无机陶瓷膜澄清食醋工艺研究

应用无机陶瓷膜微滤技术对老陈醋进行除浊除茵试验研究.通过探讨无机陶瓷膜平均孔径、跨膜压差、膜面流速、操作温度、料液浓缩比等操作参数对过滤效果的影响,确定了适宜的工艺分离条件.无机陶瓷膜澄清食醋工艺在最佳操作条件(常温,采用平均孔径为0.1μm无机陶瓷膜,跨膜压差0.14 MPa、膜面流速2.0 m/s、最大浓缩倍数9)下,平均膜渗透通量可达40 L/(m2·h);过滤后的食醋不仅感观、理化和卫生指标符合国家标准,而且放置两年后无返浑现象.     

疏水陶瓷膜脱除油中水分的研究

对采用平均孔径50nm、表面疏水的陶瓷膜脱除油中水分的过程进行了研究,考察了跨膜压差、膜面流速、原料液水含量对膜渗透通量及水截留率的影响.结果表明,采用疏水陶瓷膜脱除异辛烷中水分可得到较好的分离效果;增大跨膜压差或减小原料液水含量可以增加膜稳定通量,而随着膜面流速的增加,膜稳定通量先升后降.实验得出适宜的操作参数为跨膜压差0.1MPa、膜面流速1.67m/s,获得的水截留率均在98%以上.基于所用陶瓷膜稳定的亲油疏水表面,渗透侧水含量在不同的操作条件下变化很小.     

螺旋形中空纤维超滤膜处理高浓度废水时Dean旋流对膜污染阻力的削弱作用

根据DeaIl旋流原理.以洗毛废水为高浓度废水,用螺旋形中空纤维超滤膜研究透膜压差、膜面流速、料液浓度、Dean参数等对膜污染阻力的影响.结果表明:在50℃,透膜压差△P为80 kPa,膜面流速V为0.68 m/s,螺距6为5 mm,螺径dc为25 mm,处理水质为CODCr46 365 ng/L、羊毛脂12 g/L、pH=8.0、总固体浓度20 158 mg/L时,螺旋形膜透过液通量,是直形膜的1.6～1.96倍,阻力Rf比直形膜降低60%以上.在Dean参数的构成中,提高试验温度和减小螺距对膜污染阻力的削弱效果最为显著.     

混凝和微滤膜组合工艺处理稠油污水的研究

以辽河油田某稠油污水处理厂外排水为对象,采用混凝与微滤膜(MF)处理相结合的方法.从操作压差、膜孔径、混凝处理等多个角度对稠油污水膜分离及组合工艺进行条件优化和效果分析.确定选择0.5 μm孔径膜、0.25 MPa操作压差为膜最佳操作运行条件;通过常规的混凝和膜分离联合处理方法可有效去除稠油废水中悬浮性及部分可溶性有机污染物,处理后出水COD平均浓度86～97 mg/L,去除率达到43.4 %;且膜清洗通量能够恢复96.8%.结果表明该工艺远优于传统工艺,可以作为稠油污水二级处理保障工艺.     

陶瓷微滤膜滤除骨架镍催化剂微粒的研究

提出用陶瓷微滤膜脱除骨架镍催化剂微粒的方法,研究了操作压差、膜面流速、温度和料液浓度等操作条件对膜通量的影响,确定了简单而有效的膜清洗方法与合适的操作条件.结果表明,在本实验中膜的污染现象不严重,主要的膜过滤阻力来自形成的滤饼层,采用平均孔径0.2μm的陶瓷膜,在合适的操作条件下,膜稳定通量为1050L/(m2·h),渗透液中镍含量小于3mg/L,截留率满足了化工产品质量要求.     

高锰酸钾强化混凝/砂滤/超滤组合工艺处理松花江水试验研究

进行中试试验考察了高锰酸钾对混凝/砂滤/超滤组合工艺去除松花江水中污染物的强化效能及对膜渗透性能的影响.结果表明,高锰酸钾可以强化对水中污染物的去除,DOC去除率由21.4%提高到33.4%,UV254去除率由14.2%提高到28.0%,膜出水浊度低于0.1NTU,大于2μm颗粒物少于10个/mL;此外,高锰酸钾可以改善膜渗透性能,延缓了膜通量的降低速率,提高了膜通量.     

超声在陶瓷膜微滤中药口服液过程中的应用研究

研究了在线超声技术在无机陶瓷膜微滤中药口服液中的应用.以膜渗透通量、膜污染阻力分布等为指标,考察了在线连续超声与正常微滤在口服液微滤中的差异,进而对操作条件进行优化.结果表明,超声能显著增强膜的渗透通量,增液口服液、黄芪精口服液的通量提高率分别为26.6%和44.6%.超声波还能有效控制膜表面污染.采用超声强化陶瓷膜微滤中药口服液能有效的减少膜污染、提高膜的利用效率.     

聚合物强化陶瓷膜处理低浓度重金属废水

采用三种孔径分别为200 nm、50 nm和20 nm的陶瓷膜,以聚丙烯酸为络合剂,含Cu2+废水作为模拟废水,研究聚合物强化膜分离处理低浓度重金属废水的过程.重点考察运行时间、跨膜压差、聚合物/金属离子质量浓度比P∶M值及pH对渗透通量和重金属离子截留率的影响.研究表明,控制合适的条件,陶瓷微滤膜和超滤膜对Cu2+均达到99.8%的截留率,且能得到较高的渗透通量.     

陶瓷膜澄清苦丁茶提取液

针对苦丁茶丰富的药用价值及其成分比较复杂难以分离纯化的特点,本文主要研究陶瓷膜对苦丁茶提取液的过滤澄清过程,通过模型计算与实验的方法分析研究了膜孔孔径和操作条件(如操作压差、膜面流速、操作温度和苦丁荼质量浓度等)对过滤过程的影响.结果表明,模型计算结果与实验结果有较好的吻合,陶瓷膜过滤苦丁茶提取液有较好的澄清效果,提取液中固体悬浮物截留率在90%以上,渗透液静置15天仍保持澄清且渗透液中有效成分得到较好的保留,同时确定了以孔径为500 nm的膜管在3 m/s的膜面流速、40℃的操作温度和0.18 MPa的操作压差条件下过滤苦丁茶提取液能获得较好的过滤澄清效果,渗透通量达到400 L/(m2·h).     

膜技术处理含油废水的研究

介绍了膜技术在含油废水处理中的特点和应用前景,针对含油废水的性质,探讨了膜类型的选择、操作压差、膜面流速、操作温度、膜污染及清洗等因素对膜技术处理含油废水的影响.通常情况下,操作压力过大时,膜通量随压力变化较小,而低于该压力时,膜通量随操作压力的增大而提高;膜面流速和温度对膜通量的影响和操作压力的影响类似;膜经过合适的清洗可以基本恢复膜通量.还介绍了膜技术在油田含油废水处理中的实例和存在的问题,并进一步指出今后的发展方向是研究开发经济、高效的污水处理技术,尤其是膜技术和微生物法结合处理油田含油废水的技术.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.