水体中有机磷和有机氯农药应急监测方法研究

建立车载式气相色谱质谱联用仪结合固相微萃取前处理技术测定水体中有机磷农药和有机氯农药的方法。通过对萃取头类型、萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度和搅拌速度等影响萃取效率因素的研究,获得优化的试验条件,在此条件下,具有相关性好(r≥0.9901)、检出限低(0.12～0.38μg/L)、精密度好(RSD%≤12.6%)、准确度高(回收率在81.8%～98.5%之间)的特点。该方法能快速、有效地对水体中的7种有机磷农药和17种有机氯农药进行定性分析和定量检测,适用于水体中有机磷和有机氯农药污染的应急监测工作。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定葡萄酒中16种有机磷农药残留

利用固相萃取(SPE)/气相色谱火焰光度(GC-FPD)技术建立了葡萄酒中16种有机磷农药残留量分析方法。样品加水稀释,过HLB小柱和LC-NH2小柱净化,浓缩、定容后,用气相色谱测定,外标法定量。各农药的方法定量限(LOQ)均为为0.01 mg/kg。添加回收实验,16种有机磷农药添加浓度为0.01-0.10 mg/kg时,添加回收率为65.3-92.3%,变异系数≤10%。     

分散固相散萃取_气相色谱法测定鱼肉中9种有机磷农药残留

建立了同时检测鱼肉中9种有机磷类农药残留的分散固相萃取-气相色谱联用方法。样品经乙腈进行提取,PSA、GCB和C18进行分散固相萃取净化,结合气相色谱法定性定量分析。添加样品的回收率为70.1%~80.4%,相对标准偏差在5.0%~10.2%,方法最低检出限为0.005~0.01 mg/kg。该法简便、准确,适用于鱼肉中9种有机磷农药残留量的检测。     

QuEChERS提取-气相色谱法测定木棉花中有机磷类残留

建立同时测定木棉花中9种有机磷农药的Qu ECh ERS提取-气相色谱快速检测方法。样品经乙腈溶解,Qu ECh ERS试剂萃取,分散固相萃取净化后,气相色谱-火焰光度检测器检测,在优化条件下,结果显示:9种农药均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.995,检出限为0.012~0.316mg/kg,加标回收率为81.6%~103.4%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~4.8%。该方法具有检测结果准确可靠、简便快速等优点。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法检测花草茶农残

采用乙腈提取样品中的农药残留,用固相萃取技术对提取液进行分离、净化,最后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析检测花草茶中28种农药残留。结果表明,有机氯农药在0.005～0.5mg/L之间,有机磷农药在0.005～0.5mg/L之间,拟除虫菊酯类农药在0.01～1.0mg/L之间线性关系良好。花草茶中各类农药组分在3个水平上的回收率均在70.21%～118.65%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在1.79%～13.47%之间,各类花草茶中均检测出有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类的微量农药残留,说明气相色谱-质谱联用技术适用于花草茶中的微量农残检测。     

镁铝铁层状金属氢氧化物固相萃取有机磷农药的研究

建立镁铝铁层状金属氢氧化物(Mg-Al-Fe-LDH)复合材料固相萃取气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)测定水中的敌敌畏,乐果,氯吡硫磷,水胺硫磷的分析方法。复合材料用量为2 g,萃取12 min,二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂,洗脱剂用量为2 mL,洗脱时间1 min,4种农药的质量浓度在0.01~10 ng/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,方法相对标准偏差在1.1%~3.6%之间,检出限范围为0.001~0.03 ng/mL。测定稻田水中敌敌畏、乐果、氯吡硫磷和水胺硫磷的加标回收率在95.0%~120.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.2%~6.5%之间。Mg-Al-Fe-LDH中铁取代部分铝进入层板,Fe3+的4s能级上有空轨道,可以与有机磷农药中含有孤对电子的磷和硫生成配位键,进一步增强对农药的吸附能力。基于Mg-Al-Fe-LDH固相萃取建立的分析方法检出限低,准确度高,能够满足水体中痕量有机磷农药的测定要求。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中的有机磷农药研究

