考虑零售商风险态度的绿色供应链契约协调模型

以风险中性制造商和风险规避零售商组成的绿色供应链为研究对象,考虑风险规避度和产品绿色度等因素,建立了集中决策博弈模型和制造商领导Stackelberg博弈模型。比较了两博弈模型中,产品绿色度、转移价格、产品价格与风险规避度的相互影响,以及风险规避度对制造商利润和零售商效用的影响。研究表明：(1)在集中决策模型中,零售商的单位产品利润和总利润均为零;(2)在制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈模型中,随着零售商风险规避度的提高,产品价格会逐渐降低;制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈模型中的转移价格大于集中决策模型中的转移价格;(3)收益共享契约能够协调绿色供应链。     

零售商主导下考虑增值物流服务的供应链期权契约协调

在零售商为主导者,生产商为跟随者且承担物流服务的模式下,考虑物流服务价值增值,建立了物流服务水平影响市场需求情形下的两级Stackelberg博弈模型。研究表明,分散决策下生产商的生产量和物流服务水平均低于集中决策下的结果,引入期权契约和物流服务成本共担契约可同时协调生产量和物流服务水平。最后,通过算例验证了上述契约组合的可行性,改变物流服务成本分担比例的取值,分析了零售商期权价格、期望利润以及第一次订购产品量的变化情况。     

第三方负责回收再制造闭环供应链契约设计

以博弈论为基本研究方法,考查了制造商、销售商和第三方物流服务商构成的Stackelberg再制造闭环供应链中,节点企业为了取得最优利润,如何确定产品的批发价、销售价,废旧产品的回收价和回收转移价等,发现在分散决策(非合作博弈)下系统的利润要低于集中决策(合作博弈)下系统的利润。通过设计收入费用共享契约,增加了产品的销售量和废旧产品的回收量,提高了制造商、销售商、第三方物流服务商的利润和消费者的效用,实现了Stackelberg再制造闭环供应链系统的协调。     

基于风险规避的绿色供应链定价研究

为了解决风险规避型厂商在不同市场结构下的绿色供应链定价问题,首先以由一个风险规避的制造商和一个风险规避的零售商组成的二级绿色供应链为背景,考虑了消费者偏好、产品绿色度、厂商风险规避度等因素,构建厂商的期望效用函数,然后运用博弈论的方法建立了集中决策模型和三种分散决策模型。比较分析了这四种模型下的批发价格、产品绿色度和零售价格,并进一步分析了四种模型在制造商与零售商风险态度不同时的情况。最后通过MATLAB软件数值仿真研究了集中决策模型下的风险规避度对批发价格、产品绿色度、零售价格和供应链效用的影响以及产品绿色度对供应链效用的影响。仿真结果表明：在一定市场条件下,制造商风险规避对批发价格的影响程度要大于零售商,而对于产品绿色度、零售价格和供应链效用的影响程度是相同的且负向相关;同时,在固定制造商和零售商的风险规避度为0.5时,最优产品绿色度在3.3~3.4之间,最大产品绿色度为7.8。     

Game theoretic analysis of horizontal carrier coordination with revenue sharing in E-commerce logistics

This paper proposes comparisons among two different competitive power structures with and without horizontal coordination. We conduct a game theoretic analysis on the situation where two logistics service providers compete in an e-commerce logistics market with respect to the order quantity and service level decision on a particular logistics service product. Under a consumer utility-based demand, we acquire the equilibrium order quantity decisions and optimal profits under the centralised setting and decentralised setting. An analytical model is established to examine the existence of the Nash equilibrium in the service game. We then prove that the logistics service demand depends on different competitive power structures with the establishment of Cournot game and Stackelberg game model. The analytical results and the equilibrium analysis of the e-commerce logistics system are investigated. After that, we compare the equilibrium results among the centralised system, Cournot game, and Stackelberg game. To empower the horizontal carrier coordination, we design a revenue sharing contract for the decentralised model. A numerical study illustrates the impact of parameters on the optimal decision variables. In this paper, we prove the effectiveness of horizontal carrier collaboration and explicate the reason for the lower marginal profit in logistics theoretically.     

