角立方颗粒,当降温速率调节为0.1℃/min时,产物为表面粗糙的立方八面体和截角八面体颗粒.当KOH浓度为8 mol/L,降温速率约为2℃/min时,产物为表面粗糙且有孔洞的截角立方颗粒.通过扫描电镜图片观察到其形貌演变过程并解释了大尺度多面体BiFeO3颗粒的形成机制.     

水热合成棒状氧化钇粉体的生长过程和生长机理的研究

以氨水作为矿化剂,硝酸钇为原料,利用低温水热法合成棒状纳米晶和微米晶。进一步利用XRD、SEM、TEM对水热合成产物进行了表征。研究结果表明,在pH值=9、水热合成温度80℃、反应时间为4h时得到低结晶度的片状水合氧化钇纳米晶。随水热反应的进行,无定形水合硝酸氧钇在高温高压条件下开始结晶形成Y2(OH)5(NO3).H2O,随着水热反应温度和压力的进一步升高,组成由Y2(OH)5(NO3).H2O逐渐向Y4O(OH)9(NO3)转变。当合成温度升高到180℃,合成了结晶度完好的水合硝酸氧钇棒型微米晶。经过600℃的热处理成功得到了棒状结构的氧化钇。水热条件下不同形貌水合硝酸氧钇的生长过程遵循溶解-再结晶机制,并且存在重结晶生长。     

钛酸铋纳米粉体的水热合成研究

讨论了水热合成条件(原料种类、摩尔配比、反应温度和晶化时间)对水热法制备钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和TiCl4为原料,NaOH为矿化剂,在180～230℃和2～12h的水热条件下,制备出Bi4Ti3O12纳米粉体.XRD结果表明它是典型的层状钙钛矿结构.TEM观察表明,Bi4Ti3O12纳米晶是方形片状的,无团聚,晶粒边长分布为80～250nm,平均长度约200nm.     

Fe3+/Bi3+对纯相BiFeO3薄膜的影响及生长机理研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,柠檬酸为螯合剂,用液相自组装法,在ITO玻璃基片上制备了纯相BiFeO3薄膜.研究了前驱液中Fe3+/Bi3+摩尔比对BiFeO3薄膜的影响.利用XRD,EDS,XPS,FE-SEM和FT-IR等测试手段对BiFeO3薄膜进行了表征.结果表明,由于柠檬酸对...     

pH值对液相自组装法制备纯相BiFeO3薄膜的影响

采用液相自组装法,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,Fe(NO3)3· 9H2O为原料,柠稼酸为螯合剂,以OTS单分子层为模板,在ITO玻璃基片上成功制备了BiFeO3晶态薄膜.研究了前驱液pH值对BiFeO3薄膜的影响.利用XRD,EDS和SEM等测试手段对在不同pH值下沉积的BiFeO3薄膜进行了表征.结果表明,由于Bi...     

水热合成制备纳米铁酸铜及其表征

为获得粒径小且分布均匀的铁酸铜(CuFe2O4)粉体,本文中以硝酸铜、硝酸铁及氢氧化钠为反应原料,采用水热法合成了纳米CuFe2O4粉体,研究了前驱体组分、反应温度、保温时间和表面活性剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)对CuFe2O4粉体制备的影响;用X射线衍射(XRD)、粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(IR)等分析方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明,前驱体中NO3-的存在将导致产物中铁酸亚铜CuFeO2的产生;在反应温度为320℃、以PVA作分散剂、保温3h的水热条件下可合成纳米CuFe2O4粉体。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.