基于单片机延长铅蓄电瓶寿命装置的研究

伴随蓄电池的应用越来越广泛，“短命”成为制约其发展的主要因素。如何提高蓄电池的使用寿命成为其发展道路上不得不面对的课题。从蓄电池的损伤机理出发，探讨蓄电池损伤过程中的一些相伴的物理及化学变化，并详细的给出一种可行性方案来解决这些变化对蓄电池产生的伤害。从而在根源上解决蓄电池使用过程中的损伤问题，以期能延长蓄电池的使用寿命。     

铁基非晶、纳米晶带材应用技术研究

分析了铁基非晶、纳米晶软磁材料各性能的作用，及其与产品整机性能之间的关系，介绍了非晶、纳米晶带材热处理工艺的方法及其对产品性能的影响；给出了非晶、纳米晶带材在不同产品应用中的选用原则，并列举了其在几种典型产品中的应用技术要求，对铁基非晶、纳米晶带材在产品中的合理应用进行了研究分析。     

纳米磷酸铁锂正极材料完成中试

据报道，作为高品质蓄电池重要的正极材料纳米磷酸铁锂在成都市高新区顺利完成中试，并形成600t／a的生产能力。     

纳米涂料制备技术及其系列化产品研究开发

系统地介绍了纳米材料在涂料中的应用及其一般制备技术，并简单叙述了本单位在高固体丙烯酸酯纳米涂料，高固体分聚酯纳米涂料，水性丙烯酸纳米涂料等方面的部分研究结果，研究表明，纳米材料在涂料中的应用对开发新型涂料有较大的价值。     

几种纳米润滑油添加剂在齿轮油中的应用研究

研究了纳米Cu、纳米TiO2和纳米LaF3润滑油添加剂在85W／90基础油中的油溶性，比较了三种纳米润滑油添加剂在齿轮油中的应用效果，结果表明：纳米铜添加剂能够显著提高基础油的极压性能，同时具有良好的抗磨性能。采用SEM对铜纳米微粒在复合剂体系中的极压抗磨机理进行了分析，发现在摩擦过程中铜纳米微粒在表面形成沉积膜，从而表现出良好的极压抗磨性能。     

纳米碳管在聚合物中的应用及其复合材料研究进展

介绍了纳米碳管的制备、表面改性等，论述了纳米碳管在聚合物中的应用及其复合材料的制备方法和研究进展，并总结了存在的主要问题，展望了纳米碳管／聚合物基复合材料的应用前景。     

纳米生物传感器的研究进展

本文简要概括了纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用，综述了近年来各类纳米生物传感器的研究进展，包括纳米颗粒生物传感器，纳米管生物传感器，纳米线、纳米棒生物传感器、纳米纤维生物传感器。     

微反应器法纳米颗粒制备技术

微反应器法以其特殊的微反应环境而在纳米颗粒的制备中受到越来越广泛的重视，从微反应器的组成和性质入手，介绍了微反应器内纳米颗粒的形成机理及反应特点，举例说明了该法在纳米颗粒制备中的应用，对该法在纳米颗粒制备中的前景作了展望。     

AT89C51单片机的应用

AT89C51单片机是美国ATMJEL公司推出的单片机，它与MCS－51完全兼容，4K程序存储器采用闪速存储技术，设有三级加密，不易仿制，其宽电压范围2．7～67V及低功耗的特点，特别适用于微型仪器仪表。下面介绍AT89C51单片机在航空蓄电池性能参数测量数据处理计算器中的应用。图189C51单片机低功耗最小系流原理自1应用对家航空蓄电池作为飞机的备用电源，其性能状况直接影响到飞机的安全。因此，对航空蓄电池的性能参数必须经常、定期地检测和计算。由于测量数据较多，计算公式复杂，因此研制了使用方便，计算精度高，速度快的航空蓄电池…     

纳米涂层的研究现状与展望

简述了纳米表面涂层制备工艺的研究现状，分析了气相沉积、热喷涂、电刷镀、化学镀和电沉积等不同工艺在制备纳米表面层中的应用情况。介绍了纳米涂层在超硬耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温热稳定性等方面研究的新进展，并对纳米涂层的应用范围和领域作了展望。     

