BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Ni2O3三元系统的介电性能研究

对三元系统BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Ni2O3的微结构和介电性能进行了研究．XRD分析表明Nb2O5／Ni2O3协同掺杂的BaTiO3陶瓷为赝立方相结构；在掺杂1．0mol％Ni的BaTiO3中，Nb的固溶度〈4．0mol％．SEM观察表明，随Nb掺杂量的增加，BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸先增大后减小．BaTiO3陶瓷的室温介电常数、介质损耗，以及在低温端和高温端的电容变化率都随Nb含量的增加而先增大后减小．DSC测量表明，Nb掺杂使BaTiO3陶瓷的居里温度向高温方向移动．该系统瓷料介电性质的变化与材料的晶粒尺寸以及掺杂剂导致的相变温度的移动密切相关．本实验在BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Ni2O3系统中开发出了新型的X8R材料，这种材料很有希望用于制备大容量X8R多层陶瓷电容器．     

粒度对纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷结构和性能的影响

制备了纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷，研究了纳米掺杂剂和BaTiO3的粒度对BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响．结果表明，小粒度、高分散的纳米掺杂剂更易对BaTiO3颗粒实现均匀包裹，有效地抑制晶粒生长并形成更多的壳-芯晶粒，大比表面积使更多高活性的表面原子与BaTiO3发生原子输运形成传质，导致晶粒壳／芯比增大，从而提高其介电性能．纳米掺杂陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸和四方率与BaTiO3粒度几乎成正比．随着BaTiO3粒度的减小，立方晶粒壳增大而四方晶粒芯减小，陶瓷由四方晶相向赝立方晶相转变，居里峰被显著压制，从而改善介电温度特性．同时，晶粒的壳与芯之间失配产生的内应力随之增加，使居里点向高温方向移动．     

粗晶粒BaTiO_3陶瓷的微观结构及电学性能

以钛酸丁酯和乙酸钡为原料用溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaTiO3纳米粉体,并烧结了不同晶粒尺寸的陶瓷,研究了不同烧结温度下BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构及尺寸效应对电学性能的影响。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法可以在较低的温度(700℃)下合成BaTiO3纳米粉体,平均粒径25nm;BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸直接影响其电学性能,随晶粒尺寸的增大,剩余极化,压电常数,机电耦合系数,机械品质因数逐渐提高,居里温度向高温区偏移;当晶粒尺寸达到50μm时,陶瓷相对密度为95.6%,d33可达168pC.N-1,kp=24.8%,Qm=425,Tc=122℃。     

BaTiO3陶瓷粉体凝胶注模成型的研究

为了研究BaTiO3粉体的凝胶注模成型，以聚甲基丙稀酰胺(PMAA—NH4)为分散剂，通过球磨制备稳定分散的BaTiO3浆料．采用正交实验设计原则，讨论了有机单体、交联剂和引发剂的用量对浆料的固化时间、坯体强度和密度的影响，确定最佳加入量(质量分数)分别为4％，1．5％和0．02％．在1340℃下烧结得到的BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸均匀，气孔较少，致密度高，具有良好的PTC特性。     

纳米BaTiO3粉末的制备及烧结工艺的优化

利用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了成分均匀、尺寸分布窄的BaTiO3陶瓷纳米微粉,分析了AST掺杂、烧结温度和保温时间对BaTiO3陶瓷显微形貌的影响,利用人工神经网络(ANN)BP模型优化工艺参数,获得了具有结构致密dr=98%、粒度均匀dmax/da=1.20、晶粒尺寸da=2μm的BaTiO3陶瓷.     

Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同浓度Sm2O3(分别为0.001,0.002,0.003,0.005,0.007mol)的BaTiO3陶瓷,并对其结构与电性能进行了研究.结果表明:Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的晶型在室温下为四方相,而且随着Sm2O3掺杂浓度的增加,BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸变小,说明Sm2O3掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷晶粒的生长有一定的抑制作用;Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的电阻率比纯BaTiO3陶瓷明显下降,当添加量为0.001mol时,电阻率最小,.从4.3×109Ω·m下降为6.536×103Ω·m;Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒电阻随着温度的变化,呈现NTC效应,而晶界电阻随着温度的变化,呈现PTC效应,且晶界电阻远远大于晶粒电阻,说明该材料的PTC效应是由晶界效应引起的.     

