自乳化水性环氧树脂的制备

采用聚醚醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGGE)、乙醇胺(MEA)及冰乙酸对双酚A环氧树脂(DGEBA)化学改性,在不需Lewis酸催化剂条件下制备低污染、高性能水性环氧树脂。首先,在物料摩尔比(MEA/PEGGE)2∶1,反应温度55℃,反应时间4h下,用PEGGE对MEA扩链合成MEA-PEGGE加成物;然后,在物料摩尔比(DGEBA/MEA-PEGGE)2∶1,反应温度65℃,反应时间5h下,用MEA-PEGGE加成物对DGEBA扩链,合成DGEBA-MEA-PEGGE加成物;再采用冰乙酸与DGE-BA-MEA-PEGGE加成物成盐,制备出具有良好水溶解分散性能的自乳化水性环氧树脂。该树脂涂膜性能优良,具有良好柔韧性和耐冲击性,改善了普通环氧树脂性能较脆的缺陷。     

油脂基聚氨酯改性脂肪胺水性环氧固化剂的结构与性能

以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-6)、四乙烯五胺、丙烯腈为原料合成了油脂基聚氨酯改性脂肪胺水性环氧固化剂(CA-B)。将CA-B分别与水性环氧乳液AB-EP-20、AB-EP-44、AB-EP-51组成固化体系,经分析可知,水性体系CA-B/AB-EP-44性能最优。通过差示扫描量热法、涂膜力学性能测试,研究了n(环氧基)∶n(胺氢)对CA-B/AB-EP-44体系固化物性能的影响,结果表明,n(环氧基)∶n(胺氢)为1.1∶1(摩尔比)时涂膜的综合性能最佳,此时漆膜柔韧性达1 mm、铅笔硬度达2 H、附着力达1级、耐冲击性≥60 kg.cm、乙醇渗透量(%(24 h))为15.3,与参比样Ⅰ、参比样Ⅱ(市售)固化物的物理性能相当。     

水性环氧固化剂的合成及性能

以三乙烯四胺(TETA)和液体环氧树脂(EPON828)为原料,在物料摩尔比(TETA/EPON828)为2 2/1,反应温度为 65℃,反应时间为 4h的工艺条件下合成 EPON828 TETA加成物。然后用具有多支链柔韧性链段的 C12 ~ 14 叔碳酸缩水甘油酯(CARDURA E -10) 在反应温度为70℃,反应时间为 3h的工艺条件下对 EPON828- TETA加成物进行封端改性。探讨了中和度对所合成的水性环氧固化剂的粒径及稳定性的影响。CARDURA E- 10 改性后的水性环氧固化剂与液体环氧树脂在室温下固化所形成的涂膜性能良好,其柔韧性和耐冲击性优于用传统封端改性剂 BGE 或CGE改性水性环氧固化剂所形成的涂膜。     

水性环氧固化剂制备及其对涂膜性能的影响

将环氧树脂E-44与三乙烯四胺(TETA)形成的加成物接枝到聚天冬酰胺(PAM)大分子链上,形成聚酰胺-胺-环氧梳形接枝聚合物,以丁基缩水甘油醚部分封端,制备了非离子型水性环氧固化剂。研究了PAM接枝该加成物的比率、接枝加成物在加成物中的含量、伯胺封端量对固化剂性能的影响,并与市售水性环氧涂膜性能进行了比较。试验结果表明,多胺加成物接枝率20%、接枝含量25%、伯胺封端量25%的固化剂体系稳定性良好,与现有的市售水性固化剂性能相比,其固化的环氧体系的柔韧性和耐冲击性能有大幅的提高。     

室温固化柔韧性水性环氧固化剂的合成与性能

拟合成一种室温固化柔韧性水性环氧固化剂。首先在工艺条件(TETA/EPON 828摩尔比为2.2/1,反应温度65℃,反应时间4.0 h)下,滴加液体环氧树脂EPON 828到三乙烯四胺(TETA)的丙二醇甲醚(PM)溶液中,对TETA扩链反应,合成出TETA-EPON 828加成物;然后在反应温度70℃,反应时间3h的条件下,滴加聚醚多元醇二缩水甘油醚(DGEPG)到TETA-EPON 828加成物的PM溶液中再进行扩链反应,合成出TETA-EPON 828-DGEPG加成物,最后除去大部分PM溶剂后,在55℃左右,滴加蒸馏水到TETA-EPON 828-DGEPG加成物中,将其稀释到固含量为52%左右。所合成出的水性环氧固化剂与液体环氧树脂所形成的双组分室温固化涂膜,具有良好的柔韧性和耐冲击性。并用水溶解性实验及红外光谱等对TETA-EPON 828-DGEPG进行了表征。     

