Al2O3基复合材料中纳米SiC对微观结构的影响

本文从烧结温度、基体晶粒大小、断裂方式、SiC在基体中的分布等几个方面研究了纳米SiC颗粒的加入对Al2O3微观结构的影响．用非均相沉淀工艺制备的纳米SiC-Al2O3复合粉体，具有Al2O3颗粒包裹纳米SiC的特点，提高了烧结温度，明显使Al2O3晶粒变小，并且抑制晶粒异常长大，试样的断裂方式从以沿晶断裂为主转变到以穿晶断裂为主．SiC在Al2O3中分布均匀，大部分位于晶粒内，少部分位于晶界上．这种微观结构有利于力学性能的提高．     

SiC-ZrO2(3Y)-Al2O3纳米复相陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

本文介绍用非均相沉淀方法制备的纳米SiC-ZrO2(3Y)-Al2O3复合粉体经放电等离子超快速烧结得到晶内型的纳米复相陶瓷,超快速烧结的升温速率为600℃/min,在烧结温度不保温,迅即在3 min内冷却至600°C以下. 力学性能研究结果表明,在1450℃超快速烧结得到的纳米复相陶瓷的抗弯强度高达1200MPa,断裂韧性K1c为5 MPa1/2. TEM像显示纳米SiC颗粒大多分布在Al2O3母体晶粒内,也有一些纳米SiC颗粒分布在ZrO2晶粒内. 断裂表面的SEM像表明,穿晶断裂是其主要的断裂模式,这是所制备的纳米复相陶瓷力学性能大幅提高的主要原因.     

TiN-Al2O3纳米复合材料的力学性能和导电性能

以纳米TiN和α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用球磨混合法制备了纳米TiN-Al2O3复合粉体,通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体.研究了纳米TiN颗粒对Al2O3材料力学性能和导电性能的影响,实验结果表明:在Al2O3基体中加入15vol％TiN纳米颗粒时,Al2O3材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别从370MPa和3.4MPa·m1/2提高到690MPa和5.1MPa·m1/2,随着TiN添加量的增加,复合材料的电阻率逐渐降低,在25vol％TiN时达到最低值(6.5×10-3Ω·cm).     

Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）层状纳米复合材料的制备与性能优化

为优化Al2O3层状复合材料的制备工艺及力学性能,选用不同初始粉体为原料制备了系列Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状复合材料。借助X射线衍射、冷场发射扫描电镜和万能试验机等手段,系统考察了粉体结构和形貌对层状复合材料显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:初始粉体的颗粒尺寸及尺寸分布会显著影响层状复合材料的显微结构及力学性能,以球磨微-纳米复合粉体为原料制备的层状复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂功分别可达740MPa及3892J.m-2。同时,材料具有较高的层间结合强度,平行于层方向的抗弯强度高达436MPa。     

Al2O3/ZrO2/ZrSiO4复合材料的研究

在Al2O3颗粒补强锆英石陶瓷的研究基础上,探讨了Al2O3与ZrO2共同对锆英石陶瓷的协同补强增韧行为.制备的锆英石基复合材料的室温抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别可达383.31MPa、4.39 MPa·m12.采用XRD分析了复合材料的相组成,采用SEM观察复合材料的断面形貌.结果显示:ZrSiO4为主要晶相,另外还有少量Al2O3和ZrO2存在;第二种增强体ZrO2的最佳引入量为20％(质量分数);确定复合材料的强韧化是由Al2O3和ZrO2颗粒引起的裂纹偏转、微裂纹增韧与ZrO2颗粒引起的相变增韧共同作用而实现的,断裂方式主要为穿晶断裂.     

