热-机械循环处理对FeMnSiCrNi 合金 记忆效应的影响

采用电子拉伸试验机考察了不同预变形量热-机械循环处理对FeMnSiCrNi合金形状记忆效应的影响,并利用光学及透射电子显微分析方法研究了经热-机械循环处理后母相γ及应力诱发ε马氏体的组织变化.结果表明:在预变形量为4%、5%、和6%的情况下,经2次循环训练后具有最高的应变恢复率;适当的热-机械循环处理能促进母相γ中形成大量按一定取向分布的晶体缺陷,为择优取向ε马氏体的成长打开通道,显著降低ε马氏体的几何尺寸,提高其逆相变的晶体学可逆性;若热-机械循环次数过多,母相γ中会形成位错缠结,阻碍γ→ε相变过程中层错扩展,从而不利于形状记忆效应.     

形变时效对FeMnSiCrNi合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响

为了进一步提高Fe-14Mn-6Si-8Cr-5Ni合金的形状记忆效应,对固溶态合金采用了形变时效的方法处理,并利用光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微分析的测试手段分析了时效温度和时效时间对合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响.结果表明,固溶态合金经10%拉伸和600℃时效10 min时,形状回复率提高幅度最大,由固溶态的48%提高到84.7%,并且合金γ→ε马氏体转变的起始温度Ms由固溶态的34℃降低到13.2℃.合金的形状回复率得到提高的主要原因是合金中热诱发ε马氏体已经消失,组织为奥氏体和大量定向α’马氏体,这样的组织特征有利于应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变以及它们的逆相变.     

Fe—17Mn—10Cr—5Si—4Ni合金低温应力诱发相变特点及其形状记？…

用Ｘ射线衍射分析、显微组织观察等研究了Ｆｅ－１７Ｍｎ－１０Ｃｒ－５Ｓｉ－４Ｎｉ合金在低温（低于室温）下应力诱发相变的特点及其形状记忆效应。合金在室温拉伸变形时,当应变量超过５％由于应力诱发ε马氏体的相变作用而形成的α′马氏体;当变形温度低于室温时应力优先诱发γ－α′马氏体转变。正是这种应力诱发相应特征的转变使合金的形状记忆效应在室温以下出现奇特低谷。     

Fe－Mn－Si－Ni－Co合金中形变应力诱发ε马氏体的稳定化及其对记忆效应的影响

Ｆｅ－２５．６Ｍｎ－５．１Ｓｉ－４．１Ｎｉ－１．８Ｃｏ（ｗｔ％）合金在一８０℃变形时，可逆应变量ε＿ｒ随预应变量ε＿ｔ增大而迅速增大；当ε＿ｔ＞２．５％，增大速度减慢；当４．２％＜ε＿ｔ＜１０．８％，ε＿ｒ基本保持恒定值。逆相变温度Ａ＿ｆ随ε＿ｔ增大而连续升高，但Ａ＿ｓ不随ε＿ｔ变化。应力诱发ε马氏体及其逆相变后的残留显微组织分析表明，应力诱发ε马氏体片在形成过程中因相互交叉产生塑性变形，引起稳定化，是引起多晶Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ系合金可逆应变量低的一个重要原因。文中还讨论了应力诱发ε马氏体稳定化的特点及可能的改善途径。     

CuZnAl合金在应力下的马氏体相变

采用附加有加载装置及电视系统的光学金相显微镜,对CuZnAl形状记忆合金的应力诱发马氏体进行了动态观察,发现该合金的应力诱发马氏体具有热弹性马氏体的相变特征,马氏体的形貌及转变量随应力的变化而变化;此外,还发现该合金有些晶粒的马氏体在应力诱发过程中消隐,代之出现取向、大小不同的新的马氏体。     

Fe基SMA中马氏体随温度变化规律的研究

对Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金热处理过程中ε－氏体量及形状恢复量随温度变化的研究结果表明：应力诱发ε－马氏体较热诱发马氏体对应更高的转变温度，４５０℃回火热马氏体全部逆转变，应力诱发马氏体则部分残留在基体中、这是该系列合金形状恢复量低的原因之一。     

热机械训练对Fe-Mn-Si系形状记忆合金记忆效应及组织结构的影响

研究了热机械训练次数对Fe-Mn-Si系形状记忆合金记忆效应的影响。结果表明,随着训练次数的增加,合金可回复应变先增加后降低,3次热机械训练后合金的回复率达到最高1.95%。微观结构分析表明,记忆效应在初始阶段升高的原因主要归结于热机械训练诱发马氏体择优取向,ε马氏体分布比较均匀,相互平行,交叉现象较少,多次(4次以后)训练回复率降低则主要是由于合金基体内部形成大量位错缠结,产生不可逆塑性变形所致。     

Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-Co合金中形变诱发马氏体相变及形状记忆效应

通过拉伸试验、金相和透射电子显微分析,研究了Fe-25.6Mn-5.1Si-4.1Ni-1.8Co合金的形变诱发γ→ε马氏体相变与形状记忆效应。结果表明,变形温度从M_d点降至193K时,变形机制由位错滑移逐渐转变为形变诱发γ→ε马氏体相变,合金的形状记忆效应相应地近似呈线性提高。在138～193K之间变形时形状记忆效应保持稳定。文中通过分析形变诱发马氏体相变的应力-应变曲线,讨论了形状记忆效应与屈服应力之间的关系。     

Fe-17Mn-10Cr-5Si-4Ni合金低温应力诱发相变特点及其形状记忆效应研究

用x射线衍射分析、显微组织观察等研究了Fe-17Mn-10Cr-5Si-4Ni合金在低温(低于室温)下应力诱发相变的特点及其形状记忆效应。合金在室温拉伸变形时,当应变量超过5％由于应力诱发E马氏体的相变作用而形成α＇马氏体;当变形温度低于室温时应力优先诱发γ→α＇马氏体转变。正是这种应力诱发相变特征的转变使合金的形状记忆效应在室温以下出现奇特低谷。     

Co-x%Mn合金中的fcc→hcp相变和相关的形状记忆效应

Co-Mn合金是磁诱发形状记忆效应候选材料之一，本文制备了不同Mn含量的Co-Mn合金，研究了合金成分对Co-Mn二元合金中应力诱发γ(fcc)→ε(hcp)马氏体相变及形状记忆效应的影响作用，研究结果发现，对于能够发生γ→ε马氏体相变的Co-Mn合金，具有部分形状记忆效应；随着Mn含量的增加，马氏体量减小，基体的强度降低，导致合金的形状回复率和可回复应变均有不同程度的下降。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.