水性丙烯酸改性酚醛环氧树脂的合成及性能

用琥珀酸酐对丙烯酸改性的F-44酚醛环氧树脂作进一步的改性,合成了一种具有光敏性的水性酚醛环氧树脂,研究了催化剂种类、反应温度及反应时间对琥珀酸酐转化率的影响,并考察了原料配比对改性树脂水溶性、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果发现,当n(环氧基):n(羟基):n(琥珀酸酐)=1:1:1时,以三乙胺作催化剂,在95℃下反应3 h,可合成能溶解于5%的Na2CO3水溶液的性能优良的水性酚醛环氧光敏树脂.     

非离子型水性环氧树脂乳液的研制及性能研究

采用环氧树脂E-51与不同分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)反应合成一系列高分子非离子型环氧树脂乳化剂,并采用相反转法制备水性环氧树脂乳液,考查了PEG分子质量、E-51与PEG摩尔比、反应时间、乳化剂用量及乳化条件对水性环氧树脂乳液的黏度、稳定性、粒径的影响。结果表明:以过硫酸钾为引发剂,n(E-51)∶n(PEG-2000)=1∶1,在180℃下反应4h合成的乳化剂具有较好的乳化效果;乳化剂用量为20%,乳化温度60℃,分散机转速为3000r/min时,乳液粒径可达1.026μm且分布较窄,乳液黏度适中,具有较好的离心稳定性和储存稳定性。     

环氧-聚氨酯复合乳液的合成及表征

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)、聚醚二醇(N220)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、环氧树脂为主要原料,合成了环氧-聚氨酯复合乳液。主要讨论了环氧树脂对水性聚氨酯乳液及其涂膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,环氧-聚氨酯乳液的表面张力、粘度,涂膜的硬度、耐水性及力学性能随着环氧树脂用量的增大而增强,但乳液外观和稳定性变差,故适宜的环氧树脂添加量为4%～8%。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、粒径分析仪、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、透射电镜(TEM)对乳液和涂膜进行了表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,环氧树脂的环氧基和羟基都参与了反应。粒径分析仪和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,加入环氧树脂后,水性聚氨酯(WPU)分散体粒径和分子量增大,粒径分布和分子量分布均变宽。     

含磷环氧树脂的合成及改性研究

9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）与环氧树脂E-51进行加成反应，生成合磷量1％、2％、3％的阻燃环氧树脂，其氧指数超过29，当磷含量超过2％时。其阻燃效果达到UL94 V-0级，但随着DOPO含量的增加，环氧树脂固化物的拉伸强度从30MPa下降到26MPa，弯曲强度从98MPa下降到43MPa。通过对DOPO合磷环氧树脂添加三环氧丙基缩水甘油醚（TGIC）2.5％-10％后，其固化产物的氧指数略有下降，但初始分解温度（1％分解）均维持在300℃以上，以UL94标准测定阻燃效果没有变化，但拉伸强度（10％TGIC添加量）分别提高36％、45％、67％。     

环氧改性水性聚氨酯的合成及因素分析

用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚丙二醇2000(PPG2000)、2,2-双(羟甲基)丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料合成预聚体,环氧树脂(E44)开环合成环氧改性水性聚氨酯(EWPU),考察了不同影响因素对EWPU乳液及胶膜性能的影响。首先,通过FT-IR证实了环氧改性水性聚氨酯的合成;然后,经过TG测试证明了改性后水性聚氨酯耐热性能优于水性聚氨酯;最后详细探究了DMPA量、—NCO与—OH的摩尔比(R值)、硬单体配比以及环氧量对EWPU乳液粒径、贮存稳定性、涂膜耐水性、涂膜耐磨性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当DMPA量为5%、R值为1.5、硬单体配比为35%、EP量为8%时,EWPU乳液的综合性能最优。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.