基于溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体，通过适当控制材料的掺杂量和烧成制度达到细化晶粒、降低烧结温度及降低室温率的目的。讨论了溶胶．凝胶过程中水的加入量、乙酸加入量、乙醇加入量、成胶温度对形成细晶粉体的影响，制备出的BaTiO3粉体具有纯度高、粒径小、均匀性好、活性高、热处理温度低等优点。R-T丁曲线表明1260℃较1240℃烧结具有高的升阻比、温度系数，低的电阻率、居里温度：XRD分析表明所得粉体与BaTiO3主峰相吻合；800℃预烧2h所得BaTiO3粉体的TEM图表明粉体分布较均匀、外形为近似球形，其平均晶粒尺寸约30nm左右，与XRD得到的晶粒相当，单个颗粒是单晶；1240℃下烧结所得样品的SEM图片看出样品的平均晶粒约1～2μm、晶粒较为均匀致密。     

钛酸钡系PTCR半导体陶瓷烧结过程的计算机模拟Ⅰ.烧结初期的动力学方程及计算机模拟

研究了BaTiO3 系PTCR半导体陶瓷的烧结机理 ,建立了综合作用机制下的烧结初期的动力学方程 ,并对烧结过程进行了计算机模拟 ,得到了BaTiO3 系陶瓷晶粒生长与原料粉体粒径及温度关系的直观图形     

钛酸钡系PTCR半导体陶瓷烧结过程的计算机模拟——I．烧结初期的动力学方程及计算机模拟

研究了BaTiO3系PTCR半导体陶瓷的烧结机理,建立了综合作用机制下的烧结初期的动力方程,并对烧结过程进行了计算机模拟,得到了BaTiO3系陶瓷晶粒生长原料粉体粒径及温度关系的直观图形。     

钛酸钡系PTCR半导体陶瓷烧结过程的计算机模拟 工.烧结初期的动力学方程及计算机模拟

研究了BaTiO3系PTCR半导体陶瓷的烧结机理,建立了综合作用机制下的烧结初期的动力学方程,并对烧结过程进行了计算机模拟,得到了BaTiO3系陶瓷晶粒生长与原料粉体粒径及温度关系的直观图形.     

Di-block copolymer surfactant study to optimize filler dispersion in high dielectric constant polymer-ceramic composite

Embedded capacitor technology can improve electrical performance and reduce assembly cost compared with traditional discrete capacitor technology. Polymer-ceramic composites have been of great interest as embedded capacitor material because they combine the processability of polymers with the desired electrical properties of ceramics. Dispersion of ceramic particles is a critical factor to affect the effective dielectric constant of polymer-ceramic composite. Di-block copolymer surfactants have been used to prevent agglomeration of the ceramic particles. It was found that di-block copolymer surfactant could improve the ceramic dispersion better than monomer surfactant. Using di-block copolymer surfactant, higher dielectric constant was achieved at lower ceramic loading level. This high dielectric constant polymer-ceramic composite material has much better mechanical properties and can be used for the integral capacitors in the SOP (system on a package) substrate.     

表面粗糙度对PS-PVD热障涂层陶瓷层沉积的影响

研究基于等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)工艺的沉积表面的粗糙度对YSZ陶瓷层结构的影响,初步阐明了表面粗糙度对陶瓷层气相沉积过程的影响和涂层结构的形成规律。采用PS-PVD工艺在预制有NiCoCrAlYTa黏结层的K417G高温合金上制备YSZ陶瓷层;采用SEM、粗糙度检测仪、3D表面形貌仪等方法分析PS-PVD YSZ陶瓷涂层的形貌和结构特征。基体表面粗糙度对PS-PVD涂层结构有很大影响。结果表明:当基体表面粗糙度分别为 R a≤2μm, 2μm< R a<6μm, R a≥6μm时,涂层粗糙度分别在3.5~5,6~10,10~15μm区间;特征表面形貌"菜花头"的直径随着基体表面粗糙度的增加而逐渐增大, d P=38.5μm, d 280S =25.5μm, d 60S =38.7μm, d 24S =102μm, d S=137μm。表面粗糙度主要通过PS-PVD气相沉积过程中的阴影效应来影响涂层生长和形成差异性结构,随着基体表面粗糙度的增加,YSZ陶瓷层受阴影效应影响增大,表面形貌"菜花头"尺寸和柱状结构间间隙增大,形成更加疏松的结构。     

