土木工程结构智能感知材料、传感器与健康监测系统

随着智能感知材料的发展,高性能传感器及其测试技术为结构智能健康监测系统的研究与发展提供了崭新的途径,结构智能健康监测已经成为诸多领域的前沿研究方向.本文重点介绍了作者近年来基于智能感知材料发展的智能传感器及土木工程结构智能健康监测系统的研究成果.主要包括光纤光栅应变和温度传感器与压电薄膜(PVDF)应变和裂缝监测传感器及其性能;无线传感器网络与无线传输技术及其性能与工程应用;碳纤维智能传感器与纤维增强-光纤光栅应变传感器及其性能;智能混凝土与智能混凝土标准应变传感器及其性能;智能健康监测系统及其工程应用.最后,介绍了我国在重大工程结构智能健康监测领域的立项情况.     

基于数据挖掘的设备状态监测和故障诊断

从设备状态监测和故障诊断与数据挖掘技术之间的相互关系出发，在全面地介绍数据挖掘的起源、发展和相关产品的基础之上，重点讨论了它在特征提取、状态识别、诊断决策等与设备状态监测和故障诊断相关领域中的应用，指出将数据挖掘应用于设备状态监测和故障诊断领域具有重要的研究价值和实际应用意义。     

多路径效应在GPS结构健康监测中的研究进展

先进的GPS技术已成为结构健康监测的一种有效手段,但其测试精度始终受到多路径效应的干扰。本文首先介绍了结构健康监测的概念以及目前常用的监测方法,归纳了GPS对土木工程结构健康监测的独特优越性;然后,在简要介绍GPS监测原理和几个典型工程应用的基础上,重点论述了GPS监测中多路径效应产生的原因、消除策略以及国内外研究现状,最后对多路径效应需要进一步重点研究的问题进行了展望。     

压电阻抗法及用于土木工程结构健康监测中的研究

本文浅析阻抗法的基本原理,系统分析了压电阻抗健康监测技术的研究现状,探究了在应用和研究过程中存在的问题,并对压电阻抗法及其用于土木工程结构健康监测的进一步发展进行了展望。     

基于GPS的高耸结构动态特性监测

在土木工程领域,GPS作为一种新的结构振动健康监测方法正受到广泛关注.以在建的广州新电视塔(塔高610 m)为研究背景,利用RTK-GPS测量技术对其在台风以及一般风荷载作用下的动态特性进行了监测试验,获得了电视塔核心筒顶部一个测点沿其短轴和长轴方向的动位移时程曲线,位移曲线的谱分析结果表明,利用动态GPS观测能精确地识别出高耸结构物的低阶振动频率,其识别结果同加速度计识别结果以及有限元模型分析结果吻合很好.研究结果表明,在高耸结构施工监控和健康监测中,应用动态GPS技术进行环境激励动态特性监控是一种有效的方法.     

FBG智能传感器及其在土木工程中的应用研究

光纤光栅传感器已经越来越得到土木工程界的认可,并应用到了实际工程.针对大型土木工程结构长期健康监测的变形监测需要,在光纤光栅传输理论的基础上,分析了光纤光栅应变与温度传感特性以及光纤光栅应变传感的温度补偿原理和方法;研制开发出满足工程应用的光纤光栅封装传感器、FRP-OFBG复合智能筋、光纤光栅智能拉索;此外,考虑传感器开发和工程应用的需要,研究了光纤光栅应变传感的界面传递机理和误差修正.最后,建立了光纤光栅智能监测系统,并成功地将光纤光栅传感器应用到实际桥梁结构的施工与运营监测.     

结构健康监测数据科学与工程

结构健康监测作为保障重大工程结构安全的重要技术,近些年来在世界范围内得到了快速的发展和应用,国内外许多大型工程结构安装了监测系统并且积累了海量的监测数据。结构健康监测数据分析与挖掘越来越受到国内外学者的关注,成为当前国际上土木工程领域的热点研究方向,该文结合国际上应用数学和信息领域的最新成果,总结课题组在结构健康监测数据分析与挖掘方面的最新研究进展,主要包括:基于压缩感知理论结构健康监测数据处理、车辆荷载空间分布识别、斜拉索实时索力识别、复杂因素耦合作用下斜拉索安全评定、结构健康监测的Benchmark模型、结构健康监测的数据分析与挖掘软件系统以及桥梁结构安全监测技术规程等方面的内容。     

数据挖掘技术综述

数据挖掘是近年来数据库领域中出现的一个新兴研究热点.数据挖掘是对数据库数据的统计分析,其摹础是人工智能阐述了数据挖掘技术的背景,就数据挖掘的主要分析技术进行研究和分类介绍目前数据挖掘常用的技术及数据挖掘过程,指出数据挖掘技术未来的发展方向.     

