NH4Cl/KCl添加剂对铝粉氮化反应的影响

研究了NH4Cl／KCl添加剂对铝粉氮化反应的影响。运用TG／DSC考察了Al粉、Al NH4Cl和Al NH4Cl／KCl等前驱体粉末的氮化过程，运用XRD、SEM、XRF对氮化产物进行了表征。研究结果表明：NH4Cl能降低氮化温度，避免铝粉发生熔化和结块，保证得到纳米尺度的AlN颗粒；KCl的蒸发则可以破坏铝粉表面的氮化膜，促进铝粉的完全氮化，且只有两种同时作为添加剂使用，才能实现铝粉的完全氮化，用氨气做为反应气体可以消除因添加剂引入水分杂质的影响。NH4Cl／KCl还是一种低残留的添加剂，可以用来制备高纯度的AlN。     

单晶α-Si3N4纳米线宏量制备研究

本研究提出了一种宏量制备单晶α-Si₃N₄纳米线的方法。以造粒硅粉为原料, 通过在N₂-H₂混合气氛中直接氮化, 得到具有核壳结构的氮化产物(Si₃N₄纳米线@多孔Si₃N₄微米粉体), 氮化产物经过破碎、研磨、分离后即可获得Si₃N₄纳米线。检测结果表明, 制备的Si₃N₄纳米线直径为80~150 nm, 长径比为20~50, 其中纳米线含量>95wt%, α相/β相比为17.6, 收率为3.1%。进一步研究表明, 原料中微量Fe元素在还原气氛下具有催化作用, 纳米线由典型的气-液-固(VLS)生长机制控制。实验中对原料硅粉造粒后再氮化具有三大优点: 数量级地增大了Si₃N₄纳米线生长空间; 纳米线生长分布集中, 有利于后续高效分离; 显著提高了氮化速率。     

以AC发泡剂为添加剂燃烧合成α-Si3N4粉体

以硅粉和Si3N4粉体为反应剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC发泡剂)为添加剂,利用燃烧合成技术在较低氮气压力下制备了高α相含量的Si3N4粉体.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对产物的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征,研究了AC发泡剂对α相Si3N4粉体的形成和产物颗粒形貌的影响.结果表明,AC发泡剂能促进硅粉快速氮化,产物中α-Si3N4的含量随着AC发泡剂添加量的增加而增加.当AC发泡剂的添加量为24wt%时,产物中α-Si3N4的含量高达85.2wt%.对AC发泡剂作用下的燃烧合成Si3N4的反应机理做了初步探讨,研究表明:AC发泡剂的分解产物N2、CO、NH3不仅增加了坯体的透气性,而且改变了燃烧反应的传热和传质路线,从而促进了硅粉快速氮化和α-Si3N4粉体的生成.     

表面氧含量对高纯硅粉高温氮化行为的影响

研究了表面氧含量对高纯硅原料在氮氢气氛下直接氮化行为的影响,并合成高α相氮化硅。研究结果表明,硅粉在氮氢气氛下1 350℃保温3h,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量随原料氧含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,当硅原料表面氧含量为3.91%时,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量可达97%以上,残留硅含量低于1%,产物中部氧含量为1.71%,在此环境下硅粉氮化主要以化学气相沉积的方式进行,产物形貌以杆状α-Si_3N_4晶须为主。硅原料表面氧含量低于4.38%时,氮化产物α-Si_3N_4含量均在95%以上,另有少量的β-Si_3N_4和残留硅,XRD测试精度范围内无氮氧化硅相存在。当硅原料氧含量高于5.61%时,产物中则出现氮氧化硅,随着原料氧含量增加,氮氧化硅含量明显上升。当硅原料氧含量低于5.61%时,残留硅含量随氧含量增加明显减少,说明原料中氧的增加可以显著加快氮化速率,降低氮化产物中残留硅的含量。     

基板材质对TeO_2纳米线微观结构的影响

以金属碲粉为原料,在450℃温度下采用热蒸发法制备TeO_2纳米线,考察了不同基板材质对TeO_2纳米线结构和形貌的影响。研究结果表明,在镀金玻璃(glass)基板和Si基板上均可以获得结晶好、长径比高、产量大的TeO_2纳米线,在未镀金和镀金Al2O3基板上可以获得TeO_2纳米线,但产物的长径比和形貌相对较差,而在未镀金glass基板和Si基板上获得的则是TeO_2微米级颗粒。TeO_2纳米线通过气-固生长机制生长,Au颗粒只是起到加速TeO_2纳米线生长的作用。     

