HK40高温炉管泄漏分析

对制氢炉炉管ＨＫ４０泄漏失效进行了分析，得出，该炉管的失效主要是由Ｈ２Ｓ和Ｃｌ应力腐蚀造成的，为防止这类失效提出了建议。     

焦化炉注水炉管腐蚀失效分析

通过对炼油厂焦化车间焦化炉注水炉管的材料成分、燃料和烟气组分、过剩空气量及金相组织和外表面垢样组分分析，以及温度场和流场烟气中的SO3的浓度场等综合分析，确定了其失效模式是硫酸露点腐蚀与烟气冲刷腐蚀共同作用的结果。注水炉管低温段以及高温段管壁外表面的复盐腐蚀形貌本质属性为高温硫腐蚀以及碱金属腐蚀。提出了预防措施。     

1Cr5Mo钢炉管腐蚀原因分析与预防对策

对常减压蒸馏装置减压炉失效炉管的材质、工况、腐蚀形貌、化学成分、力学性能、金相组织以及腐蚀产物进行了全面分析与研究,结果表明,炉管管壁发生大面积腐蚀的腐蚀原因为环烷酸腐蚀;油气中含有的高温硫、硫化氢及氯化氢促进了环烷酸腐蚀;油气在炉管内的流速和流态也起到了重要作用.提出了通过选用耐腐蚀材料、控制流速与流态和添加高温缓蚀剂来减少减压炉炉管腐蚀的措施.     

延迟焦化炉辐射管失效分析

通过宏观和金相分析以及力学性能测试，分析了延迟焦化炉辐射管出现不同失效形式的原因，结果表明，严重短时超温服役是造成渗铝炉管发生高温蠕变失效的直接原因，而未渗铝炉管的实际服役温度比渗铝管低，但已远超过该钢抗氧化、腐蚀的最高温度，因而仅因严重氧化和腐蚀已足以导致管壁显著减薄而失效。     

F2102制氢炉炉管渗漏失效分析

某F2102制氢炉在试运行过程中，在炉管的角焊缝处出现严重渗漏。采用金相检验、化学分析、无损检测等手段对渗漏炉管进行了检验分析。结果表明，由于制氢炉试运行前经水压试验时残留水中氯离子的浓缩并聚集在角焊缝处，使炉管的角焊缝处于应力腐蚀环境中，促使该处出现大量裂纹，从而使炉管出现渗漏。     

加强除氧器运行减缓注汽锅炉炉管腐蚀速度

注汽锅炉是稠油开采的主要设备,其运行的安全性决定了稠油开采的成本。安全性的重要体现为炉管的承压能力,炉管腐蚀速度直接影响注汽锅炉的承压能力。因此加强水质除氧减缓炉管腐蚀速度是保证注汽锅炉的安全运行的重要措施之一。本文通过研究石油热采领域使用过的除氧器优缺点,针对我单位活动注汽锅炉的特点,配备了真空除氧器,通过指导生产,使得注汽水质含氧达标运行。     

裂解炉炉管失效分析研究

通过对失效炉管进行宏观检验、成分检验、金相分析、力学性能测定、扫描电镜及能谱分析,认为是由于在较长的停工期间发生了硫化物存在的应力腐蚀开裂导致了炉管的失效.建议在设备停产期应注意加强防腐措施.     

制氢转化炉管材HP40Nb的失效分析

某石化公司制氢转化炉炉管在运行不到40 000 h后突然破裂起火,宏观检测、表面探伤,力学性能测试,能谱、金相、电镜、X射线、应力等分析表明:炉管材料晶界碳化物过多以及疏松空洞的存在削弱了韧性,产生了较多的微观裂纹,加上管外保温材料中存在较多的Na ,Cl,K ,Mg2 ,Ca2 ,导致下猪尾管到下支耳之间应力较大部位发生应力腐蚀开裂,58号炉管首先开裂泄漏起火,其他炉管在外部火焰烘烤下短时高温损伤、变形鼓包直至开裂.针对失效原因提出了今后使用过程中应采取的防护措施.     

卧式圆筒炉对流管表面腐蚀原成因及控制

卧式圆筒炉通常采用天然气为燃料,对盘管内流过的原油进行加热,以降低原油黏度,减少输送阻力。炉内盘管是卧式圆筒炉的核心部件,关系到卧式圆簟炉的安全与正常运行。通过对对流盘管表面腐蚀产物成分及产生腐蚀原因分析,提出防止炉管腐蚀的改进措施,确保卧式圆筒炉的安全运行。     

某连续催化重整装置加热炉炉管开裂原因分析

某连续催化重整装置中反应器上游加热炉的炉管,在服役11a后产生裂纹引发开裂和泄漏.通过对该炉管的化学成分、室温拉伸性能、高温拉伸性能、金相组织、硬度、断口形貌和腐蚀产物的分析查找开裂原因.结果 表明:该炉管的失效为尘化腐蚀所致,炉管内壁渗碳,外壁发生氧化,高温力学性能降低较为明显.     