考虑网络零售商有限IT服务能力的产品定价与广告策略分析

研究了网络零售商有限IT服务能力下产品定价与广告投入问题。首先,建立垄断市场中零售商决策模型,研究发现：零售商广告投入水平、零售价格以及消费者剩余都与零售商IT服务能力正相关。其次,在竞争市场中运用博弈论分别建立了两个零售商Nash静态和Stackelberg动态博弈模型。结果显示,零售商动态博弈中所制定的零售价格高于静态博弈时零售价格,而广告投入水平低于静态博弈时的广告投入水平,并且动态博弈时消费者剩余较小。对于零售商1而言静态博弈时最优服务能力大于动态博弈时的最优服务能力,而零售商2结论相反。最后,分析了消费者时间敏感性和广告敏感性对零售商利润以及最优服务能力的影响。     

Dynamic Resource Pricing and Allocation in Multilayer Satellite Network

The goal of delivering high-quality service has spurred research of 6G satellite communication networks. The limited resource-allocation problem has been addressed by next-generation satellite communication networks, especially multilayer networks with multiple low-Earth-orbit (LEO) and non-low-Earth-orbit (NLEO) satellites. In this study, the resource-allocation problem of a multilayer satellite network consisting of one NLEO and multiple LEO satellites is solved. The NLEO satellite is the authorized user of spectrum resources and the LEO satellites are unauthorized users. The resource allocation and dynamic pricing problems are combined, and a dynamic game-based resource pricing and allocation model is proposed to maximize the market advantage of LEO satellites and reduce interference between LEO and NLEO satellites. In the proposed model, the resource price is formulated as the dynamic state of the LEO satellites, using the resource allocation strategy as the control variable. Based on the proposed dynamic game model, an open-loop Nash equilibrium is analyzed, and an algorithm is proposed for the resource pricing and allocation problem. Numerical simulations validate the model and algorithm.     

Optimal resource assignment through negotiation in a multi-agent manufacturing system

Research studies on multi-agent systems have been recently boosted by manufacturing and logistics with deep motivations like the presence of independent human deciders with individual goals, the aspiration to dominate the complexity of decision-making in large organizations, the simplicity and robustness of self-reacting distributed systems. After a survey of the multi-agent paradigm and its applications, the paper introduces the notion of hybrid holonic system to study the effect of supervision on a system whose elements negotiate and cooperate in a rule-settled environment to obtain resources for system operation. The supervisor can spur or disincentive agents by assigning/denying resources to them. A simple single-decider optimization model referred to a real application is described, and solution methodologies for optimal resource allocation fitting different scenarios (centralized, distributed, multi-agent) are discussed, identifying ranges of autonomy, quantifying rewarding and defining a negotiation protocol between the agents and the supervisor. Aim of the paper is to describe through an example a general methodology for quantitative decision-making in multi-agent organizations.     

面向延保服务的网购供应链协调策略研究

针对网购供应链延保服务决策效率和利润均衡问题,考虑产品故障率情形下,从延保价格、产品价格以及销售努力水平同时影响延保市场需求的角度,利用Stackelberg博弈构建了第三方服务商和电商平台的延保收益函数。分析比较了集中决策和分散决策下网购供应链的最优延保决策问题,探讨了2种收益共享契约对面向延保服务的网购供应链协调效果。研究表明,无论是集中决策还是分散决策,产品故障率的大小会同时影响延保服务的价格、销售努力水平、销售量及延保利润;传统收益共享契约无法实现面向延保服务的网购供应链协调,而改进收益共享契约并保证收益共享系数在合理区间取值,可优化电商平台、第三方服务商以及供应链系统的延保决策效率,实现供应链各主体延保收益的帕累托改善。     

考虑风险规避与零售商谎报行为的绿色供应链决策研究

为解决二级绿色供应链的产品定价和绿色度决策问题,以零售商具有销售成本信息优势,存在谎报行为为背景,考虑供应链成员具有风险规避特性,通过设计谎报系数,构建集中决策模型与供应商主导Stackelberg博弈模型,分别推导谎报情形下的最优批发价、绿色度和零售价,研究风险规避程度及谎报程度对决策的影响。利用数值仿真验证结论并进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明,集中决策模式下,成员风险规避行为和零售商谎报行为均导致绿色产品批发价和绿色度减小。分散决策模式下,存在零售商风险规避因子拐点,谎报行为对产品最优批发价、绿色度、零售价分别产生正向和负向影响;谎报系数为1.05时,零售商期望利润达到峰值;当谎报系数变动,最优零售价最为敏感,其次为最优绿色度,最后为最优批发价。     