原位化学法制备纳米ZrO2/Cu复合材料的研究

为了提高铜基复合材料的强度和电导率,采用具有良好机械性能和热物理性能的ZrO2(3%(摩尔分数)Y2O3)作为增强相,原位化学法制备了ZrO2纳米颗粒增强铜基复合材料,其主要制备工艺包括前驱复合粉体CuO、ZrO2的制备,经氢气还原得到ZrO2/Cu复合粉,再经过压制,真空烧结,复压等工序制得最后的样品.研究了制备工艺包括初压压力,烧结温度、时间对材料性能的影响;结果表明,在初压压力为550MPa,975℃烧结1.5h时,可得到最佳性能复合材料.透射电镜观察表明,在ZrO2/Cu纳米复合粉中,氧化锆纳米颗粒形状为圆形和四方形,平均尺寸约为20nm左右.纳米ZrO2在基体中分布均匀,细化了晶粒,提高材料硬度,使复合材料具有良好的综合性能.随着ZrO2含量的提高,密度、电导率降低,硬度升高.     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

YAG-Al2O3纳米复合材料的制备和力学性能

本文介绍用化学共沉淀和在适当温度下煅烧以直接制备YAG-Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的新方法．XRD结果表明,所得粉体具纯的YAG和α-Al2 O3相,因此其化学组成符合配料的组分设计．用本方法制备的25vol％YAG-Al2 O3复合粉体经热压烧结,所得的致密体材料为晶内型纳米复合材料,其抗弯强度达612MPa,断裂韧性为4．54MPa．m-1/2,都比单相Al2 O 3陶瓷有大幅度提高．     

纳米SiC颗粒对Al2O3基体中ZrO2约束稳定的影响

采用热压的方法制备了纳米SiC颗粒复合的Al2O3-ZrO2陶瓷材料，研究了纳米SiC颗粒对样品烧结性能以及对Al2O3基体中ZrO2约束稳定的影响。结果表明，纳米SiC颗粒的加入影响样品的烧结性能。处于晶界的纳米SiC颗粒降低了基体材料对ZrO2颗粒的约束，不利于四方相ZrO2在室温下的保留。     

纳米Al2O3p/Cu复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米Al2O3p/Cu复合材料粉体,复合粉体经过压制、烧结和挤压后成为铜复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电导仪等测试方法,研究了球磨后的复合粉体和复合材料显微结构、电导率和硬度.实验证明,粉体经过2h以上球磨后,Al2O3相逐渐消失,复合粉体为纳米晶结构,晶粒直径66～87nm.随着Al2O3粉体含量增加,铜复合材料的电导率显著下降.烧结后挤压有利于复合材料导电性能的提高.当Al2O3粉体含量1wt%、球磨6h时,烧结后重新挤压的复合材料试样电导率IACS 76%、硬度HB 83.8.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

La2O3在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2微晶玻璃中的作用

在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2玻璃中添加不同数量的氧化镧，采用差热分析，X射线衍射及电子显微镜等技术研究了氧化镧对玻璃析晶过程与力学性能的影响。氧化镧的加入使玻璃中析出α－堇青石相的温度降低，同时避免了高膨胀方石英相的析出。随着氧化镧加入量的增加，玻璃整体析晶能力下降，微晶玻璃中晶相含量减少，晶粒尺寸增大，微晶玻璃的弹性模量与硬度减小，断裂韧性增加，体现出大尺寸长柱状金红石晶粒的增韧作用。     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Yb3+掺杂SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3玻璃的物理性质及光谱性质

选取玻璃组分60SiO2-xBi2O3-(30-x)B2O3-2K2O-7Na2O-1Yb2O3(以mo1％记，x=0，5，10，15，20，25，30)为研究对象．通过测试试样的物理性质和光谱性质，应用倒易法(reciprocity method)计算Yb^3 离子的受激发射截面(σeml)，并且计算了Yb^3 的自发辐射几率(Arad)，2F5／2能级的辐射寿命(Trad)．讨论了玻璃中Bi2O3和B2O3的组成变化对其物理性质、Yb^3 离子的吸收特性、发光特性以及OH^-离子对实测Yb^3 荧光寿命(Tf)的影响．结果表明：Yb^3 掺杂的SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3具有较好的光谱性能，是一种新型的Yb^3 掺杂双包层光纤候选基质材料．     

Liquid-vapor equilibria in the binary systems AsCl3-1,1,1-C2H3Cl3, AsCl3-1,1,2-C2H3Cl3, and AsCl3-C2HCl3O

Experimental data are presented on the liquid-vapor equilibria in the binary systems AsCl₃-1,1,1-trichloroethane, AsCl₃-1,1,2-trichloroethane, and AsCl₃-dichloroacetyl chloride.__________Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2005, pp. 503–507.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Potolokov, Nikolashin, Menshchikova, Fedorov.     

