凹印机PID算法实现

目的论述基于PLC工业控制器的多闭环回路的PID算法实现,改进印刷机上的PID控制过程。方法针对陕西北人机组式凹版印刷机的张力控制系统,采用PLC编程实现速度和张力调节器的算法;在经典PID和数字PID算法基础上,采用试凑法对PID控制器进行参数整定,并在凹版印刷机上进行验证实验。结果速度环实验表明:在500 r/min的情况下,电机很快达到设定值,当外部扰动出现时,大约经过6 s电机重新进入稳定状态;张力环实验表明:当卷径为92~800 mm时,所整定的PID参数能够满足4个阶段收卷的不同任务要求,正常运行时系统运行速度为100~200 m/min,且系统出现外部干扰时能够很快调节摆辊位置,使其恢复到垂直位置。结论多级PID控制方式和参数整定能满足当前国产凹印机的收卷需求,但当卷径不断变化超出800 mm时,或者印刷速度大于200 m/min时,整定好的PID参数会使系统性能变坏,仍不能满足高效高速凹印机的生产任务要求,需不断改进张力控制方案。     

Metallurgical investigation into the causes of premature failure of high-carbon steel wire rods during hot rolling

Wire rods of high-carbon steel, in sizes ranging between 5.5 and 14 mm, are normally produced from continuously cast billets by hot rolling in a wire rod mill. These wire rods are usually supplied to wire drawing plants in either the hot rolled or the controlled-cooled condition. The microstructure of the hot rolled wire rods is a coarse lamellar pearlite and is unsuitable for large reductions by cold drawing. In contrast, the microstructure of controlled-cooled wire rods is a relatively fine pearlite, developed as a consequence of in-line water and forced-air cooling, and is suitable for large reductions by cold drawing. Although wire rod breakages in modern-day mills are comparatively rare, they nonetheless may take place due to a variety of factors. The failure of wire rods, hot rolled or controlled cooled, may occur as a result of improper rolling schedule, cobbles, sudden mill stoppages and/or accelerations, and processing inadequacies that lead to the formation of inappropriate microstructures. A comprehensive metallurgical investigation may therefore be necessary to discover the genesis of wire rod breakages during rolling and/or finish cooling operations. This paper focuses on the microstructural causes of breakage of controlled-cooled high-carbon steel wire rods during hot rolling and attributes most failures to the formation of hard martensite layers that facilitated crack generation.     

Comparison of thermomechanical stresses produced in work rolls during hot and cold rolling of Cartridge Brass 1101

Thermomechanical stresses play an important role in defining the life of the work roll used in hot rolling process. In this research temperature dependent mechanical properties of cartridge brass are determined experimentally using high temperature compression tests at different temperatures and strain rates. Real life measurements are made from a brass rolling mill as input data for the simulation boundary conditions. Hot rolls are made of AISI H11 hot work tool steel. Temperature dependent mechanical properties of AISI H11 steel are used. Thermal and mechanical stresses produced in the work rolls during hot rolling process are predicted using a thermoplastic finite element approach in the ABAQUS Standard software. Hot rolling is compared with cold rolling to determine the effects produced on the work rolls. A criterion is introduced to compare the severity of stresses produced on the rolling surfaces in case of hot rolling and cold rolling based on the yield stress of the roller material for different temperatures. A method for separating thermal and mechanical stresses in the simulation is also described.     