An Ultrastable and High‐Performance Flexible Fiber‐Shaped Ni–Zn Battery based on a Ni–NiO Heterostructured Nanosheet Cathode

Currently, the main bottleneck for the widespread application of Ni–Zn batteries is their poor cycling stability as a result of the irreversibility of the Ni‐based cathode and dendrite formation of the Zn anode during the charging–discharging processes. Herein, a highly rechargeable, flexible, fiber‐shaped Ni–Zn battery with impressive electrochemical performance is rationally demonstrated by employing Ni–NiO heterostructured nanosheets as the cathode. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and enhanced electroactivity of the Ni–NiO heterojunction nanosheet cathode, the as‐fabricated fiber‐shaped Ni–NiO//Zn battery displays high capacity and admirable rate capability. More importantly, this Ni–NiO//Zn battery shows unprecedented cyclic durability both in aqueous (96.6% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) and polymer (almost no capacity attenuation after 10 000 cycles at 22.2 A g^?1) electrolytes. Moreover, a peak energy density of 6.6 µWh cm^?2, together with a remarkable power density of 20.2 mW cm^?2, is achieved by the flexible quasi‐solid‐state fiber‐shaped Ni–NiO//Zn battery, outperforming most reported fiber‐shaped energy‐storage devices. Such a novel concept of a fiber‐shaped Ni–Zn battery with impressive stability will greatly enrich the flexible energy‐storage technologies for future portable/wearable electronic applications.     

纳米Ni粉的制备及其微结构的X射线衍射研究

介绍了表征和研究面心立方纳米材料微结构的一般理论与方法。研究不同温度下β—Ni（OH）2热分解生成纳米NiO粉和在不同温度下氢还原NiO获纳米Ni粉的微结构，结果表明，NiO中存在微晶一层错二重宽化效应，微晶尺度随温度升高而迅速长大，当T〉800℃，可长至数百纳米至微米量级，层错几率f随温度升高而明显降低，用球磨可使晶粒细化并引入微应变；在不同温度下还原NiO所得Ni粉的平均晶粒度比同温度下分解得到的NiO的晶粒度小，且随还原温度的升高晶粒会增大。     

Transparent Flexible Heteroepitaxy of NiO Coated AZO Nanorods Arrays on Muscovites for Enhanced Energy Storage Application

Transparent flexible energy storage devices are considered as important chains in the next‐generation, which are able to store and supply energy for electronic devices. Here, aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanorods (NRs) and nickel oxide (NiO)‐coated AZO NRs on muscovites are fabricated by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition method. Interestingly, AZO NRs and AZO/NiO NRs are excellent electrodes for energy storage application with high optical transparency, high conductivity, large surface area, stability under compressive and tensile strain down to a bending radius of 5 mm with 1000 bending cycles. The obtained symmetric solid‐state supercapacitors based on these electrodes exhibit good performance with a large areal specific capacitance of 3.4 mF cm^?2, long cycle life 1000 times, robust mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. Furthermore, an AZO/NiO//Zn battery based on these electrodes is demonstrated, yielding a discharge capacity of 195 mAh g^?1 at a current rate of 8 A g^?1 and a discharge capacity of over 1000 cycles with coulombic efficiency to 92%. These results deliver a concept of opening a new opportunity for future applications in transparent flexible energy storage.     

A simple device unit consisting of all NiO storage and switch elements for multilevel terabit nonvolatile random access memory

Present charge-based silicon memories are unlikely to reach terabit densities because of scaling limits. As the feature size of memory shrinks to just tens of nanometers, there is insufficient volume available to store charge. Also, process temperatures higher than 800 °C make silicon incompatible with three-dimensional (3D) stacking structures. Here we present a device unit consisting of all NiO storage and switch elements for multilevel terabit nonvolatile random access memory using resistance switching. It is demonstrated that NiO films are scalable to around 30 nm and compatible with multilevel cell technology. The device unit can be a building block for 3D stacking structure because of its simple structure and constituent, high performance, and process temperature lower than 300 °C. Memory resistance switching of NiO storage element is accompanied by an increase in density of grain boundary while threshold resistance switching of NiO switch element is controlled by current flowing through NiO film.     

