瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料的制备及力学性能表征

探索了一种新型竹质工程构件--瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料(CBLC)的制备工艺, 研究了三种典型铺装类型(Ⅰ型: (0°)₆; Ⅱ型: (0°/90°)₃; Ⅲ型: (90°)₆)对其拉伸、 双向弯曲、 三维压缩性能的影响, 同时利用数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)对其弯曲应变场信息进行了表征。结果表明: 铺装类型对各项力学性能有明显影响, 对于拉伸、 纵向弯曲性能, Ⅰ型> Ⅱ型> Ⅲ型, 对于横向弯曲, Ⅱ型> Ⅲ型> Ⅰ型。不同铺装类型下CBLC的拉伸断裂机制亦各不相同: Ⅰ型为延性断裂, Ⅱ型为逐渐分层断裂, Ⅲ型为脆性断裂。 x和y方向应变场集中分布在试样底端最外层瓦楞波形连接处, 且E_xx< E_yy。多重比较分析表明: 抗压缩性能在三维方向上存在明显差异, 且y>x>z; 铺装类型对CBLC的抗压载荷、 抗压强度有很大影响, 而抗压模量差异不明显。     

深部岩体中切槽爆破机理实验分析

深部岩体爆破致裂是初始应力场和爆炸动态载荷叠加作用结果,采用动静组合加载试验装置和焦散线实验系统,在PMMA模型试件中施加初始静态应力场和爆炸动态载荷,探讨炮孔切槽与水平方向成不同角度(0°,45°和90°)下,初始应力场对爆生裂纹扩展规律的影响效应。实验结果表明:①初始压应力场中,切槽孔的存在改变了圆形炮孔周边应力集中;②0°角时,初始应力场降低了裂纹尖端应力集中,抑制裂纹的扩展,且应力越大,抑制效应越明显,但不改变爆生裂纹的扩展方向;③45°角时,初始应力场改变了裂纹扩展模式,由Ⅰ型断裂向混合型转变,随着应力越大,Ⅱ型断裂越明显,且裂纹向最大主应力方向偏转;④90°角时,初始应力场提高了裂纹尖端应力集中,促进裂纹的扩展,且应力越大,促进效应越明显,不改变爆生裂纹的扩展方向。研究结果为深部岩体中开展切槽爆破技术提供理论指导。     

混凝土/花岗岩界面Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型动态断裂试验研究

为研究混凝土/岩石界面在复合型应力条件下的动态断裂性能,考虑四种应变率(10-5~10-2 s-1)及三种模态(21.8°,41.7°和60.3°)工况,对混凝土/花岗岩复合试件进行了四点剪切试验,获得了荷载与裂缝张开位移及裂缝剪切位移的关系曲线;结合界面力学理论和结构动力分析得到了界面Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型动态应力强度因子,据此得到并分析了断裂韧度、应变能释放率的率相关性及模态比相关性。结果表明:在所研究的应变率和模态角范围内,同一时刻的裂缝张开位移均大于裂缝剪切位移;Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型断裂韧度均随应变率的提高而增加,Ⅰ型断裂韧度随模态角的增大而减小,Ⅱ型断裂韧度随模态角的增大而增加;应变能释放率随应变率和模态角的增加均呈现出增长趋势。     

微热量热计法研究几种盐对硝酸铵晶变的影响

硝酸铵(AN)中添加质量分数5%的无机盐并碾磨混合,通过微热量热计研究4种常用无机盐对AN晶型Ⅳ~Ⅰ型转变的影响。结果表明:两种氯盐使AN晶型Ⅱ~Ⅰ型开始转变的温度明显提前;4种无机盐使AN晶型Ⅳ~Ⅲ型转化温度降低;硝酸钾使AN晶型Ⅲ~Ⅱ型转变温度提高约7℃,氯化钾提高约3℃;氯化钾可以使AN晶型的Ⅳ~Ⅲ型、Ⅲ~Ⅱ型相转变焓降低,使晶型转变难度增大;氯化钠使AN晶型转变焓明显增大,促进AN晶型转变。     

分层界面角度对CFRP层板Ⅱ型分层的影响

Ⅱ型层间断裂韧度是复合材料结构损伤容限设计的关键力学参数。针对5种具有不同预置分层界面的国产T300复合材料端部缺口弯曲(ENF)实验件,开展Ⅱ型分层测试,获得预嵌薄膜末端开裂的Ⅱ型层间断裂韧度 G Ⅱc,NPC 和预开裂裂纹处扩展的Ⅱ型层间断裂韧度 G Ⅱc,PC 。结果表明:5种分层界面下 G Ⅱc,NPC 均比 G Ⅱc,PC 高,并且对于 G Ⅱc,NPC 值,0°/0°分层界面的最高,0°/90°分层界面的最低;而对于 G Ⅱc,PC 值,0°/45°分层界面的最高,0°/90°分层界面的最低。同时,采用虚拟裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)模拟不同分层界面处的Ⅱ型分层扩展,获得了分层扩展过程中分层前缘应变能释放率分布,结合实验结果分析了分层界面角度对Ⅱ型断裂韧度测量值的影响。     

