1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用切割-浇注法, 以硫铝酸盐水泥为基体, 制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料。详细阐述了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备过程; 研究了0.375Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.375PbTiO₃-0.25PbZrO₃压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的压电性能、 介电性能和声阻抗的影响。结果表明: 压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能有很大影响, 随着w/t的增加, 其压电应变常数d₃₃、 机电耦合系数K_p与K_t、 机械品质因数Q_m、 介电常数ε_r和介电损耗tanδ均随着w/t的增加而减小, 而压电电压常数g₃₃值几乎不受w/t的影响。在压电陶瓷体积分数仅为22.72%的条件下, 调节压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t至0.130, 可使复合材料的声阻抗与混凝土的声阻抗十分接近, 从而有效地解决了智能材料在土木工程中的声阻抗相容性问题。      

装药密度对空气冲击波参数影响的实验研究

文中采用电测法对密度为1.0～1.5g/cm³的装药爆炸产生的冲击波参数进行了实验研究。分析测试结果得到了冲击波参数与装药密度的关系曲线及回归系数,并与经验公式计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,当ρ在1.5 g/cm³时Δp_m、 t₊、 i₊实测数值与经验公式计算结果相符,此外还得出了t_-、 t_r、 θ与装药密度的关系,对进一步探讨冲击波特征有一定参考价值。     

ZrO2/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料介电性能及松弛行为

通过熔融法制备了ZrO₂/聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）复合材料,采用SEM、XRD和FTIR对其形貌和结构进行分析,结果表明,ZrO₂分布较为均匀,ZrO₂/PVDF复合材料主要含α相和少量γ相。采用宽频介电谱（BDS）测试,ZrO₂/PVDF复合材料介电常数ε'随ZrO₂含量的增加而增加,而介电损耗tanδ保持定值,表明ZrO₂的加入可以显著提高ZrO₂/PVDF复合材料的介电性能。经计算ZrO₂/PVDF复合材料介电模量M″和活化能,发现有玻璃化转变峰、缺陷峰和界面极化峰存在,而加入ZrO₂后,ZrO₂/PVDF复合材料活化能增加。      

双(N-间乙炔基苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)醚改性甲基二苯乙炔基硅烷

甲基二苯乙炔基硅烷 (MDPES) 聚合后具有耐高温、低介电损耗等优异性能,但力学性能低。采用双 (N-间乙炔基苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺) 醚 (DAIE) 添加到MDPES中进行共聚改性。通过二者不同质量配比的共聚反应发现,当M_DAIE /M_MDPES=4∶5时,共聚后改性效果较好,在氮气中的T_d5 (质量损失5% 时的温度) 为467℃,800℃时质量保留率为82.7%,所制备的复合材料在常温下弯曲强度达到274MPa;高温弯曲强度保留率为88.5%。在频率为1MHz时介电常数为4.18,介电损耗角正切tanδ为2.5×10-3。      

FeCoZrNbB合金的晶化过程及磁性能

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 系非晶合金,并对该系非晶合金进行热处理。利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究FeCoZrNbB 合金系的晶化过程和磁性能。结果表明,Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 系合金在快淬速率为30 m/s时完全形成非晶。Fe₇₉Co₂Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀合金的晶化过程为非晶→非晶+α-Fe→α-Fe + Fe₃Zr + Fe₂Nb_0.4Zr_0.6;Fe₇₇Co₄Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀与Fe₇₅Co₆Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀合金的晶化过程相同为非晶→非晶+α-Fe→ α-Fe + Fe₃Zr →α-Fe + Fe₃Zr + Fe₂Nb_0.4Zr_0.6。Co 含量的增加抑制了退火后α-Fe晶相的形核,并促使Fe 3Zr化合物更易析出。Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 合金的比饱和磁化强度( M_s) 和矫顽力 ( H_c) 随退火温度的变化趋势相同。530℃ 之前退火,随退火温度的升高M s增加并不明显 ; 530℃之后退火,M_s迅速上升。530℃ 退火,H_c达到最小值;高于530℃ 退火,H_c随退火温度的升高而增加。      

