冷拉变形及退火对新型70Cu-1Sn黄铜组织和性能的影响

本文研究了不同冷拉变形量和退火处理对新型70Cu-1Sn黄铜显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在铜锌二元合金中加入少量Sn、Al、P、Ni合金元素构成了新型的70Cu-1Sn合金,合金元素以固溶体的形式存在于晶粒内部,合金为α单相组织。随着冷拉拔变形量增大,沿着冷拉拔方向晶粒的变形程度逐渐增大,当变形量达43%时出现片状纤维组织;衍射峰宽化程度逐渐增大,没有发生相变或者有序化转变。加工硬化过程中合金的硬度、抗拉强度、脱锌腐蚀深度和腐蚀电流密度快速增加,但其伸长率、腐蚀电位逐渐降低,导致合金耐腐蚀性逐渐变差。退火态的合金以等轴晶为主,晶粒内部有一定数量的退火孪晶,其脱锌腐蚀深度约为17μm,其脱锌腐蚀深度远小于加工率43%的合金的155μm,其腐蚀电位最高且电流密度最小。     

添加钼对锆合金性能的影响研究

添加合金元素来提高锆合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,近年来受到研究学者的广泛关注。概述了加钼锆合金的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,着重介绍了添加钼元素对锆合金力学性能、耐腐蚀性能、微观组织、形变织构、第二相等方面的影响。在锆-铌合金中添加适量的钼,再通过适当的热机械处理,可以得到高强度、耐腐蚀、晶粒细小的锆合金。     

静电喷涂聚酰亚胺涂层的防腐蚀性能

聚酰亚胺(PI)在防腐蚀方面前景良好,但目前国内报道不多。采用静电喷涂的方法在N80钢表面制备了一种聚酰亚胺防腐蚀涂层。通过盐雾试验、浸泡试验评价了涂层在不同腐蚀环境中的耐蚀性能;通过硬度测试和抗冲击试验评价了涂层的力学性能;采用红外光谱、电化学方法交流阻抗、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)等方法研究了涂层的失效过程。结果表明:涂层耐盐雾性能良好,3 080 h盐雾试验后仅表面发生微观物理破坏,在人工划痕处产生少量腐蚀产物;涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液和25%HCl溶液中耐蚀性能优异,电化学性能不随时间发生显著变化,但在涂层表面产生少量微观缺陷;涂层力学性能良好,但提高腐蚀介质温度会使得力学性能下降。     

晶粒尺寸对304奥氏体不锈钢组织演变和性能的影响

研究了初始织构相近而晶粒尺寸不同的304奥氏体不锈钢在后续10%压缩变形和热处理过程中微观组织、力学和耐蚀性的变化。结果表明,具有相似织构而晶粒尺寸不同的样品变形热处理后其织构不同,粗晶在变形中织构的变化更大;织构相近时抗拉强度对晶粒尺寸的依赖较大;织构不同时,织构对硬度和抗拉强度的影响大于晶粒尺寸和微应变的影响;变形热处理后普通大角度晶界和晶内微应变的增大降低了试样的耐腐蚀性能;初始晶粒尺寸较小的试样在变形热处理后出现四种密排面平行于外表面的织构,其耐点蚀的性能更优。     

稀土元素对轧制Mg–Zn–Zr合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响

目的 为了使Mg–Zn–Zr合金在热加工过后具有良好的力学性能及变形各向同性,在Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr合金中添加不同含量的稀土元素,研究稀土元素对Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr合金轧制后微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,以解决变形镁合金织构强、变形各向异性强的问题。方法 通过添加不同含量(0.2%和0.8%,质量分数)的混合稀土元素,采用轧制的方法制备镁合金板材。通过SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、EDS(能谱仪)、EBSD(背散射电子衍射)和电子万能试验机等对镁合金板材的成分、微观组织、织构以及拉伸过程中的应力–应变曲线进行分析。结果 混合稀土元素的添加会明显提高Mg–Zn–Zr合金板材的轧制成形性,可以起到细化晶粒、弱化轧制织构的作用,能够提高材料的伸长率并改善力学性能的各向异性。混合稀土元素会与Mg、Zn在晶界处形成第二相,但并不会影响稀土元素的织构弱化效果。与较低稀土元素(质量分数为0.2%)时相比,当混合稀土元素含量较高时(质量分数为0.8%),合金材料的力学性能各向异性更优,这主要是由于添加较多的稀土元素,形成了 织构,使添加较多稀土元素的合金材料的织构强度更强。结论 随着混合稀土元素的添加,Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr合金的织构强度先降低后升高,并且随着材料织构弱化,材料力学性能的各向异性减弱。     

