NiO纳米晶的制备和电化学性能

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)工艺制备纳米NiO粉体,研究了烧结温度对其结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,以醋酸镍、柠檬酸、乙二醇为原料通过酯化-络合过程合成的凝胶,在烧结过程中在430℃完全分解并逐渐形成NiO纳米晶;随着烧结温度的升高,纳米NiO粉体的结构趋于完善、品粒尺寸逐渐增大,其电化学循环性能逐渐提高;在600℃烧结2 h可得到平均粒径约为40 nm、呈球形的NiO纳米晶颗粒.NiO纳米晶的首次和第10次充放电比容量分别高达850 mAh/g和471 mAh/g,具有良好的容量保持率,明显优越于用固相法制备的NiO粉体.     

基于溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体，通过适当控制材料的掺杂量和烧成制度达到细化晶粒、降低烧结温度及降低室温率的目的。讨论了溶胶．凝胶过程中水的加入量、乙酸加入量、乙醇加入量、成胶温度对形成细晶粉体的影响，制备出的BaTiO3粉体具有纯度高、粒径小、均匀性好、活性高、热处理温度低等优点。R-T丁曲线表明1260℃较1240℃烧结具有高的升阻比、温度系数，低的电阻率、居里温度：XRD分析表明所得粉体与BaTiO3主峰相吻合；800℃预烧2h所得BaTiO3粉体的TEM图表明粉体分布较均匀、外形为近似球形，其平均晶粒尺寸约30nm左右，与XRD得到的晶粒相当，单个颗粒是单晶；1240℃下烧结所得样品的SEM图片看出样品的平均晶粒约1～2μm、晶粒较为均匀致密。     

PTCR钛酸钡陶瓷的溶胶—凝胶法制备

通过溶胶-凝胶法制得了PTCR纳米晶粉体，经XRD分析测得粉晶晶体结构和晶粒尺寸。参考PTCR素坯的有关热分析数据对传统陶瓷烧结工艺进行了改进，获得了具有室温电阻率～20Ω·cm，电阻温度系数～15％·℃-1和耐电压强度～110V·mm-1的PTCR钛酸钡陶瓷材料。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备(Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉及表征

采用溶胶－凝胶法成功地合成了（Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉，并利用FTIR技术对凝胶的形成过程及350℃，1．5h煅烧获得的粉体材料进行了表征。实验以TG－DSC分析作为拟定煅烧温度的依据，以XRD作为煅烧产物的分析手段，最佳煅烧温度为600℃，所合成的（Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉的平均晶粒尺寸约为21nm，属钙钛矿型立方顺电相结构。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3的制备及特性研究

用溶胶－凝胶法在一定条件下制备了纯的纳米级γ-Fe2O3，并研究了 热稳定性。XRD结果表明，γ－Fe2O3在500℃温度下烧结后仍为γ－Fe2O3相，随着烧结温度的升高，晶型逐渐由γ相转变为α相；当烧结温度达到900℃时，γ-Fe2O3基本上全部转化为α-Fe2O3。     

高性能BaTiO3基PTCR陶瓷的制备与表征

以乙酸钡和钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备了BaTiO3基PTCR纳米晶粉体.通过热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了粉体的合成过程和晶粒尺寸及相结构;纳米晶粉体经造粒、成型、烧结获得了居里温度(TC)为100℃,室温电阻率(ρ25℃)～18Ω·cm,温度系数(α30)～17%·℃-1,耐电压(Vb)＞195V·mm-1,电阻率突变(ρmax/ρmin)＞ 106的PTC陶瓷材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其显微结构进行了观察.     

纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2粉体，并对其热性能、相结构、颗粒大小和分布进行了表征，结果表明，TiO2干凝胶粉经300℃煅烧后已有锐钛矿相出现，经550℃煅烧后有金红石相出现，完全相转变的温度约为600℃，纳米TiO2粉体的颗粒尺寸随煅烧温度的升高而增大，采用溶胶，凝胶技术制备的干凝胶粉经400℃煅烧后可获得团聚轻、颗粒大小分布比较均匀、颗粒尺寸约为15nm的球状TiO2粉体，     

（TiO2-CdS）／SiO2复合粉体的溶胶一凝胶法合成及晶相转变

以钛酸丁脂为原料，CdS纳米晶为掺杂相，通过正硅酸乙脂水解，用溶胶-凝胶法制备(TiO2-CdS)／SiO2复合粉体。用DTA-TG、XRD和TEM对复合粉体进行表征。发现复合粉体中TiO2从无定型向锐钛矿型的相变温度大约为810℃，从锐钛矿型向金红石型的相变温度为900℃；添加少量的二氧化硅明显地抑制二氧化钛晶粒粒径的增大和相变。     

掺镧BiFeO3纳米颗粒的制备及磁性能分析

以XBiFeO3为基体,掺入不同含量的LaG素,采用溶胶凝胶法制备Bi1-xLaxFeO3纳米颗粒,用失重分析初步确定了粉体适宜的烧结温度范围,用XRD测试手段分析了含La量不同的样品在烧结过程中的相变化以及结构变化,用SEM和TEM观察了粉体的形貌特征和尺寸特征,用SQUID对粉体进行了磁性能分析,结果表明,当烧结温度500℃、烧结时间2h、La掺杂量为0．10-0．20时,可得到纯相产物且结晶性好;当掺La量为0．20时,纳米粉的磁性较好。     

NASICON纳米晶固体材料的制备与烧结致密化

以常规无机试剂和含硅有机试剂为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶过程与压制成型烧结相结合的方法制备了NASICON纳米晶固体材料，利用TG—DTA对前驱凝胶原粉进行了分析测试，结果表明，NASICON相结构的形成温度范围为750-890℃．实验中重点对800-1000℃烧结所得纳米晶材料进行了表征．目的产物的XRD、FT—IR、FE—SEM、IS结果以及阿基米德法致密度测量结果显示，采用合适的烧结温度和周期可以成功制备出具有纳米级颗粒尺寸、良好结晶特性和较高致密度的固体电解质NASICON材料．材料电学特性测试结果表明，所制备的纳米晶固体电解质材料具有良好的离子导电特性和合理的离子传导激活能，其复合电导与温度倒数的Arrhenius图具有很好的线性关系，并且具有较高结晶特性的材料显示出更高的离子电导率．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.