锅炉一级再热器内壁腐蚀原因分析

通过宏观和微观检验对型号为BP-1025的锅炉一级再热器内壁腐蚀原因进行了分析。结果表明：一级再热器管内壁腐蚀类型属于停用期问的氧腐蚀,是机组投运以来多次腐蚀累积的结果;泄漏管样的穿孔是以往形成的腐蚀坑,在此次停炉后再次腐蚀以致蚀穿管壁而造成的。     

Sensitization induced stress corrosion failure of AISI 347 stainless steel fractionator furnace tubes

Austenitic stainless steel tubes are used as furnace tubes in petrochemical industries mainly because of their corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. AISI 347 grade stainless steel is used as furnace heater tubes in the fractionator of hydrocracker unit. Even though this stainless steel is stabilized with the addition of niobium thus preventing sensitization related corrosion failures, operational and maintenance errors may result in premature failures if conditions prevail. The present work reports the premature failure of AISI 347 grade fractionator furnace tubes after nearly 8 years of service. The failure occurred after shutdown. Carbonaceous deposits were found on the inner walls of the tube and circumferential cracks were found beneath the deposit. The service exposed 347 SS alloy tube was in the sensitized condition as confirmed by microstructure and double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test. The tube material got sensitized possibly by localized overheating at the carbon layer deposited site. During shutdown of hydrocracker unit polythionic acid formation occurred possibly due to errors in shutdown procedures. Sensitized alloy 347 tube undergone polythionic acid induced intergranular stress corrosion cracking (PASCC).     

某锅炉水冷壁腐蚀原因分析及其改进措施

针对某电厂锅炉水冷壁管的严重腐蚀问题,通过宏观形貌检查、化学成分分析、微观组织分析及能谱分析等方法进行了系统分析。结果表明:该锅炉燃用高硫煤时,炉膛火焰中心偏斜导致水冷壁局部出现还原性气氛,产生硫化物型高温腐蚀。最后针对具体原因,提出了控制燃煤质量、调整燃烧、增加贴壁风等改进措施,有效地解决了该锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀问题。     

固定转化器泄漏原因分析

采用化学、金相分析方法，结合腐蚀的基本原理，对热交换器的泄漏进行了综合分析，认为造成泄漏的主要原因是循环水中存在大量的氯离子，破坏了蚀剂的保护作用。致使管子产生曜慢穿洞泄漏。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti钢炉管开裂原因分析

采用金相检验、力学性能试验、铁磁相含量测定、断口及能谱分析等方法对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢炉管的开裂原因进行分析。结果表明：开裂炉管的内壁裂纹为连多硫酸应力腐蚀开裂,而外壁裂纹为硫化物促进下的氯化物应力腐蚀开裂。并提出了预防炉管开裂的建议。     

P110油管腐蚀穿孔分析

通过化学成分分析、金相检验和腐蚀产物分析等方法对P110油管腐蚀穿孔的原因进行了分析。结果表明:CO2腐蚀是造成油管腐蚀穿孔失效的主要原因。     

Sulfuric acid dew point corrosion in waste heat boiler tube for copper smelting furnace

This paper presents the sulfuric acid dew point corrosion found on waste heat boiler tube for a copper smelting furnace. Macroscopic and microscopic observation results for the failed boiler tubes are shown. Then the analyzed results by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and EPMA on failed boiler tubes are demonstrated. Finally effective alloying elements for waste heat boiler tube material against sulfuric acid dew point corrosion are briefly described on the basis of the exposure test results for three kinds of steels in the radiation section of the waste heat boiler.     

D210塔简体泄漏原因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相检验和断口分析等方法,对304L钢D210塔筒体泄漏原因进行了分析。结果表明：D210塔筒体泄漏原因是由于氯离子的存在而产生应力腐蚀开裂所致。由于敏感材料、应力腐蚀环境及应力三个条件共同存在,在一定温度下使其产生应力腐蚀裂纹,裂纹起始于筒体外壁角焊缝处,而后向内壁扩展,最终穿透筒壁,致使该塔筒体在角焊缝处产生破裂泄漏。     

Investigations on the Failure of Economizer Tubes in a High-Pressure Boiler

This article describes the results of an investigation concerning the failure of economizer tubes of a high-pressure boiler in a dual-purpose power/water cogeneration plant. The failure was observed in the form of rupturing of one tube and a macrohole or pinhole in another tube. The boiler had an operating period of 116,123 h since its inception. For approximately the first 100,000 h, the fuel for the boiler was crude oil, which was replaced by Bunker C oil. The boiler tube is fabricated from carbon steel SA 210A1. The location of the failure was determined by on-site visual inspection of the boiler. Detailed macro- and microexaminations of inner and outer scales on the tube were begun to determine the cause of the rupture. The composition of the fire- and waterside scale and ash deposited on the outer surface of the tubes was analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) technique. The reduction percentage of wall thickness of the tube facing inside and outside the furnace was calculated. The cause of the failure of the economizer tube appears to be H₂SO₄ dew-point corrosion. The relatively low temperature of feedwater lowered the tube metal temperature and promoted the condensation of H₂SO₄. The external deposits on the tubes, as a result of bunker oil firing, further helped to lower the tube metal temperature, thus promoting H₂SO₄ condensation over the deposit and subsequent corrosion of the tube wall. Recommendations are given to prevent/minimize such failures.