新型悬浮包装中薄膜张力的模糊自适应PID控制

目的解决新型悬浮包装缓冲衬垫生产中薄膜张力难以控制的问题。方法建立非连续覆膜环节中张力系统的数学模型,提出以Lab VIEW为仿真软件,模糊自适应PID为控制算法的仿真策略。分析在不同卷径、不同加速度和加减速方式下,薄膜张力的变化情况和算法的控制效果。结果仿真结果表明,薄膜卷径越小张力波动越大,运行加速度越大薄膜张力波动越大。在不同工况下,模糊自适应PID较常规PID有更快的响应速度和更小的超调量。结论模糊自适应PID参数调整简单,适应性好,能满足非连续覆膜过程中薄膜张力稳定的控制要求。     

基于模糊自适应PID控制器的张力控制系统

针对常规PID控制在张力控制中,控制参数难以整定的问题,设计出一种基于模糊控制原理的自适应PID控制器,根据偏差和偏差变化率来实时调整Kp、Ki、Kd参数.仿真结果显示,这种模糊自适应PID控制器比常规PID控制器在张力控制中有更好的控制特性.     

模糊自适应PID控制在张力控制中的应用

针对凹版印刷机张力控制系统是一个非线性、强藕合、时变的复杂系统,用普通的PID难以达到理想的控制效果,设计出一种基于模糊控制原理的自适应PID控制器,根据偏差和偏差变化率来实时调整KP、KI、KD的参数.仿真结果表明,这种模糊自适应PID比常规PID控制器在张力控制中具有更好的控制性能.     

基于双模糊PID的药品包装贴标张力控制系统设计

目的 为提高药品包装的贴标精度,设计一种基于双模糊PID控制器的贴标机张力控制系统。方法 简要论述药品包装生产线结构及其工艺流程。针对标签纸带收卷过程具有时变性、非线性和动态干扰等特点,设计一种双模糊PID张力控制器。利用副模糊控制器实现主模糊控制器的变量论域系数整定,而主模糊控制器可实现PID控制器参数整定。通过实验验证所述控制系统的有效性。结果 实验结果表明,与PID控制器相比,双模糊PID控制可使系统超调量减小50%,系统调节时间减小65%;贴标位置准确、标签贴附平整。结论 所述控制系统具有较好的抗干扰性能,贴标效果良好,具有一定使用价值。     

A Study of Modification of M2 Cast High Speed Steel

M2 cast high speed steel was inoculated by addition of rare earth(RE)‐Al‐N, network eutectic carbides were eliminated, matrix structures were refined and the segregation of tungsten and molybdenum elements were relieved. In the condition that the hardness did not decrease, impact toughness obviously increased. Quenching at 1180 °C and three‐times tempering at 560 °C, the hardness of M2 cast high speed steel kept 65~66HRC, impact toughness reached 21.3J/cm². Modified M2 cast high speed steel had excellent thermal fatigue resistance and high temperature wear resistance. Roll made in modified M2 cast high speed steel had excellent service effect using in slit rolling mill stand of hot rolling bar mill.     

不锈钢热连轧机粗轧支持辊剥落影响因素的有限元分析

该文分析某2250不锈钢热连轧粗轧机频繁发生支持辊严重边部剥落难题的影响因素。通过理论及实际剥落断口形貌分析,指出世界上不锈钢产量最大的该生产线复杂轧制工艺条件和服役期内辊系力学行为引起的不均匀辊间接触压应力分布是该轧机轧制过程中轧辊剥落的主要原因。根据现场跟踪实测数据,采用大型通用有限元软件建立了四辊轧机辊系三维有限元模型,仿真分析了带钢宽度、轧制力、轧辊磨损对辊间接触压应力峰值和位置的影响。结果表明:随着带钢宽度和轧制力的增大,辊间接触压力峰值增幅明显,辊间接触压力分布不均匀度系数基本不变;在不同磨损阶段,当工作辊和支持辊都处于服役后期时,压力峰值、不均匀度系数显著增大,均在距轧辊辊身边部附近存在接触压应力尖峰,且此位置与实际剥落位置一致。研究结果为成功研制的新支持辊形技术投入长期稳定工业应用累计轧制600万t以上未再发生剥落提供了理论依据。     

