基于油墨不同叠印的二阶调频网物理网点扩大的研究

建立了二阶调频网点构成的半色调图像光谱预测模型。考虑油墨在不同叠印条件下由于油墨铺展引起的物理网点扩大,采用Yule-Nielsen修正的光谱聂格伯尔模型对打印的二阶调频网点图像的光谱进行预测,然后计算色度值,并与测量值进行比较。实验结果表明,考虑油墨在不同叠印条件下的铺展的EYNSN模型预测的平均和最大色差分别为2.64和6.21,与未考虑油墨铺展的预测结果相比,预测精度有所提高。     

光谱Neugebauer模型的抗差最小二乘优化

Yule-Nielsen修正光谱Neugebauer模型是一种用来预测彩色网目调印刷品颜色的重要光谱预测模型。为了提高Neugebauer模型预测精度,在分析光谱Neugebauer模型和抗差估计理论的基础上,提出了将抗差最小二乘法用于计算模型参数网点面积率和基色光谱反射率。常用的抗差估计方案有:Huber估计和IGG估计。实验表明,当存在粗差的情况下,与传统的最小二乘法相比,抗差最小二乘法的光谱Neugebauer模型的预测精度更高且更为稳定。     

单色半色调墨点非规整Clapper-Yule分程模型

目的 研究非规整的墨点（非二值理想墨点）形态对光谱反射率的影响, 为预测模型的理论研究提供一个新的思路。方法 通过讨论墨点的非规整形态对网点大小、 厚度及油墨透射率的影响, 采用二维高斯函数模拟墨点表面的形态, 由此建立一个Clapper-Yule扩展模型。结果 模型的数值模拟结果表明墨点的非规整性导致了网点的物理扩大, 增加了油墨对光的吸收, 降低了最终的光谱反射率。结论 采用Clapper-Yule分程模型对颜色进行预测时需考虑墨点的非规整所带来的物理网点扩大, 该模型适用于单色半色调的颜色预测与控制。     

基于光谱反射率确定 Y_N 模型公式因数n及有效网点面积率的方法研究

目的基于Y_N模型的打印机正向特征化,考虑到物理网点扩大与光学网点扩大对模型的影响,需要通过单通道墨量限制,以及采用非线性最优化的方法,来确定油墨的有效网点百分比和该模型修正系数n。方法使用ProductionHouse 10.2软件实现单通道的墨量限制,使用非线性最优化的方法计算获得Y_N模型的公式因子n为2.5。结果将此n值带入Y_N模型的反向变换形式,可以获得修正后的有效网点面积率,并获得有效网点百分比与理论网点百分比的一维查找表,进而拟合了理论网点百分比与有效网点百分比,获得网点百分比的传递函数。结论通过单通道墨量限制和引入Y_N模型公式因数n,消除了因物理网点扩大和光学网点扩大对Y_N模型造成的影响,并准确拟合了有效网点百分比与理论网点百分比的传递函数。     

胶印专色油墨配色的研究

在修正纽介堡方程基础上,将三刺激值配色法和光谱配色法相结合(简称"激谱配色法")对胶印专色油墨配色进行了理论与实验研究.根据网点扩大量修正法和指数修正法对纽介堡方程进行了修正,由三刺激值配色法和最小二乘法建立了配色的目标函数,通过求解函数的最小值得到油墨配方.实验结果表明,激谱配色法在进行配色计算时能满足实际配色的要求.     

纽介堡方程计算精度的研究

研究了纽介堡方程的计算精度,即用不同尤尔-尼尔森系数n修正的纽介堡方程计算印品青、品、黄的网点百分比,然后讨论计算精度.实验发现,随着n值的增大,纽介堡方程计算精度降低,且黄色对n值最敏感.     

经典彩色预测模型

针对印刷中原稿和复制品之间存在的色差这一事实,详细介绍了至今为止的几种经典彩色预测模型:如直接针对半色调印刷过程的Neugebauer方程,Yule-Nielsen模型和基于减色原理的Kubelka-Munk理论.通过调节模型中的变量来达到控制色差的目的.     

柔性版印刷网点增大的研究

设计了一个柔性版印刷纸盒的实验方案,通过设计图案、出片、印刷及质量检测得出印版对底片、印品对印版的网点扩大值,分析了柔印中的网点扩大规律,提出了控制网点扩大的方法.     

柔印印版松驰特性对油墨转移的影响分析

研究了柔性感光树脂版的粘弹性和印版的松驰特性对油墨转移的影响,建立了柔性版印刷工艺预测模型,并通过实验对预测模型进行了验证。通过分析印刷过程中柔性印版的变形,建立印版变形和柔性版印刷工艺的预测模型,并确定因印版变形引起网点扩大的关键调节参数,从而提高印版的油墨转移特性。     

调频加网有效网点面积率计算研究

调频加网印刷存在密度计无法测出可靠的调频加网光学密度的问题,使传统的有效网点面积率计算公式(Murray-Davies公式)对于调频加网工艺不再适用.为了解决这个问题,避开密度测量,本文引人Murray-Davies的光谱反射率与网点面积率关系方程,利用最小二乘法求解有效网点面积率.实验结果显示,调频加网网点扩大规律与实际调频加网网点扩大规律基本一致.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.