NaYF4:Er3+六棱柱的水热合成及上转换发光性能

以氟化钠、硝酸钇、硝酸铒为原料,利用水热法合成NaYF4:Er3+材料。利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收(FT-IR)以及发光光谱等手段对产物的物相结构、形貌和荧光性能进行分析。结果表明,NaYF4:Er3+为六角棱柱晶体,属于六方晶系,具有P63/m(176)空间点群结构。在980nm光激发下,NaYF4:Er3+展现出强的上转换光,波长在520nm和539nm为绿光发射,对应为Er3+离子的2 H11/2→4/I15/2和4S3/2→4/I15/2跃迁发射,而652nm为红光发射,则对应于Er3+离子的4F9/2→4/I15/2跃迁发射。     

NaYF4∶Er3+六棱柱的水热合成及上转换发光性能

以氟化钠、硝酸钇、硝酸铒为原料,利用水热法合成NaYF4∶Er3+材料.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收(FT-IR)以及发光光谱等手段对产物的物相结构、形貌和荧光性能进行分析.结果表明,NaYF4∶Er3+为六角棱柱晶体,属于六方晶系,具有P63/m(176)空间点群结构.在980nm光激发下,NaYF4∶Er3+展现出强的上转换光,波长在520 nm和539 nm为绿光发射,对应为Er3+离子的2 H11/2→4/I15/2和4S33/2→4/I15/2跃迁发射,而652nm为红光发射,则对应于Er3+离子的4 F9/2→4/I15/2跃迁发射.     

Ho~(3+)掺杂Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃中红外发光性能研究

采用熔融冷却法制备了系列不同Ho3+离子掺杂浓度的Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃样品,测试了样品的折射率、吸收光谱以及中红外荧光光谱和Ho3+离子5I6能级荧光寿命.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Ho3+离子在该基质玻璃中强度参数Ωi(i=2,4,6)、能级跃迁振子强度fcal、自发跃迁几率Arad等光谱参数.计算了Ho3+:5I5→5I6(3.86μm)和5I6→5I7(2.81μm)跃迁的多声子驰豫速率.讨论了中红外荧光特性与Ho3+离子掺杂浓度之间的关系.结果表明,在900nm激光泵浦下观察到了2.81和3.86μm两处中红外荧光,分别对应于Ho3+:5I6→5I7和5I5→5I6跃迁,当Ho3+离子掺杂浓度从0.5wt%增加到1.0wt%时,两处中红外荧光强度都随相应增加,计算的Ho3+:5I5→5I6和5I6→5I7跃迁多声子驰豫速率分别为29s-1和34s-1.     

OH-对Er3+掺杂Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃中红外荧光特性的影响

采用蒸馏提纯工艺制备了五组不同Er3+离子掺杂浓度的Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃样品,测试了样品的折射率、红外透过光谱,以及800nm激光泵浦下样品在2.85μm处的中红外荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了样品中OH?在3μm处的红外吸收系数以及Er3+离子与OH?基团相互作用的强度参量KOH-Er,讨论了OH?根杂质对样品中红外荧光特性的影响.结果表明:蒸馏提纯工艺能有效降低玻璃样品中的OH?残留量,增强Er3+离子2.85μm中红外荧光强度和荧光寿命.计算得到KOH-Er值为1.08×10?16cm4/s,由于Er3+离子与OH?之间单声子能量转移的高效性,残存的少量OH?基团仍会影响2.85μm荧光的强度.     

水热法合成NaYF_4∶Er~(3+)/Pr~(3+)上转换发光性能

以氟化钠、硝酸钇、硝酸铒、硝酸镨为原料,采用水热法合成了NaYF4∶Er3+/Pr3+上转换荧光粉。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、荧光光谱(PL)等方法对产物的形貌、结构和发光性能进行表征。结果表明,NaYF4∶Er3+/Pr3+粉体外观主要是六边棱柱,属于六方晶系,具有P63/m(176)空间点群结构。在980nm激光激发下表现出了强的上转换发光性能。其中波长520.5nm和539nm位置为绿光发射,在652m位置为红光发射,分别对应的是Er3+离子的2 H11/2→4 I15/2、4 S3/2→4 I15/2跃迁发射和4 F9/2→4 I15/2跃迁发射。Pr3+上电子向Er3+的能量迁移提高了发光强度。     