线路板印刷用Cu纳米粒子的研究进展

综述了电路印刷油墨用Cu纳米粒子在合成表征及应用方面的研究现状和发展趋势,并从工艺角度对其工业化生产做出了简要分析;归纳了电路板印刷油墨用Cu纳米粒子抗氧化技术进展;展望了今后印刷电子电路中Cu纳米导电材料的研究方向。     

Production of AgCu:NiO/Ni foam electrode with high charge accumulation and long cycling stability

Nickel oxide is a promising material for electrochemical energy storage devices due to its high specific surface area, rapid redox reactions, and short diffusion path in the solid electrode. It has been known that the loading of metallic elements into the NiO matrix enhances these superior properties. NiO material is electrochemically deposited on Ni foam, and then, Ag and Cu thin layers are coated on NiO by thermal evaporation. The produced NiO/Ni foam and AgCu:NiO/Ni foam electrodes are annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. Those are utilized as anode for high-performance energy storage electrode in an alkaline solution. The former has an energy density of 56.9 Wh kg^?1 at 3155.5 W kg^?1, while the latter has a high energy density of 107.6 Wh kg^?1 at the corresponding power density of 2957.7 W kg^?1. Although specific capacitance of the former decreases to 46.2% of its original capacitance at 10 A g^?1 after 5000 cycles, the latter exhibits higher cycling stability with 71.0% retention after 5000 charge–discharge cycles owing to the loading of Ag and Cu into NiO matrix. Charge transfer resistance of NiO/Ni foam, which is inversely proportional to electroactive surface area, reduces from 19.4 to 0.28 Ω after the incorporation of Ag and Cu. Compared to NiO/Ni foam, AgCu:NiO/Ni foam with a higher electroactive surface area is more appropriate for charge accumulation. As mention above, the features of AgCu:NiO/Ni foam indicate that it is a promising material as an effective start-of-art energy storage device.

     

纳米技术在蓄热材料中的应用

简要介绍了纳米科技和纳米材料的基本特征,阐述了纳米复合蓄热材料的性质和制备方法,提出一种将化学储能材料CaCl2在纳米层次上进行复合到分子筛的孔隙中组成新型吸附蓄热材料,它具有蓄热容量大,传热传质性能优良,工作温度范围可调,对环境友好等一系列优点,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Electrochemical performances of NiO/Ni2N nanocomposite thin film as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Despite the high specific capacities, the practical application of transition metal oxides as the lithium ion battery (LIB) anode is hindered by their low cycling stability, severe polarization, low initial coulombic efficiency, etc. Here, we report the synthesis of the NiO/Ni₂N nanocomposite thin film by reactive magnetron sputtering with a Ni metal target in an atmosphere of 1 vol.% O₂ and 99 vol.% N₂. The existence of homogeneously dispersed nano Ni₂N phase not only improves charge transfer kinetics, but also contributes to the one-off formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In comparison with the NiO electrode, the NiO/Ni₂N electrode exhibits significantly enhanced cycling stability with retention rate of 98.8% (85.6% for the NiO electrode) after 50 cycles, initial coulombic efficiency of 76.6% (65.0% for the NiO electrode) and rate capability with 515.3 mA·h·g⁻¹ (340.1 mA·h·g⁻¹ for the NiO electrode) at 1.6 A·g⁻¹.     

Nickel oxide nanotubes: synthesis and electrochemical performance for use in lithium ion batteries

Uniform and aligned Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanotube bundles have been synthesized by a template process. Individual nanotubes are 60 microm long with a 200 nm outer diameter and wall thickness of 20-30 nm. The synthesis involved forming Ni(OH)2 nanotubes that were subsequently heated to 350 degrees C in order to fully convert the product to NiO nanotubes. NiO nanotube powder was used in lithium-ion cells for assessment of lithium storage ability and electrochemical performance. Discharge capacity of the NiO nanotube electrode was in excess of 30% higher than that of the standard NiO nanocrystalline powder electrode after 20 cycles. Impedance data suggests the NiO nanotube electrode provides more controlled and sustainable Li diffusion when compared to the NiO reference powder electrode system.     

一步水热法制备核壳型纳米粉体

液相法制备核壳纳米粉体具有反应温度低、设备简单、能耗少的优点,而一步水热法在液相法中具有其它方法无法比拟的优越性。重点讨论了一步水热法制备核壳纳米粉体的工艺流程和机理。