Optimal markdown policy of perishable food under the consumer price fairness perception

Markdown policies are widely used by retailers to sell perishable food. Consumers purchase food at different prices during different sales periods. Some consumers may compare their experience with others who purchase the same items. Price unfairness or inequity is perceived when different prices are quoted without reasonable explanations. This study develops an optimal markdown model for perishable food pricing to optimise the food retailer revenue and enable a maximum aggregated consumer utility considering individuals’ price fairness perception. The model serves as the first step in evaluating trade-offs between food retailer revenue and consumer utility. In addition, it enables consumer utility to be depicted through perceived price fairness by including the effects of food perishability and scarcity. Another innovative feature is the equalisation of the consumer average aggregated utility during different sales periods as a condition of intertemporal price fairness perception. The proposed model is compared with two benchmark models to justify the effectiveness and advantages in the example. Finally, a sensitive analysis based on the food deterioration rate, consumer food desire rate and consumer average reservation price is conducted to justify the manner in which these factors influence the optimal pricing policy, and managerial insights are suggested for food retailers.     

Energy Efficient Resource Allocation Approach for Renewable Energy Powered Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

In this paper, maximizing energy efficiency (EE) through radio resource allocation for renewable energy powered heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNet) with energy sharing, is investigated. Our goal is to maximize the network EE, conquer the instability of renewable energy sources and guarantee the fairness of users during allocating resources. We define the objective function as a sum weighted EE of all links in the HetNet. We formulate the resource allocation problem in terms of subcarrier assignment, power allocation and energy sharing, as a mixed combinatorial and non-convex optimization problem. We propose an energy efficient resource allocation scheme, including a centralized resource allocation algorithm for iterative subcarrier allocation and power allocation in which the power allocation problem is solved by analytically solving the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of the problem and a water-filling problem thereafter and a low-complexity distributed resource allocation algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL). Our numerical results show that both centralized and distributed algorithms converge with a few times of iterations. The numerical results also show that our proposed centralized and distributed resource allocation algorithms outperform the existing reference algorithms in terms of the network EE.     

上下冲击式速冻机流场和换热特性研究现状

目的 为了提高食品冻结的品质,需要对冲击式速冻机的结构尺寸和内部流场进行优化,改善冲击式速冻机的冻结效率.方法 综述影响该类速冻机换热特性的4个因素,即喷嘴的形状和尺寸,射流阵列的排布,喷嘴到输送带距离和喷嘴间距的改变,速冻机进出口压差等.结果 通过回顾计算流体力学技术和实验研究在这4个方面优化速冻机换热特性的案例,总结了上下冲击式速冻机流场变化的规律.结论 该研究为新型速冻机的优化设计提供了理论支撑.     

碳限额及交易下低碳补贴和低碳宣传成本分摊的双渠道供应链联合减排策略

为了研究碳限额及交易下考虑低碳补贴和零售商低碳宣传的双渠道供应链联合减排策略问题,构建由一个制造商和一个零售商组成双渠道供应链,分别建立碳减排补贴与低碳宣传的双渠道供应链集中式决策模型以及无碳减排补贴且无低碳宣传成本分摊、有碳减排补贴但无低碳宣传成本分摊、碳减排补贴且低碳宣传成本分摊的双渠道供应链分散式决策模型,分析其最优决策,并指出政府碳减排补贴、碳减排成本和低碳宣传成本分摊能够实现双渠道供应链协调。研究结果表明,在碳限额及交易下,最优碳减排率、最优低碳宣传水平和双渠道供应链利润与政府补贴比例、低碳偏好对需求的影响系数、低碳宣传对线上消费者需求的影响系数、低碳宣传对线下消费者需求的影响系数都成正向变化关系;最优碳减排率、最优低碳宣传水平和双渠道供应链利润与低碳宣传成本系数、最优碳减排成本系数成反向变化关系;最优碳减排率与碳排放交易价格成正向变化关系,而最优低碳宣传水平、双渠道供应链利润与碳排放交易价格成反向变化关系。     