Phase relations of the Li2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 and Li2O-WO3-B2O3 systems and promising nonlinear optical compounds in K2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 system

The subsolidus phase equilibria of the Li₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃, K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃ and Li₂O-WO₃-B₂O₃ systems have been investigated mainly by means of the powder X-ray diffraction method. Two ternary compounds, KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were confirmed in the system K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃. Crystal structure of compound KTaB₂O₆ has been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic, space group Pmn2₁ (No. 31), with lattice parameters a = 7.3253(4) Å, b = 3.8402(2) Å, c = 9.3040(5) Å, z = 2 and D_calc = 4.283 g/cm³. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients of KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were five times and two times as large as that of KH₂PO₄ (KDP), respectively.     

Subsolidus phase equilibria in the Al2O3-CeO2-PbO and Al2O3-CeO2-RuO2 systems

The subsolidus phase equilibria in air for the Al₂O₃-CeO₂-PbO and Al₂O₃-CeO₂-RuO₂ systems were studied with the aim of obtaining information on possible interactions between a CeO₂-based solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and other oxides. No ternary compound was found in either of the systems. The tie line in the Al₂O₃-PbO-CeO₂ system is between Al₂Pb₂O₅ and the CeO₂.     

Bi2O3助熔剂对CaO-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3玻璃陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

以CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂(CBS)玻璃粉体和Al₂O₃陶瓷粉体为原料,通过在CBS与Al₂O₃的质量比固定为50:50的玻璃-陶瓷复合材料中添加适量的Bi₂O₃作为烧结助熔剂,探讨了Bi₂O₃助熔剂对CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数的影响规律.研究表明:Bi₂O₃助熔剂能通过降低CBS玻璃的转变温度和黏度促进CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的致密化进程,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得结构较致密、气孔较少的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料.然而,过量添加Bi₂O₃将使玻璃的黏度过低,从而恶化CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能及抗弯强度.当Bi₂O₃的添加量为CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的1.5wt%时,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得最为致密的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料,密度为2.82 g·cm^-3,这一材料具有良好的介电性能(介电常数为7.21,介电损耗为1.06×10^-3),抗弯强度为190.34 MPa,0~300 ℃的热膨胀系数为3.52×10^-6 K^-1.     

Properties and Structures of Bi2O3-B2O3-TeO2 Glass

Glass formation range of Bi₂O₃—B₂O₃—TeO₂ system has been investigated（B₂O₃ < 40 mol%）.Four glasses with compositions xBi₂O₃—3OB₂O₃—（70—x）TeO₂（x = 40,50,60 and 70 mol%） have been prepared by using melt quenching technique.The effect of Bi₂O₃ content on thermal stability,optical properties and structures of these four Bi₂O₃—B₂O₃—TeO₂ glasses is systematically investigated by inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer（ICP）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.It is found that the density,refractive index and optical basicity increase with increasing Bi₂O₃.The Raman spectra and XPS spectra show that the glass network is mainly constituted by the[BiO₆] octahedron,[TeO₄]trigonal bipyramidal,[TeO₃]trigonal pyramid,[BO₃]trigonal pyramid and[BO₄]tetrahedron structural units.With increasing Bi₂O₃,the coordination number around B atom changes from 3 to 4 and [TeO₄]units are converted to[TeO₃]units.Bi⁵⁺ ions may exist in Bi₂O₃—B₂O₃—TeO₂（BBT） system and their amount grows with increasing Bi₂O₃ content.