多孔羟基磷灰石微球的原位转化制备研究

利用锂钙硼(LCB)玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备多孔的羟基磷灰石(HAP)微球,通过XRD、SEM和FTIR对微球的物相组成、形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,微球具有良好的多孔结构,表现为非晶态特性,600℃热处理后,转变成HAP晶体,同时HAP部分分解转变为Ca3(PO4)2。此外,对多孔HAP微球的形成机理进行了分析。在磷酸盐溶液中,玻璃表面原位生成Ca-P-OH水化物,并在玻璃表面原来Ca2+的位置沉积下来,形成微球壳,而由Li+和B3+占据的位置,因其溶出形成孔隙。这样的结构将使之成为良好的药物载体。     

具有pH值敏感的磁性β-环糊精微球的制备与性能

采用反相乳液聚合法,由改性磁性Fe3 O4纳米粒子、β-环糊精(β-CD)、丁二酸酐(SA)制备了具有pH值敏感的β-环糊精磁性微球;通过红外光谱、透射电镜对微球进行了结构表征和形貌观察,并探讨了微球的pH值敏感性和磁响应性能.结果表明:制备的β-CD微球为核壳结构,粒径为20μm左右,具有良好的磁性和pH值敏感性.     

水热法合成羟基磷灰石晶须的工艺研究

纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）增强聚合物基复合材料是替换硬组织的最理想材料，是植入材料的研究重点之一。为了制备与天然骨结构非常相似的复合材料，必须首先制备出性能优良的的纳米HAP粉体。对水热法制备HAP纳米晶须的工艺进行了研究，研究了反应时间、温度、起始反应物的浓度、钙磷比以及反应体系的pH值对合成HAP纳米晶须形貌的影响。用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱（FT-IR）法，对制备的羟基磷灰石进行了表征和分析。结果表明：生成的HAP晶须的长度及长径比随反应时间的延长而增大。温度〈150℃时，得到HAP晶须；温度〉180℃，则得到细小HAP晶体的聚集产物。当反应物的pH=9时，得到的是缺钙型的HAP；当反应物的pH〈4时，产物中出现新相磷酸氢钙；当pH=2时，得到纯的磷酸氢钙。     

纳米多孔金薄膜及其微电极结构的制备

结合磁控溅射、lift-off工艺和脱合金法制备了纳米多孔金薄膜及其微电极结构。首先利用磁控溅射法和lift-off技术制备了金银合金叉指型微薄膜电极结构,然后采用浓硝酸通过脱合金方法进一步制备出纳米多孔金薄膜微电极结构。本文系统研究了腐蚀时间对磁控溅射金银合金薄膜去合金化所制备的纳米多孔金薄膜形貌、组分和结构的影响。利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征了纳米多孔金薄膜微电极的结构和形貌。结果表明纳米多孔金主要呈现(111)晶面,且脱合金时间对纳米多孔结构形成与演化有明显的影响。随着腐蚀时间增加,纳米多孔金薄膜孔隙度增加,金韧带分布更加均匀,逐渐形成均匀的具有高表面积的开放式多孔结构。     

纳米羟基磷灰石合成的两种新方法

介绍了用溶剂热和微波辅助固相手段合成羟基磷灰石 (HAP)的两种新方法 ,得到了HAP纳米粒子和纳米棒。与传统水热合成法相比 ,溶剂热方法首次实现了在非水体系中纳米HAP的合成。微波固相合成法则得到了具有较好形貌和结构的HAP纳米粒子和纳米棒。该方法反应条件温和、反应时间极短、反应步骤简单且易于操作 ,因此有望实现HAP材料的大规模产业化。用X 射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。同时 ,也对微波固相反应的机理进行了初步探讨。     

纳米凹凸棒石黏土矿的制备及其表征

采用超声水热法制备出纳米凹凸棒石黏土矿,加入定量的分散剂,在一定的pH值、时间、温度的条件下,能制备出50～200nm的凹凸棒石纳米粒子.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段进行分析和表征,探讨了纳米凹凸棒石黏土矿的形貌、形成机理及其晶体结构.结果表明:在不同的反应条件下,所产生的凹凸棒石纳米粒子的大小和形貌也不同;在不同的反应酸体系中,超声水热法制备出的纳米凹凸棒石结构也发生了变化.     

不同形貌CuO纳米粒子的制备与性能

采用CuSO4.5H2O、Cu(NO3)2、(CH2)6N4和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法分别制备纤维状CuO纳米粒子和纺锤状CuO纳米粒子,用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对产物的大小﹑形貌和组成进行表征;按质量比为9∶1的比例将黑索金分别与纤维状CuO纳米粒子和纺锤状CuO纳米粒子混合,对样品进行热失重测试分析,根据黑索金热分解温度的变化来衡量催化剂的活性。结果表明,采用沉淀法制备CuO纳米粒子时,反应温度、终点pH值对产物形貌有显著影响;不同形貌的CuO纳米粒子对黑索金的分解催化作用效果不同。     

沉淀法制备纳米CeO2粒子的化学原理及影响因素研究

介绍了沉淀法制备纳米CeO2粒子的化学原理,重点讨论了在纳米CeO2的制备过程中,反应温度、反应浓度、表面活性剂、pH值、反应时间(陈化)、加料方式等因素对粒子大小、形貌的影响.     

聚4-乙烯基吡啶/羟基磷灰石纳米复合微粒的绿色制备及其药物缓释性能

在超临界二氧化碳分散体系中,借助于纳米尺寸为20nm的羟基磷灰石(HAP)中羟基的弱酸性,与聚4-乙烯基吡啶[P(4-VP)]中吡啶的弱碱性之间的弱酸碱作用,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,诱导4-VP进行自由基聚合,制得了P(4-VP)/HAP纳米复合材料。考察了不同HAP含量、交联剂配比、不同反应温度、反应压力对产物形貌、产率的影响。最优制备方案为:0.100g AIBN,0.500g MBA,反应压力为19MPa,反应温度80℃,反应8h,产物粒径约1μm;溶胀率在pH=2~3时较高,SR=2.97。初步研究了P(4-VP)/HAP纳米复合材料对药物的缓释性能,通过调整环境pH值控制药物的缓释性能,pH=1.4时,在1h内药物释放基本完毕;在pH=7.8时,药物释放约3h,同时HAP聚合后的复合物的机械性能也得到了增强。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米ZnO的研究

氧化锌是少数可以实现量子效应的半导体,与普通氧化锌相比,纳米氧化锌具有许多特殊的性质,如无毒和非迁移性、压电性、吸收和散射紫外线能力.以廉价无机锌盐为原料,采用液相化学法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级ZnO,并采用TEM、XRD等手段对其物性进行了表征,考察了制备条件对产物粒径、形貌、收率的影响.研究结果表明:随着锌盐浓度的提高,产物粒径逐渐增大;pH值<8～9时,随着pH值增加粒径逐渐变小;pH=8～9时,粒径达到最小,继续增加体系pH值,ZnO粒子迅速长大;相同的陈化时间,陈化温度越高,ZnO的粒径越大,在相同温度下,陈化时间越长,粒径越大;SCFD可实现干燥、晶化一步完成,与普通干燥相比,SCFD法制备的纳米粒子具有粒径分布均匀,大小可控等优点.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.