工艺参数对铁尾矿合成Si_3N_4粉的影响

以铁尾矿和碳黑为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成Si3N4粉.利用X射线衍射法测定产物相组成及相对含量,研究了合成温度和恒温时间对反应过程的影响.结果表明,合成温度对碳热氮化合成Si3N4粉的影响显著,随合成温度的升高,产物中Si3N4相含量增加,1450℃时Si3N4相含量最高,是最佳的合成温度.恒温时间对产物相组成的影响不大,但适当延长恒温时间可使还原氮化反应进行得更充分,恒温8h时产物中Si3N4含量最高,是较理想的恒温时间.合成过程中SiO的挥发导致试样较大的质量损失,且随恒温时间的延长而增大.     

水热合成Sb_2Se_3纳米线及其对Bi_2Te_3纳米粉末热电性能的影响

以SbCl3和Se粉为原料,水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂,采用水热法在150℃下,分别保温不同的时间合成Sb2Se3纳米粉末.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射电子扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等分析方法对产物的物相成分和微观形貌等进行了表征,实验结果表明保温时间达到24h时,获得产物为单相Sb2Se3纳米线晶体.根据实验结果还研究了水热合成Sb2Se3纳米线晶体可能的反应及生长机理,结果表明一维纳米线沿[001]方向生长,纳米线的形成与其独特的层状晶体结构有关.最后采用放电等离子体快速热压烧结法将水热合成的Bi2Te3纳米粉末与不同含量Sb2Se3纳米线进行复合,分析了Sb2Se3纳米线对Bi2Te3纳米材料热电性能的影响,发现复合约1at%Sb2Se3纳米线可以使Bi2Te3纳米材料热电性能有一定提高.     

固态制冷剂的性能研究

对单组分无机盐溶质NH4SCN,NH4Cl及混合组分无机盐溶质KNO3+NH4NO3、KNO3+NH4Cl、KNO3+NH4SCN、NH4Cl+NH4NO3分别与结晶水合物Na2CO3.10H2O混合的冷效应进行了实验研究,得出最佳混合比和最大制冷温差,并将制冷效果与无机盐溶质与水混合时的最佳制冷效果进行对比。     

超声方法合成硒纳米线（英文）

用超声的方法合成了硒纳米线.场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）结果表明产物的形貌比较均一.产物的结构通过透射电镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射仪（XRD）进行了进一步表征.TEM和XRD光谱的结果证明了所得硒纳米线为单晶结构且沿着[001]方向生长.所得硒纳米线在671nm处有一紫外光谱吸收峰,通过对光谱的计算,硒纳米线的能带为1.66eV.基于一系列的生长过程,提出了硒纳米线的生长机理：硒粉溶解溶液中产生自由硒原子;当硒原子浓度过高时,硒原子结晶形成t型硒种子;由于各向异性晶体结构,连续提供的硒原子进入结晶种子形成线性纳米结构.此外,溶解和再结晶使α型硒转化为更稳定的t型硒.超声波可以提供适当的能量来调整这动态的平衡溶解和再结晶,进一步加快这一转变.     

反应烧结Si3N4透波陶瓷的制备与能研究

以国产Si粉和Si3N4粉为原料,添加适量的Y2O3和Al2O3烧结助剂,经凝胶注模成型后,在流动的高纯氮气氛中,采用反应烧结工艺制备出结构均匀、性能良好的Si3N4透波陶瓷,并深入研究了组分配方和烧结工艺对硅粉氮化率及材料的力学性能与介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:提高烧结温度能明显改善硅粉的氮化程度,当烧结温度超过1450℃、保温4h以上时,硅粉可完全氮化;起始原料中Si3N4含量为65％时,样品的介电性能最好,其介电常数为4.8,损耗角正切值为0.78×10-2;起始原料中Si3N4含量为35％时,样品的力学性能最好,其抗弯强度为129.5MPa.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.