纳米镀锌层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

通过电镀的方法制备了不同晶粒尺寸的纳米镀锌层和微米镀锌层，应用极化曲线和交流阻抗的方法研究了它们在5％NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为，结果表明，纳米镀锌层较微米镀锌层腐蚀电流密度增加，纳米镀锌层的电化学腐蚀行为存在纳米尺寸纳应，镀锌层纳米化使参与反应的原子数增加，阳极交换电流密度提高，氧的阴极还原更为容易，阴极交换电流密度也提高。     

钢线材硫酸盐体系电镀纳米晶锌镀层工艺研究

为了克服传统线材高速电镀锌工艺存在的镀层耐蚀性能差问题,研究了硫酸盐电镀纳米晶锌镀层的工艺.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜和X-射线衍射技术对镀锌层的表面形貌及晶粒尺寸进行了表征,利用极化曲线和线材缠绕试验对纳米晶锌镀层的耐蚀性能和延展性能进行了研究.结果表明:在基础硫酸盐镀液体系中,仅通过改变脉冲电镀参数并不能得到纳米晶锌镀层;而在含有唯一添加剂(晶粒细化剂1 g/L)的基础硫酸盐镀液体系中,通过对双脉冲电镀参数的优化,得到了平均晶粒尺寸为31 nm,结晶细密、平整、光亮的纳米晶锌镀层;该纳米晶锌镀层在低碳钢板材和线材表面重现性良好;纳米晶锌镀层的耐蚀性能优于传统粗晶锌镀层,且具有良好的延展性.     

基体取向对电镀锌板表面线状缺陷产生的影响

为了探究电镀锌表面线状缺陷产生的原因,通过场发射扫描电镜(FEI-SEM)及其电子背散射技术(EBSD)对电镀锌板表面线状缺陷的微观形貌以及去镀锌层后所对应铁基体的取向织构进行了观察和分析,运用错配度理论对镀锌层表面线状缺陷产生的机理进行了分析。结果表明:缺陷位置锌晶粒呈明显的长片状,并沿同一方向定向排列,缺陷位置对应的铁基板取向中{211}、{221}或{554}含量较高。根据错配度理论,镀锌层锌晶粒沿铁基体取向生长与错配度之间具有很好的对应性,当基体取向为{211}、{221}或{554}时,与镀锌层锌晶粒的取向错配度均小于5%,属于完全共格晶界,较低的界面张力致使锌晶粒优先沿着基体取向{211}、{221}或{554}定向生长,从而表现出线状缺陷。     

纳米Si02在电镀锌三价铬钝化中的作用

我国镀锌层三价铬钝化膜的性能仍不完善,为了进一步增加钝化膜的耐腐蚀能力,将纳米SiO2加入到三价铬钝化液中,对电镀锌层进行常温彩色钝化-封闭同步处理。通过中性盐雾试验与电化学极化曲线对钝化膜的抗腐蚀性能进行评价。结果表明：钝化液中纳米SiO2含量为3．5g／L时,钝化液稳定,与三价铬共沉积,产生协同作用,钝化膜光亮,镀锌层的耐蚀性能显著提高。     

40Cr钢表面纳米层的微观结构

采用高能表面处理技术在40Cr钢表面制备出具有纳米晶体结构特征的表面层。利用透射电子显微镜和穆斯堡尔谱仪分析研究了表面纳米层的微观结构。结果表明，经过高能表面处理后，样品表面层晶粒细化为纳米晶，平均晶粒尺寸约为11nm。表面纳米层表面处渗碳体发生溶解。     

用电化学噪声法研究镀锌层在海水中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学噪声法研究了镀锌层在海水中的整个腐蚀过程;通过统计学和傅立叶变换,在时域和频域上对上述过程的电压和电流噪声数据进行了比较详尽的分析.结果表明,镀锌层的腐蚀过程可以分为5个阶段:晶粒边界腐蚀、双金属腐蚀、局部露铁、露铁面积增大、镀层被破坏;其在海水中的耐蚀性较差;腐蚀末期,镀锌层的电位噪声出现突跃点并可由此判定其使用寿命终点.     

纳米Si02在电镀锌三价铬钝化中的作用

我国镀锌层三价铬钝化膜的性能仍不完善,为了进一步增加钝化膜的耐腐蚀能力,将纳米SiO2加入到三价铬钝化液中,对电镀锌层进行常温彩色钝化-封闭同步处理。通过中性盐雾试验与电化学极化曲线对钝化膜的抗腐蚀性能进行评价。结果表明：钝化液中纳米SiO2含量为3．5g／L时,钝化液稳定,与三价铬共沉积,产生协同作用,钝化膜光亮,镀...     

纳米氧化铈颗粒对电沉积锌层耐蚀性的影响

研究了纳米氧化铈颗粒对电沉积锌层耐腐蚀性能的影响，结果表明，纳米氧化铈颗粒能显提高镀层的耐蚀性，能促使锌镀层晶面产生择优取向，并使锌镀层更致密，更均匀，在一定范围内增加镀锌液中纳米氧化铈颗粒含量，锌镀层的耐蚀性可随之提高，此外，纳米氧化铈颗粒的分散方法对锌镀层的耐蚀性也有影响。     

机械镀锌层的X射线衍射分析

采用机械镀方法制备了锌镀层,运用X射线衍射技术分析了镀层的物相组成和锌粉颗粒的晶格参数。研究结果表明,机械镀锌层是由单质金属锌、锡和铁构成,镀层中没有辞、锡和铁之间的化合物或固溶体等合金相存在;由纳米亚晶构成的锌粉颗粒是镀层的主体,锌粉形成镀层后没有发生晶粒细化。     

氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体中镁合金表面电沉积电流密度对镀锌层性能的影响

为了提高AM60B镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,以氯化胆碱-尿素(Reline)离子液体为电镀液,在AM60B镁合金表面脉冲电镀锌。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及涂层厚度测量仪研究了电沉积电流密度对镀锌层微观形貌及结构的影响;采用电化学极化曲线测试了不同电流密度下所得镀锌层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:随着电流密度的增加,镀锌层的晶粒逐渐变大,孔洞等缺陷减少,耐腐蚀性能先增强后减弱;当电流密度为5.0 mA/cm2时,镀锌层均匀致密、光亮、无明显缺陷、与基体结合力好、耐腐蚀性能最佳。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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