三维石墨烯的可压缩性能及在超级电容器中的应用

以氧化石墨烯为原料,通过水热反应和高温焙烧过程制备了三维石墨烯柱状体材料。采用机械力学测试方法分析三维石墨烯的可压缩性能,将其作为超级电容器的电极材料测试其电化学性能。结果表明,三维石墨烯呈多孔网状结构,具有良好的可压缩性能和机械性能。电极片厚度为2 mm,铝塑外包尺寸为5 cm×6 cm的对称超级电容器在电流密度为0.1 A/g下比电容为175 F/g,在电流密度为1 A/g下充放电循环10 000次后比电容保持率为81.9%。在加载不同大小压力压缩状态下,其保持了良好的电容性能。     

以氧化石墨为基质制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料及其电化学性能

利用以苯胺与过硫酸铵制备的聚苯胺和改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,将聚苯胺分散于GO浊液中,再对GO进行还原,制备超级电容器电极材料石墨烯(RGO)/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料(GRP),利用X射线衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,并对复合材料电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,复合材料展示良好比电容特性,同时又具有稳定电化学性能。GRP在0.1A/g的电流密度下比电容达到510F/g,1.0A/g电流密度下比电容为485F/g,经过2000次的充放电循环后比电容保持率为92%,即复合物比电容远大于石墨烯,在化学稳定性上远好于PANI。放电响应效率高,在电极中电解质离子容易扩散和迁移。     

三维多孔结构聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以自制聚苯胺水凝胶和氧化石墨烯为原料采用原位聚合法和溶液灌注法制备三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料,然后在氢碘酸的还原下制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料。采用红外光谱法、场发射扫描电子显微镜和热重分析法对制备的复合材料的结构、形貌和组成进行表征,并采用三电极测试方式对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的掺入能有效防止聚苯胺和氧化石墨烯的团聚和堆叠问题,获得了具有良好三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合物;聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料被氢碘酸还原后,得到的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的热稳定性有所降低,但其比电容和导电性等有了很大的提高,在电流密度为0.5 A/g时,PANI/GO和PANI/r GO的比电容分别为240.38 F/g和321.91F/g。     

氢等离子体与水合肼还原氧化石墨烯电容性能的比较

分别通过氢等离子体和水合肼对氧化石墨烯进行还原处理,制成两种不同的还原型氧化石墨烯。采用透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪和拉曼光谱对其形貌和结构进行表征。根据循环伏安、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱,并比较在1 mol/L硫酸中的超级电容性能。结果表明,水合肼还原可以形成良好的三维结构,增强石墨烯的离子扩散能力,并且还原程度高。氢等离子体还原耗时少、安全可靠,减少在还原过程中对石墨烯片层结构造成损害。当充放电电流密度为1 A/g时,氢等离子体还原氧化石墨烯的比电容值可以达到178 F/g,而水合肼还原氧化石墨烯比电容值达到了119 F/g。     

Ni2CoS4/还原氧化石墨烯/多孔还原氧化石墨烯的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

采用水热法制备Ni_2CoS_4活性材料,通过物理过程和水热反应将其与氧化石墨烯(GO)、水热多孔氧化石墨烯(HHGO)复合得到Ni_2CoS_4/还原氧化石墨烯/多孔还原氧化石墨烯(Ni_2CoS_4/RGO/HRGO)复合电极材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安测试、恒流充放电测试和交流阻抗测试等,对复合材料的形貌结构、电化学性能进行了表征。研究结果表明:在1 A/g的电流密度下,其比电容为1 684 F/g,在5 A/g的电流密度下循环2 000次后,其比电容保持率为91.8%。Ni_2CoS_4/RGO/HRGO优良的电化学行为归因于这种复合结构使电解液对电极材料的润湿程度提高,进而提高了离子和电荷的传输速率,同时也缓解石墨烯、Ni_2CoS_4的团聚和循环过程中的体积变化。因此,Ni_2CoS_4/RGO/HRGO是一种有良好应用前景的高性能超级电容器电极材料。     

石墨烯包覆分子筛复合电极材料的制备及其性能研究

以4A分子筛(4A)和改进Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯凝胶(GO)为原料, 按一定质量比进行混合超声分散, 以混合分散液为前驱体煅烧制备了氧化还原石墨烯(RGO)包覆的三维复合4A/RGO电极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、孔径分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试等方法研究了复合材料的结构、形貌及超级电容性能。测试结果表明, 4A均匀地穿插在RGO片层中, 阻止了RGO片层之间相互堆积, 而RGO片层之间相互链接, 形成三维空间导电网络, 提高了复合电极材料的导电性。当GO与4A质量比为1:6时, 复合材料在4 A/g电流密度下比电容可达450 F/g, 在此电流密度下循环800次后, 其比容量保持率为85.7%, 表现出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。该4A/RGO复合电极材料超级电容性能优于纯4A或RGO, 可归因于4A和RGO之间的协同效应。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

一步合成还原氧化石墨烯/MnO2复合材料及其电化学性能

通过水热法, 利用氧化石墨烯(GO)和二价锰盐, 一步合成了还原氧化石墨烯/MnO₂(RGO/M)复合电极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(RS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等测试电极材料的物性, 通过循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电等方法研究电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明, 在一定水热反应条件下, 通过控制GO与二价锰盐配比, 可以调节RGO/M的结构及其电化学性能。在1 A/g电流密度下, 所得RGO/M复合电极的比电容可达277 F/g, 经过500次循环后, 保持率达到98%。     

二氧化锰电极材料的氧化还原制备及电化学性能研究

以高锰酸钾与乙酸乙酯为起始原料,通过氧化还原反应在85℃温和条件下制得二氧化锰(MnO_2)纳米颗粒,并通过在反应体系中加入碳(C)材料合成了MnO_2/C复合电极材料。实验结果表明,MnO_2在1A/g电流密度下,比电容为212F/g;而添加了2.5mL碳材料的MnO_2/C复合电极材料的比电容达到358F/g;当电流密度增加到4A/g时,MnO_2/C复合电极材料的比电容仍达到234F/g。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.