考虑通关水平的跨境物流服务供应链契约协调机制研究

为实现跨境物流服务供应链完全协调,运用Stackelberg博弈理论,构建由一个跨境物流服务供应商与一个物流服务集成商组成的二级供应链。采用因子分析法测度通关水平,分析通关水平对跨境物流服务供应链最优决策及协调运作的影响,设计可供跨境物流服务供应链完美协调的契约机制。研究表明,考虑通关水平使跨境物流服务供应链成员及供应链整体利润均得到提升;集中决策下跨境物流服务供应链整体利润总是高于分散决策;收益共享契约可实现跨境物流服务供应商及供应链整体决策的帕累托优化,但不能达到供应链的完全协调,而Nash协商改进的二部定价契约模型可实现供应链的完全协调。     

Blockchain-based Distributed Power Market Trading Mechanism

Distributed power market trading has the characteristics of large number of participants, scattered locations, small single trading scale, and point-to-point trading. The traditional centralized power trading model has the problems of large load, low efficiency, high cost, reliance on third parties and unreliable data. With the characteristics of decentralization and non-tampering, blockchain can establish a point-to-point trusted trading environment and provide effective solutions to the above problems. Therefore, this paper proposed a distributed power market trading framework based on blockchain. In this framework, the distributed power supply characteristics and trading needs of each participant are analyzed, a complete distributed trading process based on blockchain is designed. In addition, we have studied the key technologies of distributed power market trading. With the goal of power service reputation and maximum revenue of distributed power providers, we have established a matching degree model, a distributed power market trading optimization model, and designed a smart contract-based power market trading optimization strategy and power trading settlement strategy. Finally, we designed experiments to verify the performance of the proposed framework.     

不同主导权结构下服务水平对高铁快递供应链价格策略的影响

基于“高铁网+快递网”的高铁快递模式出现,为研究主导权对高铁快递供应链价格策略的影响,分别建立集中决策、中铁快运主导、传统快递企业主导、Nash均衡的Stackelberg博弈模型,得到4种模式下中铁快运和传统快递企业的最优价格及最大利润。研究表明,不同主导权结构下的最优直销价格保持不变,最优零售价格则在主导权分散时最高;协议运价受主导企业的价格管控;主导权的分散将导致供应链整体利润受损;主导权有利于主导企业获得更大利润。     

零售商新产品与再制造产品销售策略

从零售商的角度,研究了市场上存在再制造商生产再制造产品时,零售商是否应在新产品营销渠道上销售再制造产品。运用Stackberg博弈分别求得销售再制造产品和不销售再制造产品下的最优定价策略,并对两种销售策略进行比较分析。通过数值仿真,分析了消费者对再制造产品的接受度对零售商两种销售策略下的销售价格、销售数量和盈利的影响。 (     

考虑风险态度的绿色供应链定价策略及政府补贴政策分析

针对同为风险规避者的零售商与制造商组成的二级绿色供应链系统,基于政府对制造商进行生产成本补贴的政策环境,在零售商与制造商共同进行生态努力的假设下,分别就零售商领导下的博弈以及集中控制型决策下的2种不同的渠道结构,讨论了绿色产品的零售价格、批发价格以及绿色度的均衡结果。同时,进一步分析比较了在零售商占据主导地位的Stackelberg模型中,制造商成本补贴、消费价格补贴以及无政府补贴3种不同的政府策略下各因素均衡结果的变化。最后,通过数值仿真深入分析了政府补贴比例和零售商与制造商的风险规避程度的变动对各均衡结果的影响。结果表明,在零售商主导模式下,制造商的风险规避程度对于各因素均衡影响相对更大。相较于其他策略,政府对绿色消费者实施价格补贴策略能够更好地提高产品绿色质量、降低产品价格、刺激绿色需求、提升社会效用。     

我国食品冷藏链物流现状的分析及发展策略

冷链物流是以保持低温环境为核心要求的供应链系统,是随着科学技术的进步以及制冷技术的快速发展而发展起来的,是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程。本文通过比较国内外食品冷藏链物流的现状,指出我国食品冷链物流发展中存在的问题,提出我国食品冷链物流的发展策略。