随着传统的气相色谱法越来越不能满足时代发展的要求,为了建立有效的水种有机磷农药的测定方法,决定采用固相萃取-气相色谱火焰光度组合的检测方法,对生活饮用水之中存在的甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乐果及对硫磷采用固相萃取方法进行萃取浓缩,使用DB-1701型毛细管色谱柱进行分离待测组分,结合火焰光度检测器对水中有机磷农药进行测定。通过固相萃取一气相色谱火焰光度组合的检测方法得出结论,当水中存在的六种有机磷质量浓缩度在0．5—25．0μg/L的范围内时,各个组分的标准曲线存在的线性相关系数R会在O．9999之上,下限处于0．3～0．5μg／L,相对的标准偏差在0．52％-0．98％范围内,其加标回收率达到了82．0％-107．3％,这种测定方法体现了回收率高、重现眭好的优势。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定洋葱中129种农药残留

建立了组合柱固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定洋葱中129种农药残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈均质提取,盐析分配,提取液经C18和PSA组合柱固相萃取净化后供气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析。采用选择离子扫描方式,外标法定量。该方法简便、快速,通过优化前处理和上机条件,在最优条件下进行测试,方法的定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.01~0.1 mg/kg,在加标水平为0.1 mg/kg时,方法回收率为63.2%~113.1%,相对标准偏差为5.3%~14.4%。     

有机磷农药残留前处理技术的研究

本实验主要是利用固相萃取技术对食品中有机磷农药前处理方法进行了研究。对自制的固相萃取小柱的选择参数进行了优化,建立合适的样品提取、净化、浓缩的前处理方法,确保色谱分析测定时无样品基质的干扰,从而为测定的结果提供了保证,并延长色谱柱的寿命,降低了实验成本。茶叶样品以丙酮为提取剂,超声波30 min后,经florisil柱(1000mg)+活性炭(50mg)混合柱浓缩净化,用10 mL的乙酸乙酯淋洗后,经色谱分析验证,所得回收率在73.7%以上,RSD在4.1%以下,结果令人满意。     

固相微萃取技术用于牛奶中有机氯类农药残留的检测

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定牛奶中16种有机氯类农药残留的方法。对萃取模式、纤维涂层、萃取温度等实验条件进行了优化。用HP-5 MS弹性石英毛细管柱经柱程序升温技术分离,并用质谱检测器检测,外标法计算含量。待测农药的标准加入回收率在80%～110%之间,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤9.6%,各农药组分的检出限为0.003μg/kg～0.15μg/kg。所测样品不含几种有机氯农药残留。本法简便、干扰小、检测效果好,可用于牛奶中有机氯类农药残留的检测。     

Monitoring of the pesticide levels in some water supplies and agricultural land, in El-Haram, Giza (A.R.E.)

Monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted at different locations in the El-Haram region Giza, Egypt. The water samples were collected from El-Haram Giza, canal water supplies (El-Zomor, Abd-el-aal land and seaside and El-Mansorya), in addition to El-Moheet drainage water. The soil samples were collected from the arable land that surrounds water canals. Water samples were obtained by solid phase extraction (SPE) and soil samples by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The combination of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy with different ionization techniques was used for determination and identification of the pesticides, which were quantitatively determined as 1 microgram 1(-1) levels in environmental samples. The residues of pesticides were varied between different locations. Also, organochlorine pesticide residues in El-Moheet drainage water were relatively higher than in the canal water. The concentrations of organophosphorous compounds (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and parathion) seem to be low in water as compared to soil samples. Most findings were less than 1 microgram g(-1), which is considered a low-level finding. Sixteen organochlorine pesticides were detected in most of the water samples and the percent of positive samples followed the order drins > total BHC > total DDT > endosulfan > heptachlor epoxid > heptachlor. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was detected only in El-Zomor and Abd-el-aal canal water. Results obtained confirm the presence of different pesticide residues representing different chemical classes in the canal waters. This means that the discharging of wastes in to the water supplies must be controlled. Drainage water was highly polluted and contains much more pesticide residues than different canal waters.     