Effect of different processings on mechanical property and corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy for cardiovascular stent application

The biomagnesium alloys have been considered to be one of the most potential biodegradable metal materials due to its good mechanical compatibility, biological compatibility, biological security and biodegradable characteristics. However, the two major problems of high degradation rates in physiological environment and low mechanical properties prevent the development of biomagnesium alloys. In the present work, the samples of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy were prepared by cyclic extrusion compression （CEC） and equal channel angular pressing （ECAP）. The microstructures, mechanical properties of alloy and its corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid （SBF） were evaluated. The results reveal that Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy consists of equiaxial fine grain structure with the homogeneous distribution of micrometer size and nano-sized second phase, which was caused by the dynamic recrystallization during the ECAP and CEC. The corrosion resistance of alloy was improved. The tensile and corrosion resistance were improved, especially the processed alloy exhibit uniform corrosion performances and decreased corrosion rate. This will provide theoretical ground for Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy as vascular stent application.     

A high strength,wear and corrosion-resistant,antibacterial and biocompatible Nb-5 at.％ Ag alloy for dental and orthopedic implants

Refractory metal niobium (Nb) incorporated with a small amount of silver (Ag),the resulting Nb-Ag two-phase alloys,were fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.The microstructure,mechanical properties,wear resistance,corrosion behavior,in vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of the Nb-Ag alloys were systematically investigated.The results show that the mechanical properties,wear resistance,corrosion resistance and antibacterial ability were significantly enhanced after addition of 5 at.％ Ag.The fabricated Nb-5 at.％ Ag alloy demonstrates high yield strength of up to ～ 1486 MPa and fracture strain of ～ 35 ％.The precipitated Ag particles could reduce friction and wear.The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the higher relative density of the sintered alloys and the formation of a stable and dense passive film of niobium and silver oxides.In vitro and in vivo evaluations show that the Nb-5 at.％ Ag alloy also has strong antibacterial activity and good biocompati-bility and osteointegration ability.These results demonstrate great potential of the nanostructured Nb-Ag alloys for dental and orthopedic implants.     

Mechanical,corrosion and magnetic behavior of a CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 high entropy alloy

In this study,a magnetic high entropy alloy (HEA) of CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 was designed and prepared by arc melting in order to investigate its mechanical,corrosion and magnetic behavior.The results show that the alloy mainly possesses body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and face-centered cubic (FCC) phase.A high compressive strength of 1450 MPa,a strain of 18.5 ％ and a relatively low yield strength of 303 MPa in as-cast condition at room temperature can be achieved in the present alloy.In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technique was employed to reveal the deformation mechanism of CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 under uniaxial compression and the results show that the competition between BCC phase and FCC phase plays a significant role during the compressive process.The corrosion behavior of CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 was investigated in 3.5 wt％ NaCl solution and it turned out that the alloy possessed good corrosion resistance.At last,the magnetic behavior of the CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 alloy was studied and it can present a high saturation magnetization of 94.5 emu/g and a coercivity of 26.4Oe at 4 K.This work indicates that the present CoFeMn1.2NiGa0.8 HEA has promising applications as future magnetic functional materials.     

Ti150合金离心叶轮锻件工艺优化

目的 解决Ti150合金离心叶轮锻件低倍组织不均匀和锻件力学性能离散性较大的问题。方法 通过对锻件进行金相组织分析,再利用EBSD、DEFORM等工具分析锻件成形时应变分布及组织特点,探索低倍组织不均匀和锻件力学性能离散性较大的原因及解决方法。通过对棒材进行六方拔长、倒棱、平头和滚圆等处理,实现从圆棒到六方形再到圆棒的变形过程(改锻),使棒材各部位的变形均匀,达到消除微织构的目的。结果 对棒材进行反复镦拔(改锻),可有效消除棒材中的微织构并改善低倍组织的不均匀,是控制锻件力学性能离散性的重要措施。结论 中间坯组织的均匀性是影响低倍组织不均匀和锻件力学性能离散性的主要因素,通过对棒材进行改锻,Ti150合金离心叶轮锻件的组织及力学性能优异,满足相应的技术要求。     

Effect of heat treatment on the structure,mechanical properties,and corrosion characteristics of VTZ-1 alloy

Summary The mechanical and corrosion characteristics of type VTZ -1 alloy are substantially affected by both the temperature and duration of annealing.The highest values of the mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion correspond to annealing at 600°C, the lowest resistance to corrosion corresponds to annealing at 700°C.When the usually recommended aging temperature of 500°C is employed, the mechanical properties of the alloy reach their maximum values after 2 hr, the resistance of the alloy to the corrosive action of sulfuric acid being at its highest after 2–5 hr aging.     