基于FTIR和RBF网络的二元脂肪酸/SiO2相变储湿复合材料热湿性能优选预测

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二元脂肪酸（BFA）/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料,既具有相变调温性能,又具有储湿调湿性能,还能满足无机材料的相容性。研究溶液pH值、超声波功率、去离子水用量、无水酒精用量及BFA用量对BFA/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料结构的影响规律,通过FTIR分析BFA/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料的嵌合机制。通过RBF网络,研究BFA/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料的结构参数与热湿性能优选预测模型。结果表明：BFA/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料中BFA与SiO₂仅仅是物理嵌合。最优热湿性能的BFA/SiO₂相变储湿复合材料制备工艺参数：pH值为3.64、超声波功率为120 W、去离子水用量为1.45 mol、无水乙醇用量为0.78 mol和BFA用量为0.079 mol。预测结果：30%相对湿度（RH）~90% RH湿容量为0.1676 g/g、相变焓为41.89 J/g。测试结果：30% RH~90% RH湿容量为0.1653 g/g、相变焓为41.22 J/g。     

聚碳酸酯的吸水规律及其吸水试样表面缺陷分析

在40℃、60℃、80℃和100℃的热水环境中,分别对Bayer-PC、Japan-PC、Korea-PC三种聚碳酸酯透明板材进行了热水老化实验研究。在老化时间0~200 h内,共取样9次,研究了三种PC在热水老化过程中的吸水规律、不同热水老化条件对PC表面微观破坏形貌的影响,讨论了PC热水老化机理。结果表明:PC的含水量随着时间的延长而增大,最终趋于平衡;温度越高,平衡含水量越大;时间越长或温度越高,PC吸水试样表面的微缺陷越多;由于PC的水解,导致平衡含水量M_m和扩散系数D_x的理论估算值低于实验值。      

钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱偏压性能研究

通过9根加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱(8根钢管自密实混凝土复合加固柱,1根扩大截面加固柱)和1根钢筋混凝土原柱的偏心受压试验,对不同方法加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱的承载力、刚度和延性进行研究,分析偏心距、钢管壁厚和自密实混凝土强度对复合加固短柱偏压性能的影响。试验结果表明:复合加固短柱的承载力与延性均优于扩大截面加固柱;减小偏心距或增加钢管壁厚均能显著提高复合加固柱的承载力与延性;改变自密实混凝土强度,复合加固柱承载力与延性变化不明显。在确定钢材与新旧混凝土本构关系的基础上,利用纤维模型法对复合加固短柱偏压性能进行参数分析。研究结果表明:增加钢管壁厚或提高屈服强度,N/N_u-M/M_u相关曲线往内收拢;增大外扩截面直径或提高自密实混凝土强度,N/N_u-M/M_u相关曲线往外凸出。     

棕榈醇-棕榈酸-月桂酸@(Ce-La-TiO2)光-热-湿复合材料的制备与表征

以Ce-La-TiO₂空心微球作为载体材料,棕榈醇（H）-棕榈酸（PA）-月桂酸（LA）作为相变材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法与真空吸附法制备H-PA-LA@（Ce-La-TiO₂）光-热-湿复合材料,利用UV-Vis、XRD、DSC、DVS和SEM分析技术测试与表征其光响应性能、热性能、湿性能、组成成分和微观形貌。结果表明：H-PA-LA@（Ce-La-TiO₂）光-热-湿复合材料呈现均匀的球体,粒径较小且分散较好,实现Ce离子与La离子协同作用;当Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O与La（NO₃）₃·6H₂O的质量比为1∶1时,H-PA-LA@（Ce-La-TiO₂）光-热-湿复合材料具有最优的光响应性能;H-PA-LA与（Ce-La-TiO₂）空心微球的质量比为1∶2时,H-PA-LA@（Ce-La-TiO₂）光-热-湿复合材料具有最优热性能;真空干燥箱的真空度为0.07 MPa时,H-PA-LA@（Ce-La-TiO₂）光-热-湿复合材料具有最优湿性能。     

