07Cr12NiMoVNb耐热钢回火脆性研究

通过冲击试验和断口形貌分析确定07Cr12NiMoVNb耐热钢有回火脆性,并存在二个回火脆性温度区间(450～525℃和575～625℃)。低温回火脆性到高温回火脆性区间的断口形貌从准解理+解理到解理+沿晶断裂,出现沿晶断裂时,冲击值最低。为方便工程上判断是否出现回火脆性,借用了韧/脆转变的(FATT50)概念。     

回火温度对高强弹簧钢微观组织和冲击性能的影响

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了两种高强弹簧钢50CrMnMoVNb和50CrMnSiVNb钢的微观组织,并对其冲击韧性进行了对比分析。结果表明：50CrMnMoVNb钢的带状偏析程度比50CrMnSiVNb钢更显著,大角度晶界占总晶界比例更高,回火脆性程度更轻。两种弹簧钢冲击韧性的对比结果表明,淬火和在150～400℃回火的50CrMnSiVNb钢其冲击韧性更优。此温度范围内回火的冲击韧性主要受带状偏析程度的影响,偏析带更容易发生解理断裂,进而使冲击裂纹扩展路径更平直;而在400～500℃回火后50CrMnMoVNb钢的冲击韧性更优,主要受回火脆性和大角度晶界比例的影响。在回火过程中板条界面处的薄膜状碳化物使回火脆性大幅度恶化冲击韧性,而大角度晶界对裂纹扩展更强的阻碍作用消耗了更多的能量,使冲击韧性提高。     

冷速及高温回火对低合金高强铸钢组织性能的影响

为提高低合金高强铸钢(HSLA)的综合力学性能,满足恶劣环境下的使用要求.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、冲击试验机、万能材料试验机研究了3种不同冷速及高温回火对HSLA铸钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:随冷速增加,淬火组织发生由多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体→粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体→准上贝氏体+板条马氏体的演变.冷速为1℃/s的空冷样,具有最高的塑韧性;冷速最大的水冷样,其强度、硬度最高.冷却样经580℃回火,其晶界、板条界均有粒状、短棒状的纳米第二相析出,EDS分析表明,100~200 nm的析出相为合金渗碳体(M3C),而50 nm以内的析出相为(V,Ti)(C,N).空冷样回火后有较高强度、最高的塑韧性;油冷、水冷样回火后,Re提高,Rm略有下降,AkU降低与高温回火脆性的发生有关,但-40℃的AkU仍有60、40 J,具有较好的低温冲击韧性.可见,试验HSLA铸钢表现出良好的综合力学性能,能满足在恶劣环境下的使用要求.     

核电土建设备产品见证件弯曲试验钢筋断裂原因分析

某核电土建设备产品见证件在弯曲试验时发生钢筋纵向断裂现象,采用化学成分分析、硬度检测、金相检验和冲击试验等方法对钢筋的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于产品焊接时的热量将钢筋加热到了产生第二类回火脆性的温度,加之焊后冷却速度过慢,使杂质元素在晶界处偏聚,造成晶界弱化而产生脆性,从而导致产品见证件在弯曲试验时于钢筋处纵向断裂。     

冷处理温度对CF62C低合金高强度钢冲击性能的影响

在-50℃至室温范围的不同温度对CF62C低合金高强度钢进行冷处理,将冷处理试样和室温下的试样进行夏比(V型)冲击试验,并对冲击试样进行冲击吸收能量测试和显微组织、断口形貌的分析。研究结果表明:CF62C钢在室温和0~-40℃的冷处理条件下有良好的低温冲击韧度,在-40℃冲击吸收功大于300J,而冷处理温度下降至-50℃时,冲击吸收功小于135J,且其断口微观特征呈沿晶脆性断口;CF62C钢的脆性转变温度为-50℃。     

20MnSi螺纹钢筋第二类回火脆性研究

对２０ＭｎＳｉ螺纹钢筋淬火后进行不同温度回火,通过冲击试验研究２０ＭｎＳｉ螺纹钢筋第二类回火脆性产生的温度。试验确诊２０ＭｎＳｉ螺纹风筋的第二类回火脆性产生温度在５７０－５８０℃。     

回火温度对5.5Ni低温钢组织和力学性能的影响

用XRD,SEM及TEM等手段表征5.5Ni钢在不同回火温度下逆转变奥氏体的含量、形貌和尺寸等的变化,研究了回火温度对5.5Ni钢力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:在580-600℃回火后5.5Ni钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度变化不明显;在620℃回火后抗拉强度小幅度提高,屈服强度却大幅度降低,延伸率持续升高;在580-620℃回火,随着回火温度的提高5.5Ni钢中的逆转变奥氏体体积分数虽逐渐增加,冲击功却不断降低。稳定程度高且细小均匀弥散分布的片层状逆转变奥氏体,是在580℃回火后冲击功高达148 J的主要原因。钢中有两类逆转变奥氏体,一类是片层状的,宽度为20 nm,长度不一,有利于提高钢的低温韧性;另一类是块状的,呈团簇状分布,尺寸约为200 nm,对钢的低温韧性有害。     

直接淬火低碳贝氏体钢的回火组织与力学性能

利用SEM,TEM等实验方法,研究了不同回火温度对直接淬火Fe-Mn-Mo-Nb-Ti系低碳贝氏体组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,580℃回火后钢板具有最佳综合力学性能,抗拉强度805MPa,屈服强度719MPa,延伸率25.8%,-20℃冲击功106J.随回火温度的升高,板条贝氏体回复作用逐渐加强,位错通过运动、合并...     

14Ni3CrMoV锻钢的回火脆性研究

对14Ni3CrMoV锻钢的回火脆性进行研究的结果表明,回火脆性可以通过对冲击试样断口观察、晶界腐蚀、透射电镜分析和俄歇电子能谱分析等方法来判断,该锻钢的回火脆性与磷在晶界的偏聚和连续第二相在晶界的析出有关。     

物理金相三级人员试题参考答案

二　问答题2 4 .沿晶断裂是裂纹沿晶界扩展而造成金属材料的脆断。在失效分析中常见的有以下几种类型的沿晶断裂形式 :(1)晶界沉淀相造成的沿晶断裂。晶界上不连续的沉淀相在外力作用下 ,在其周围首先形成微孔 ,后经长大连接成为晶界裂纹 ,最后造成沿晶断裂 ,此时为沿晶韧窝断裂。若晶界上沉淀相粒子形成脆性网状薄膜 ,此时断裂为脆性薄膜分裂型。(2 )杂质元素偏聚造成的沿晶脆断。杂质元素Ｐ ,Ｓ ,Ｓｂ ,Ａｓ和Ｓｎ等在晶界上存在并达到一定浓度时 ,它们将降低晶界内聚能 ,从而引起脆断。如高强度低合金钢的回火脆性就是典型例子。(3)由环…     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.