立方织构Ni-Cr-Mo-W合金薄带及其性能

为了得到高份额立方织构金属基带,同时兼顾居里温度和屈服强度的要求,设计了Ni-7.8%Cr-1.1%Mo-1.6%W(原子分数)合金。采用冷坩埚悬浮熔炼技术冶炼合金铸锭,铸锭经过锻造、热轧、冷轧和再结晶退火,最终得到厚度为100μm的合金薄带。采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对合金薄带再结晶织构进行了表征,并研究了其磁性能及力学性能。结果表明:经大变形量冷轧和优化的两步法退火后Ni-7.8%Cr-1.1%Mo-1.6%W合金薄带立方织构份额为93.4%,小角晶界体积分数为84.5%;合金薄带的居里温度为25K,远低于77K;合金薄带室温下的屈服强度为182 MPa,与Ni-5%W合金相当,且抗拉性能十分优异。     

新型Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的微观组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能

设计了新型高钙铝比Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金,通过常温拉伸、失重法、pH测定和电化学测试等方法研究了合金的常温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了基体和腐蚀产物相结构、合金显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,这种镁锂合金形成Al2Ca相包围双基体(α-Mg+β-Li)的结构,挤压后基体组织和第二相粒子均明显细化。Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的耐腐蚀性能优于一般镁锂合金,且随着挤压比的增大进一步提升。该合金的力学性能协调了镁锂合金的优良塑性和高钙铝比镁合金的高强度,拥有较高的抗拉强度(222 MPa)和延伸率(8.3%)。     

阳极Sn含量对焦磷酸盐电镀低锡Cu-Sn合金层性能的影响

为改善焦磷酸盐电镀Cu-Sn合金层的耐蚀性能差、镀速慢、结合力差等问题,用失重试验、形貌成分分析及电化学技术等方法,研究了阳极中Sn含量对焦磷酸盐电镀Cu-Sn合金层的沉积速率、腐蚀速率、腐蚀过程和微观形貌等的影响。结果表明:当阳极中Sn含量(质量分数)为25%时,Cu-Sn合金镀层的沉积速率较大[6.32mg/(cm2·h)],镀层中Sn含量为5.80%,属于低锡青铜,镀层耐蚀性好,在5%H2SO4溶液中的失重腐蚀速率最小,为0.011 8 mg/(cm2·h),腐蚀电流密度较小(84.7μA/cm2),腐蚀电位最正(-0.405 V),腐蚀倾向最小;CuSn合金镀层的包状物颗粒大小均匀、排列紧密、无明显的表面缺陷,镀层与基体结合良好。     

Effect of aging treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy in aqueous solutions with different aggressive ions

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy(namely 7×××)after natural aging treatment(NAT)and artificial aging treatment(AAT)in aqueous NaCl solutions containing different aggressive ions have been investigated in current work.Results of microstructure characterization demonstrate that the aging treatment has a great influence on the grain size and precipitates.The grain size is relatively sizeable and no evident precipitates are observed in alloy after NAT comparable with that after AAT.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloy was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion potential(E_corr)of the aluminum alloy is more negative in 3.5 wt.%NaCl containing 0.052 wt.%NaHSO₃solution than that in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solutions with or without 0.907 wt.%NaHCO₃.Charge transfer resistance(Rct)results reveal that alloy after AAT has an enhancement of corrosion resistance compare with that after NAT.With the immersion time increasing,mostly pitting spreads over the surface of the alloy only in NaCl solution,whereas exfoliation corrosion mainly occurs in NaCl solutions containing NaHSO₃or NaHCO₃.     