基底温度对Ag-MgF2金属陶瓷薄膜内应力的影响

用电子薄膜应力分布测试仪测量了基底温度对Ag-MgF₂金属陶瓷薄膜内应力的影响。结果表明:基底温度在300℃~400℃范围内,φ20.4mm选区内的薄膜平均应力最小,应力分布比较均匀,应力为张应力。XRD分析表明:当基底温度在300℃~400℃范围内,Ag-MgF₂薄膜中的Ag和MgF₂组分的晶格常数接近块体值,说明通过改变基底温度可以降低薄膜内应力。      

Modeling of Moisture Diffusion in Permeable Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Heterogeneous Hybrid Moisture Element Method

This study proposes a two-dimensional heterogeneous hybrid moisture element method (HHMEM) for modeling transient moisture diffusion in permeable fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
The HHMEM scheme is based on a heterogeneous hybrid moisture element(HHME), with properties determined through an equivalent hybrid moisture capacitance/conductance matrix. This matrix was calculated using the conventional finite element formulation in space discretization as well as the θ-method in time discretization with similar mass/stiffness properties and matrix condensing operations. A coupled HHME-FE scheme was developed and implemented in computer code MATLAB in order to analyze the transient moisture diffusion characteristics of composite materials containing multiple permeable fibers. The analysis commenced by comparing the performance of the proposed scheme with that of conventional FEM to model the moisture diffusion process. Both hexagonal and square fiber arrangements were studied. Having validated its performance, the scheme was then employed to investigate the relationship between the volume fraction of the permeable fibers in the resin composite and the rate of moisture diffusion. It was found that the moisture diffusion was significantly retarded as the volume fraction of the fibers increased. The HHMEM approach proposed in this study provides a straightforward and efficient means of modeling transient moisture diffusion in composite materials containing multiple permeable fibers. This is because only one HHME moisture characteristic matrix of fibers requires calculation for all HHMEs sharing the same characteristics. Furthermore, varying volume fractions can be modeled without modifying the original model simply by controlling the size of the inter-phase region within the HHME domain.     

木材内部水分扩散机理及多尺度模型研究概述

木材在纤维饱和点(FSP)以下干燥时,内部水分主要是以扩散的形式迁移;水分扩散的主要动力是含水率梯度和温度梯度。不同尺度扩散模型的建立可以更好地描述干燥过程中水分的动态迁移。从水分扩散形式、扩散机理和不同尺度的扩散模型3个方面总结了木材干燥过程中水分扩散的研究进展,提出模型研究中存在的问题及相应措施,为扩散模型的建立和有效应用提供参考。     

Modeling of Moisture Diffusion in Heterogeneous Epoxy Resin Containing Multiple Randomly Distributed Particles Using Hybrid Moisture Element Method

This paper employs a novel numerical technique, designated as the hybrid moisture element method (HMEM), to model and analyze moisture diffusion in a heterogeneous epoxy resin containing multiple randomly distributed particles. The HMEM scheme is based on a hybrid moisture element (HME), whose properties are determined by equivalent moisture capacitance and conductance matrixes calculated using the conventional finite element formulation. A coupled HME-FE scheme is developed and implemented using the commercial FEM software ABAQUS. The HME-FE scheme is then employed to analyze the moisture diffusion characteristics of a heterogeneous epoxy resin layer containing particle inclusions. The analysis commences by comparing the performance of the proposed scheme with that of the conventional FEM in modeling the moisture diffusion process. Having validated its performance, the scheme is then employed to investigate the relationship between the volume fraction of the particles in the resin composite and the rate of moisture diffusion. It is found that moisture diffusion is retarded significantly as the volume fraction of particles increases.
The HMEM approach proposed in this study provides a straightforward and efficient means of modeling moisture diffusion in a heterogeneous epoxy resin containing multiple randomly distributed particles since only one HME moisture characteristic matrixes needs to be calculated for all HMEs sharing the same characteristics. Furthermore, different volume fractions can be modeled without modifying the original model simply by controlling the size of the inter-phase region within the HME domain.     