卷筒料印刷装备收卷张力系统解耦控制研究

目的 为了保证卷筒料印刷装备收卷张力系统的性能,提出一种适用于收卷张力系统的自抗扰（ADRC）解耦控制器。方法 在收卷张力系统数学模型基础上,结合卷筒料收卷系统的工作原理,基于ADRC控制技术设计收卷张力系统的ADRC解耦控制器,并利用Simulink软件对所提出的控制策略进行仿真研究。结果 在相同的阶跃输入下,研究结果表明,PID控制器调整时间为2.4 s,而ADRC解耦控制器调整时间为0.7 s;在PID控制下,收卷基材张力出现超调和震荡,而在ADRC解耦控制下,基材张力无超调和震荡现象;采用PID控制器,收卷牵引跨度张力变化引起收卷跨度张力波动,而采用ADRC控制器则没有波动。结论 提出的卷筒料印刷装备收卷张力系统ADRC解耦控制器实现了高精度张力控制,具有比传统PID控制器更好的控制性能。     

Evaluation of hot strip mill backup roll cladding

Abstract

A new cladding material based on the Fe–Cr–Mo–V–C alloy system, suitable for submerged arc welding, has been designed for the refurbishment of forged and cast backup rolls used in the finishing stands of hot strip rolling mills. The work undertaken includes mechanical analysis, mechanical testing, and microstructural characterisation. The mechanical analysis indicated the nature and level of stresses operating near the surface of rolls; mechanical testing allowed material performance to be anticipated. An optimal post-weld heat treatment procedure, which maximises strength while minimising material strain hardening, was subsequently chosen. The microstructure of the candidate cladding material is a mixture of lower bainite and martensite, containing a very fine distribution of molybdenum carbides. In situresults have shown that welded rolls outperform traditional rolls, as the amount of steel rolled per millimetre of cladding material is 40% higher than with forged rolls and double that obtained with cast rolls.     

滑模变结构在收卷张力控制系统中的应用与仿真

为精确研究卷筒纸印刷机的收卷张力特性及控制策略,通过对无轴传动多机组印刷机实验平台收卷运动的分析,建立了一个较精确的收卷张力动力学模型。利用MATLAB构造了一个以交流永磁同步电机为执行机构的张力控制仿真系统,根据其非线性,设计了滑模变结构控制器,并与传统的PID控制进行了实验比较,结果表明滑模控制改进了张力控制系统的动静态特性。仿真模型综合考虑了多个张力扰动因素,更加接近实际印刷机系统,为将先进的控制理论引入印刷机收卷张力系统,搭建了一个更精确、便捷的仿真平台。     

Three-Dimensional Thermo-mechanical Coupled FEM Simulation for Hot Continuous Rolling of Large-Diameter Mandrel Bar

Based on the important boundary conditions of rolling simulation including friction, heat conduction and interactionsof the workpiece and rolls, the hot continuous rolling processes of large-diameter mandrel round bar (200 mm indiameter) in 6VH-stand hot     

基于无速度传感器直接转矩控制自抗扰交流调速研究

在感应电机直接转矩控制(DYC)调速系统中,常规PID速度调节器在电机受到扰动的情况下,需要花费较长时间才能使电机恢复到稳态值.为此,将一种新型的自抗扰控制器(ADRC)引入感应电机直接转矩控制调速系统中,设计速度ADRc调节器代替PID调节器,基于模型参考自适应控制(MRAS)方法设计速度观测器.对比分析了PID与ADRC两种方案下无速度传感器直接转矩控制交流调速系统性能.仿真试验结果表明,采用ADRC后,系统动态响应更快,抗扰动能力更强,在电机参数摄动的情况下,电机运行速度与指令速度偏差更小.     

Complete Mill Simulation of the Rolling Process of 1660 mm Hot Strip Continuous Mills

The three-dimensional plastic deformations of strip are analyzed using the stream surface strip element method, the elastic deformations of rolls are analyzed using the influence coefficient method, the analyzing and computing model of shape and crown of 4-high mill was established by combining them, and the rolling process of 1660 mm hot strip continuous mills was simulated. The simulated results tally well with the experimental results. The modei and the method for simulation of shape analysis and control of hot strip mills were provided.     