地表水中有机磷农残测定的前处理方法比较

分别采用液液萃取法和固相萃取法提取地表水样品中的有机磷农药残留。液液萃取法的方法检出限为0.05~0.2 ng/mL,加标回收率为86%~103%,相对标准偏差为2%~7%;固相萃取法的方法检出限为0.03~0.05 ng/mL,加标回收率为49%~118%,相对标准偏差为5%~18%。液液萃取法处理不同类型基体水样的测试稳定性较好,固相萃取法则对于洁净环境水体中痕量有机磷农药残留的富集更为适用。     

Detection of malathion, fenthion and methidathion by using heparin-reduced gold nanoparticles

Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles were utilized for the detection of organophosphorous pesticides. Heparin, one of glycosaminoglycans, was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The reaction conditions were optimized, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopic images revealed gold nanoparticles of various shapes. Organophosphorous pesticides in water were detected by simply mixing them with gold nanoparticles. NaCl induced a color change in the mixed solution from wine-red to purple-blue that was dependent on the pesticide concentration in the range of 10-1,000 ppb. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on a silica gel matrix in order to prepare solid supports for removing pesticides. The incorporation of atomic gold and heparin bound to 2 g of silica gel was determined 4,058 ppm and 33 microg as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry and carbazole assay, respectively. AuNPs-immobilized silica gel columns were successfully applied for removing fenthion in water confirmed by RP-HPLC and FT-IR analyses.     

用气相色谱法对水中有机磷农药的测定

本文采用固相萃取法预处理,然后用带有火焰光度检测器(FPD)的气相色谱仪测定有机磷农药。结果表明,该法具有简单、快速、准确的持点。     

自动固相萃取与气相色谱--质谱联用测定水中有机磷农药

采用自动固相萃取法预处理,用气相色谱-质谱仪测定有机磷农药。最低检出限在0.10~0.30mg/L之间,水样加标回收率为75%~105%,样品经5次重复测定后相对标准偏差均小于6.0%。结果表明,该法具有简单、快速、准确的特点。     

Identification and quantification of 77 pesticides in groundwater using solid phase coupled to liquid-liquid microextraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography

This paper describes a method for the extraction, separation, identification, and quantification of 77 pesticides (neutral, acidic, and basic) including some s-triazine metabolites. The method is appropriate for organically (e.g. with humic acids) highly loaded groundwater samples. A comparative study of a pH-controlled mixed solid phase (LiChroprep RP18/LiChrolut EN) extraction with different desorption solvents (acetonitrile or acetonitrile and dichloromethane/methanol) is elaborated. A subsequent liquid-liquid microextraction reduces matrix effects. The pesticides in the sample are separated using RP-HPLC, detected, and identified by diode array. The efficiency is illustrated on a natural groundwater sample from a phreatic aquifer.     

Development of a Solid Phase Carbon Trap for Simultaneous Determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and Pesticides in Environmental Samples Using SFE-LC

The purpose of this study was to find materials that can be used as a solid phase trap in a commercial supercritical fluid extraction instrument. PX-21 active carbon mixed with ODS proved to yield the best results. After SFE of the target compounds, the planar fraction containing the environmental pollutants PCDDs, PCDFs, and planar PCBs was successfully separated on a PX-21 solid phase trap from the nonplanar fraction containing the other PCBs and pesticides. Direct injection of the concentrated fractions on GC/MS was possible without further cleanup. SFE followed by on-line carbon column chromatography was tested using standard solutions (applied on filter paper) as well as biological samples (human adipose tissue).     

Determination of carbamate, urea, and thiourea pesticides and herbicides in water

Microbore liquid chromatography and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry are applied to the determination of 16 carbamate, urea, and thiourea pesticides and herbicides in water. The electrospray mass spectra of the analytes were measured and are discussed and mobile-phase matrix effects were evaluated. Analyte positive ion abundances are generally inversely related to the concentration of acetic acid in the acetonitrile-water mobile phase in the range of 0.001-0.1% (v/v) acetic acid. Using an internal standard for quantitative analyses and no acid in the mobile phase, retention time precision, peak width precision, concentration measurement precision, mean recoveries, and instrument detection limits were determined in reagent water. The 16 analytes were also measured in fortified environmental water samples from a recreational lake, a groundwater well, a cistern, a farm pond, and drinking water. These measurements were at 5 ng/mL of each analyte, which is within the range expected for environmental pesticide and herbicide contaminants. The analytes were separated from the environmental water matrixes with an on-line extraction and concentration to provide rapid sample analyses without a slow off-line liquid-liquid or liquid-solid-liquid extraction and extract concentration. Recoveries of 12 of the analytes from 4 environmental water samples were in the range of 75-124% with relative standard deviations in the range of 11-16%.