T300/5405复合材料的吸水特性研究

通过对Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料在６０℃,８０℃、１００℃水中近９００ｈ的浸水试验研究,给出了Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料的吸水曲线,分别确定了扩散系数、平衡吸湿量与水温的关系。从而为深入研究Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料的吸湿行为奠定了基础。     

纤维聚合物复合材料的有效湿扩散系数

根据纤维聚合物复合材料的微观结构, 建立了基于复合材料单胞模型的湿扩散计算方法, 研究了不同温度和不同体积分数下纤维聚合物复合材料的湿扩散性能。假设纤维是不可渗透的, 并在聚合物基体中均匀分布, 计算了不同温度不同体积分数下复合材料的有效湿扩散系数。结果表明: 复合材料的有效湿扩散系数随温度的升高而增大, 随纤维体积分数的增大而减小; 在相同温度、 相同体积分数下, 正六边形排列的纤维复合材料的湿扩散系数比正方形的略大。计算结果及经验公式与Gueribiz曲线基本一致, 说明用单胞模型计算复合材料的湿扩散性能是非常有效的, 有助于理解纤维复合材料的湿扩散机制和性能。      

Computational coupling of moisture diffusion and mechanical deformation in polymer matrix composites

A computationally efficient multiscale–multiphysics model aimed at predicting mechanical response of thermoplastic composites subjected to different levels of moisture was developed. The mathematical model of the coupled moisture‐diffusion–mechanical‐deformation phenomenon was stated at the microscale, based on the observed experimental data, and then upscaled using a mathematical homogenization approach. A two‐way coupling between moisture diffusion and mechanical deformation was introduced by which diffusivity was enhanced by hydrostatic strain, whereas strength and stiffness were assumed to degrade because of moisture ingression, which also gives rise to swelling. The computational complexity of analyzing the two coupled physical processes at multiple scales was reduced via a model reduction scheme for multiple physical processes. The model was validated for 30% by weight filled glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. The moisture conditioning and uniaxial tension experiments were utilized to identify diffusion and mechanical properties at a fine scale. The identified properties were then used to validate the formulation in the three‐point bending test. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Moisture content of polyethylene coated solid fibreboard after industrial lamination

Solid fibreboard is used mainly in highly demanding packaging applications. One solid fibreboard quality having six paper and paperboard layers, a thickness of 1.7 mm and polyethylene coating was studied. Several material tests on liquid water and water vapour penetration were done to assess the environmental moisture sources that change the material moisture content after the lamination process. The in‐plane diffusion coefficient of the combined board was determined based on an integrated unsteady state moisture transport equation and moisture sorption measurements. The transverse diffusion coefficient of the polyethylene coated kraft paper and the solid fibreboard medium were based on water vapour transmission rate measurements. The original moisture content of the solid fibreboard sheet was measured gravimetrically 2 days after the lamination at the mill. The results show that high relative humidity (RH) conditions during the transportation (4°C/90% RH) change the moisture content of the transportation box made from a solid fibreboard sheet very little in 8 days. Local moister (or drier) areas are created near the sheet edges due to in‐plane moisture transport through open material edges. The in‐plane diffusivity for the solid fibreboard grade in question was 5.87 × 10^?10 m²/s. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碳钢在中性土壤中的腐蚀行为研究

总结了碳钢在不同湿度中性土壤介质中腐蚀初期的电化学阻抗谱特征 ;同时讨论了湿度对钢铁土壤腐蚀电化学行为和土壤腐蚀控制特征的影响。     

芳纶纤维吸湿行为的研究

研究了芳纶纤维吸湿行为并计算其扩散系数,同时研究了复合材料吸湿对其层间剪切强度(ILSS)的影响.结果表明:经等离子体处理后的芳纶纤维虽吸湿量增大,但由其制成的复合材料的层间剪切强度不是降低而是增加,而且浸水后复合材料的层间剪切强度下降百分率降低,尤其在较高温度下吸湿后的复合材料层间剪切强度下降百分率降低更明显.这是因为经等离子体处理后,界面引入化学键结合使界面粘接强度及抗水性能提高所致.