Er3+掺杂GdVO4纳米粒子的制备及发光性能研究

用水热法制备了Er3+掺杂GdVO4纳米荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光(FL)光谱、红外光谱仪(FTIR)对合成样品的结构和发光性能进行表征。探讨了焙烧温度、pH值以及络合剂对GdVO4∶Er3+纳米晶的结构和发光的影响。在760nm近红外光和380nm紫外光激发下激发样品,出现了较强的525nm、553nm特征绿光上转换和下转换发射。其中525nm和553nm分别来自于Er3+离子的2 H11/2→4I15/2和4S3/2→4I15/2跃迁产生。     

Er~(3+)离子掺杂浓度对碲酸盐玻璃光学跃迁及上转换发光性质的影响

采用高温熔融淬火法制备了Er3+掺杂碲酸盐玻璃。测量了不同Er3+浓度掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了J-O参数Ωλ(λ=2,4,6),讨论了Er3+离子浓度对碲酸盐玻璃性质的影响。在980 nm激发下,测量了样品的上转换荧光发射谱,在室温下观察到绿光(525 nm)和红光(655 nm)发射,其分别对应于Er3+的2H11/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁到Er3+/Yb3+,通过分析变激光功率激发下上转换发光光谱强度的变化,得到绿光和红光发射都是双光子过程。此外,还研究了样品的浓度猝灭机制,给出了交叉弛豫的路径。     

CeO2∶Er3+纳米晶的合成及上转换发光特性研究

采用燃烧法制备得到CeO2∶Er3+纳米晶粉末.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和荧光分光光度计等对CeO2∶Er3+纳米晶的结构、形貌和上转换发光特性进行了研究.结果表明:所得到的纳米晶粒度均匀、结晶完好,属于立方萤石结构.上转换发光光谱的研究表明:在980nm红外光激发下,可以发现上转换荧光,分别来自于Er3+离子的2H11/2,4S3/2→4 I15/2和4 F9/2→4I15/2跃迁.     

PEG修饰YF_3微米晶的溶剂热合成及Y_(1.2)F_3:Yb_(0.18)~(3+)/Er_(0.01)~(3+)上转换荧光性质

采用溶剂热方法,乙醇和乙二醇的混合溶剂中,150℃条件下,反应12h,成功制备了YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体,和PEG-6000修饰的YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体。通过X射线粉末衍射,扫描电镜(SEM),红外光谱(IR)和荧光分光光度计对样品的组成、结构和荧光性质进行了表征和分析。结论为:YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体与YF3标准卡PDF#74-0911相符,而PEG-6000修饰的YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体的标准卡为PDF#32-1431,说明PEG的修饰导致晶体结构的变化。室温下,以980nm为激发光源,YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体和PEG修饰的YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体的荧光发射峰位置均为551nm、666nm和832nm,其分别对应于Er3+离子的4S3/2→4I15/2,4F9/2→4I15/2和4S3/2→4I13/2跃迁。但荧光强度不同。讨论了表面活性剂聚乙二醇的加入对YF3:Yb3+/Er3+晶体形貌,尺寸及荧光性质的影响,并对Yb3+/Er3+上转换发光机理进行了讨论。     

掺Er~(3+)重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究

研究了重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子的吸收光谱、有效吸收和发射线宽、荧光光谱、荧光半高宽、荧光寿命、带宽特性和增益性能.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er3+离子的强度参数Ωt(t=2,4,6),应用McCumber计算了能级4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的吸收和受激发射截面.结果显示,随PbF2含量增加,Er3+离子的强度参数Ω6,吸收线宽、发射线宽、荧光半高宽、荧光寿命、带宽特性和增益性能都增加.表明掺Er3+重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃可作为宽带光纤放大器潜在的基质材料.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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