铝合金的织构及测试分析研究进展

织构广泛存在于铝合金制品中,并影响着材料的一系列性能,包括强度、延展性、成形性和腐蚀性等。介绍了目前织构的一般测试分析方法,主要阐述了铝合金制造加工过程中产生的各种类型织构,如铸造织构、变形织构和再结晶织构等以及它们的演变规律,分析了铝合金加工工艺对材料最终的织构成分及织构强弱的影响,并揭示了厚板铝合金轧制和铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接过程中产生的不均匀分布织构,以及其对材料性能的影响。最后介绍了铝合金织构的应用情况,并对铝合金织构的研究前景进行了展望,提出了在线织构检测技术,将是未来铝合金织构测试分析的主要发展方向之一。     

强塑性变形在铝合金中的研究进展

在过去20年中,强塑性变形技术作为制备超细晶金属及其合金的一种方法被广泛研究.主要介绍了强变形技术在铝合金中的研究进展,特别是对铝合金晶粒大小、晶界、晶体织构及第二相等微观组织参数,强度、塑性、疲劳、腐蚀及超塑性等力学性能的影响.     

稀土在镁合金中作用的研究现状

稀土元素在镁合金中具有阻燃、净化熔体等作用,能有效改善合金的铸造性能;可细化显微组织、形成准晶相、抑制形变织构,提高镁合金的室温及高温强度和塑韧性等力学性能;并改变镁合金表面腐蚀层结构、控制阴极相数量和分布以及影响电化学过程,从而改善镁合金的耐腐蚀性能。总结了利用稀土元素改善镁合金组织性能的研究现状,并对稀土镁合金的发展前景进行了展望。     

Enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze via hot rolling process

The mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of as-cast, as-annealed and hot-rolled nickelaluminum bronze(NAB) alloy(Cu-9 Al-10 Ni-4 Fe-1.2 Mn, all in wt.%) in 3.5 wt.% Na Cl solution were investigated. The results show that annealing introduces a large number of k phases to precipitate in the k phase. However, after further hot rolling, the original continuous k phases are spheroidized and dispersed, increasing the strength, hardness, and elongation of the alloy. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance of the NAB samples is also improved significantly by hot rolling, as revealed by the mass loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and cross-sectional corrosion morphology. Selective phase corrosion occurs by the preferential corrosion of the k phase, which acts as an anode to the k phases, and the uncorroded k phases are retained in the corrosion product film. The interfaces between the k phases and the surrounding corrosion products become discontinuous caused by the spheroidization of k phases, reducing the corrosion of the substrate by the corrosive medium via the channels. As a result, the corrosion rate and the maximum local corrosion depth of the hot-rolled NAB sample are greatly reduced.     

Fe和Ce 含量对Galfan合金力学性能及耐蚀性的影响

将真空熔炼的Zn-Fe-Ce中间合金加入到Zn-Al熔池中,制备Zn-5Al-0.1Ce-xFe和Zn-5Al-yCe-0.1Fe合金,分析了Fe和Ce含量对合金显微组织及力学性能的影响,并使用电化学工作站测试了合金的电化学性能。结果表明,在Zn-5Al-0.1Ce合金中Fe含量大于0.02%后会形成颗粒状的FeAl3Znx相。随着Fe含量的增加,FeAl3Znx相和先共晶的η-Zn相增加,Zn-Al共晶组织由层片状向点状转变。添加0.1%以下的Fe可提高Galfan合金的抗拉强度。但随着Fe含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度略有降低,Zn-5Al-0.1Ce-0.02Fe合金的综合力学性能最好。添加0.04%以下的Fe会提升合金耐蚀性。此外,随着Ce含量的增加,Zn-5Al-yCe-0.1Fe合金的抗拉强度有所降低,耐蚀性变化不明显。因此,在生产中需要根据镀层性能要求,严格控制合金液中的Fe和Ce含量。     

加工工艺及表面预处理对B10合金板材抗海生物污着性能的影响

将B10铜镍合金铸锭轧制成板材 ,经不同的变形量和退火温度处理 ,再以不同的方法进行表面处理 ,然后在海水中进行全浸暴露。暴露半年后 ,发现试样的抗污性能相差悬殊。以适当的变形量和 6 5 0℃退火处理并经表面预成膜处理的B10合金板材 ,表现出耐蚀与抗污性能双优。而经不同变形量和 45 0℃退火处理后 ,该合金的耐蚀性能较差 ,表面预成膜处理并不能提高其耐蚀性能 ,而其抗污性能却随变形量的不同而不同。通过电子显微镜观察分析 ,发现该合金的表面腐蚀形貌及微观组织结构与合金抗污性能有对应关系。