基于PLC的颗粒包装机称量系统设计

目的 为提高颗粒包装机称量精度和稳定性,基于PLC设计一种颗粒包装机称量系统.方法 分析颗粒包装机结构和工艺流程,并给出控制系统结构,包括核心处理器PLC、交流控制器、伺服电机驱动器、传感器、三相电机和伺服电机等.以称量控制为主要研究对象,提出一种粒子群模糊PID称量控制器,以提高称量控制系统的收敛速度、通用性和可移植性.最后进行仿真和实验研究.结果 相关结果表明,与模糊PID控制器相比,加入粒子群优化算法后,系统的响应速度更快,达到稳定状态所需时间更短,实际包装误差仅为0.528％.结论 所述称量控制系统可以有效地提升称量精度,有利于提高颗粒包装机的自动化水平.     

高强度低屈强比铆螺钢轧制工艺的研究

为消除螺栓在热处理中产生的各种缺陷,缩短生产周期,使铆螺钢免热处理.采用热模拟试验机、实验室轧机和多工位冷镦机对铆螺钢轧制实验,铆螺钢原料和成品分别在拉力试验机和万能试验机上进行拉力试验,并对其组织进行了分析.结果表明,铆螺钢经过控轧控冷,获得具有多边形铁素体、细片状珠光体、粒状贝氏体、残余奥氏体和少量MA岛的多相组织.由于控轧控冷后的多相组织及TRIP效应,改善了螺栓的强韧性.铆螺钢因低的屈强比可以直接由热轧棒材冷镦成螺栓,螺栓无需最终热处理,产品的力学性能满足8.8级螺栓国家标准的相应要求.     

步长自适应技术在棒线材热连轧过程模拟中的应用

利用数值仿真技术建立平-立轧制三维热力耦合有限元模型,对304不锈钢棒线材热连轧过程粗轧6道次实际工况进行仿真计算.基于刚性体推动模型,采用步长自适应技术根据模型的运算需要选择适合的时间步长.步长自适应技术能够在轧件轧制过程时采用较小的时间步长,在道次间隙时使用较大的时间步长.计算结果表明,采用步长自适应技术所建立的有限元模型可以在保证计算结果精度的前提下,显著地提高运算效率.     

瓦楞纸板生产线电机同步控制方法

目的为了提高瓦楞纸板其生产效率、降低次品率,将神经网络和模糊控制相结合,提出一种传送电机同步控制方法。方法在分析传送装置和工艺要求的基础上,建立传送过程数学模型。设计神经元PID控制器,可用于弥补传统PID控制在解决非线性、时变、强耦合等方面的不足,模糊控制器可用于速度补偿。基于DSP设计相应的控制系统,最后进行实验研究。结果控制算法的收敛速度较快,控制系统稳定性较好,能够实现各电机的同步控制。结论该控制方法可以满足瓦楞纸板生产要求。     

An Adaptive Model and Algorithm for an Electrohydraulic Position Servo System in Auto Gauge Control for Aluminum Hot Tandem Mill

The electrohydraulic servo position control system (HPC) is the core of an auto gap control for a modern fourhigh continuous hot strip mill. The actuators are loaded with considerable external disturbances, rolling forces, and the system stiffness and position accuracy will become hypersensitive to the leakage and the compressibility of the oil. Many efforts have being made to increase the position accuracies. The conventional resources are proportion integral differential (PID) controller. But the PID controller is faint for a considerable external disturbance. In this paper, by introducing the adaptive control strategy of model reference the reciprocities of the system structure with the loads were analyzed. With the Lyapunov energy function, an adaptive control algorithm applied to improve the system accuracy was formulated. The system simulations and the selection of parameters of the model were also discussed. The simulations show the static state errors at 0.02%. Finally, the industrial experimental result was given.