土木工程结构用智能感知材料、传感器与健康监测系统的研发现状

随着智能感知材料的发展，高性能传感器及其测试技术为结构智能健康监测系统的研究与发展提供了崭新的途径，结构智能健康监测已经成为诸多领域的前沿研究方向。本文重点介绍了作者近年来基于智能感知材料的智能传感器及土木工程结构智能健康监测系统的研究成果。主要包括：光纤光栅应变和温度传感器与压电薄膜（PVDF）应变和裂缝监测传感器及其性能；无线传感器网络与无线传输技术及其性能与工程应用；碳纤维智能传感器与纤维增强-光纤光栅应变传感器及其性能；智能混凝土与智能混凝土标准应变传感器及其性能；智能健康监测系统及其工程应用。     

土木工程系统辨识统计方法的现状与展望

土木工程由于内在材料的离散性,结构体系的复杂性,外在环境因素的随机性,有必要引入统计方法来进行面向健康监测的损伤辨识。探讨了土木工程系统辨识的定义,分析了现有研究中与统计方法相关的Bayesian统计、随机有限元、统计模式辨识、损伤特征辨识的统计描述及其他等五类研究;根据土木工程系统辨识的特点与已有研究,展望了统计方法进一步的研究前景与方向。     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates

We have synthesized a variety of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatometallates (titanates, zirconates, and hafnates). The alkali fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates have been shown to exhibit efficient roentgenoluminescence (RL) in the UV through visible spectral region, with a maximum at 390–440 nm. Their RL spectra depend significantly on their composition (cation, anion, and water content), coordination of KF and K₂SO₄, and relative amounts of fluorine and SO₄ groups. We have examined the effect of heat treatment on the RL of these compounds. The rubidium and cesium fluorosulfatozirconates Rb₃Zr₂F₉SO₄ · 2H₂O, Cs₂ZrF₂(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O, Cs₈Zr₄F₂(SO₄)₁₁ · 16H₂O, and Cs₂ZrF₄SO₄ offer the most efficient RL.     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Heat and Mass Transfer and Modeling and Prediction of Environmental Catastrophes

Basic definitions and concepts of the physicomathematical theory of natural catastrophes are given. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of natural and technogenic catastrophes are discussed in the context of the theory of heat and mass transfer and the mechanics of reacting media. The importance of taking into account conjugate heat and mass exchange in modeling catastrophes is emphasized. A formula for evaluating the probability of a collisional catastrophe is given.     

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.     

CellML and associated tools and techniques

We have, in the last few years, witnessed the development and availability of an ever increasing number of computer models that describe complex biological structures and processes. The multi-scale and multi-physics nature of these models makes their development particularly challenging, not only from a biological or biophysical viewpoint but also from a mathematical and computational perspective. In addition, the issue of sharing and reusing such models has proved to be particularly problematic, with the published models often lacking information that is required to accurately reproduce the published results. The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project was launched in 1997 with the aim of tackling the aforementioned issues by providing a framework for the modelling of the human body. As part of this initiative, the specifications of the CellML mark-up language were released in 2001. Now, more than 7 years later, the time has come to assess the situation, in particular with regard to the tools and techniques that are now available to the modelling community. Thus, after introducing CellML, we review and discuss existing editors, validators, online repository, code generators and simulation environments, as well as the CellML Application Program Interface. We also address possible future directions including the need for additional mark-up languages.     

The shape and stability of wall-bound and wall-edge-bound drops and bubbles

The behavior of wall-bound drops and bubbles is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. Key characteristics of such capillary systems include interface shape and stability for a variety of gravity levels and orientations. Significant solutions are in hand for axisymmetric pendent drops for a variety of uniform boundary conditions along the contact line with gravity acting normal to a planar wall. The special case of a wall-bound drop or bubble that is also pinned at an edge (i.e. a ‘wall-edge-bound’ drop) is considered here where numerical solutions are obtained for interface shape and stability as functions of drop volume, contact angle, fluid properties, and uniform gravity vector. For a semi-infinite zero-thickness planar wall (plate), a critical contact angle is identified below which wall-edge-bound drops are always stable. The critical contact angle is computed as a function of the gravity vector. The numerical procedure, which makes no account for contact angle hysteresis, predicts that such wall-edge-bound drops are unconditionally unstable for any gravity field with a component that is tangent to the wall while inwardly normal to the edge. Select experiments are conducted that support the conclusions drawn from the numerical results.