时效工艺对6061铝合金力学性能各向异性的影响及微观组织研究

采用单向拉伸试验研究了经不同时效工艺处理的6061铝合金轧制板材在轧制方向(0°)、倾斜方向(45°)和横向(90°)的力学性能各向异性.实验结果表明,轧制态6061铝合金的力学性能与热处理工艺密切相关,且表现出明显的各向异性.其中T6态6061铝合金力学性能各向异性最不明显.轧制态6061-T6铝合金有较强的立方织构{001}〈100〉和较弱的织构成分{001}〈100〉,目前采用的人工时效方法对其晶粒的显微组织和织构演化的影响不大.相对于经其他工艺处理的轧制态6061铝合金,经240℃高温时效处理的轧制态6061-T6铝合金位错密度大,且分布更均匀.轧制态6061-T6铝合金中明显的高密度β″析出物是其具备最高强度和最低各向异性的主要原因.     

样品取向对轧制钢板拉伸性能的影响

分别对不同厚度、不同取向(α=0°,45°,90°)的SPCC冷轧钢板、SPHC热轧钢板、SUS304冷轧不锈钢板和SUS304热轧不锈钢板进行了拉伸试验,研究了取向因素对轧制钢板拉伸性能的影响,并分别探讨了钢板厚度、轧制状态和钢板材料等因素引起的拉伸性能各向异性程度的差异。结果表明:样品取向对轧制钢板的拉伸性能有明显影响,轧制方向的抗拉强度和断后伸长率较高,而屈服强度的变化规律则较为复杂;钢板厚度、轧制状态、钢板材料等因素对轧制钢板拉伸性能的各向异性都有不同程度的影响。     

碳纤维三维编织复合材料的结构对拉伸和弯曲性能的影响

研究了碳纤维四步法三维四向、三维五向编织结构复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能,以及结构参数-编织角的变化对其拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,并与层合复合材料作了对比性研究.结果表明,三维编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其拉伸强度可达810MPa、拉伸模量可达95.6GPa,弯曲强度可达829.03MPa、弯曲模量可达67.5GPa.同时,编织角和编织结构对复合材料性能有较大的影响.随着编织角的增大,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均减小;三维五向结构的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均高于四向结构;在纤维体积含量相近的情况下,通过对编织角的设计,可以设计三维编织复合材料的性能.     

空气静压止推轴承自激微振动数值分析及实验研究

随着控制精度和工作稳定性要求的不断提高,空气静压轴承气膜内部的自激振动成为制约气浮系统进一步发展的关键问题。以圆盘型中心供气小孔节流空气静压轴承气膜内的三维自激微振动为研究对象,基于流体润滑理论和修正的速度滑移边界建立了气膜的动力学模型和自激振动方程;基于平面流函数和大涡模拟方法,在确定气膜微振动形成机理的基础上,分析了三维气旋涡量分布特征和速度场变化规律;通过实验测试了气膜自激微振在三轴方向上的时域和频域特性,并分析了各轴向自激微振动的影响因素。研究表明:空气静压止推轴承的自激振动是气膜流场内三维气旋共同形成的,且沿气膜高度方向(z方向)的振动强度显著大于水平面内(x,y方向)的振动;轴承气膜内三个方向的自激振动强度都随着供气压力的增加而增加,且x,y方向自激振动的强度较z方向更为敏感;轴承气膜内三个方向自激振动的固有频率会随着供气压力的变化而改变,其中x,y方向自激振动的固有频率随供气压力增加而增长,而z方向自激振动的固有频率随供气压力的增大基本不变。     

有机玻璃纯Ⅰ型和纯Ⅱ型动态断裂行为的实验研究

采用尖槽式中心切口圆盘试件,在分离式霍布金森压杆试验装置上对有机玻璃纯Ⅰ型和纯Ⅱ型加载条件下的动态断裂行为进行了实验研究。结果表明,加载速率对有机玻璃的断裂行为有显著的影响,有机玻璃纯Ⅰ型和纯Ⅱ型断裂韧度的测试结果均表现出明显的加载速率相关性,且随着加载速率的增加而增大。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.