Mechanical and microstructural behavior of nanocomposites produced via cold spray

Cold spraying is an innovative coating technology mainly based on the high speed impact of metals and ceramic particles on different substrates. Through the employment of low temperature gases (Air, He, N₂) spray particles (usually 1–50 μm in diameter) are accelerated to a high velocity (typically 300–1200 m/s) that is generated through a convergent–divergent de Laval type nozzle. Severe plastic deformation of particles impacting on the substrate occurs at temperature well below the melting point leading to the unique mechanical properties experienced by such kinds of coatings. In the present paper the main processing parameters affecting the microstructural and mechanical behavior of metal–metal cold spray deposits are described. The effect of processing parameters on grain refinement and mechanical properties were analyzed for different particles (Ti–TiAl₃, Al–Al₂O₃, Ni–Cr₃C₂, Ni–BN, Cu–Al₂O₃, Co–SiC). The results belonging to the properties of the formed nanocomposites were compared with those of the pure parent materials sprayed in the same conditions. Many experimental conditions have been analyzed in terms of particle dimensions and composition, substrate temperature and composition, gas temperature and pressure, nozzle properties. In particular, those conditions leading to a strong grain refinement with an acceptable level of the mechanical deposit properties such as porosity, adhesion strength and hardness were underlined.     

Tailoring of free standing microchannels structures via microtemplating

The preparation of ceramic microchannel structures from powder based material is a time consuming, expensive or inflexible process. This work demonstrates microtemplating - a new reliable and economical fabrication method for preparing ceramic alumina self-supporting microchannels with diameters from 10 to 1000 μm. The basis for this method is the controlled dip-coating of a sacrificial polymeric fiber template with suspensions containing sinterable particles. Subsequent sintering results in self-supporting ceramic microchannels. Thermal behavior of a microtemplate is critical for achieving self-supporting microchannels. We used polyamide, keratin, para-aramide, polypropylene, and polyimide fibers to set models of microtemplate thermal behavior. We found that the negative influence of thermal expansion and gas production could be eliminated by microtemplates with hollow and porous internal structure. Furthermore we show flexibility of the green stage procedure on an alumina microfluidic loop and a multichannel system with gradient porosity. The microtemplating is demonstrated to be an inexpensive and flexible process.     

Mechanical instability of a porous material

The deformation behavior of a ceramic material based on ZrO₂(Y₂O₃), yttrium partly stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YTZ), exhibits certain features related to a variety of the porous structure morphologies. In particular, the phenomenon of mechanical instability was observed in the YTZ rod and plate structures formed by ceramic synthesis.     

颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究进展

为了研究颗粒增强相对铜基复合材料的性能的影响,对不同类型铜基复合材料的特点及其制备方法进行对比分析,探讨了颗粒相的生成机制,重点论述了颗粒增强相的类型及铜基复合材料的制备工艺.结果表明在铜基体中引入纳米分散相进行复合,可以使铜合金的力学性能得到极大改善,其中机械合金化和原位复合化学反应获得的纳米陶瓷颗粒在铜基复合材料中效果最佳;反应喷射沉积成型法、液相反应原位生成法和机械合金化法在制备纳米粒子增强铜基复合材料方面有着良好的应用前景.     

基于光敏浆料的直写精细无模三维成型

配制了一种具有光敏特性的陶瓷浆料, 并用此浆料通过直写精细无模三维成型技术制备了线条直径为300μm的BaTiO3陶瓷基木堆结构. 系统地讨论了光敏浆料的配制方法、浆料直写无模成型的工作原理以及采用的烧结工艺. 制备过程中不同阶段的研究表明, 光敏浆料中的BaTiO₃纳米颗粒在烧结前未发生团聚, 从而保证挤压成型顺利进行; 烧结后样品成瓷效果好, 各向收缩均匀, 整体无变形、开裂. 该技术具有成型速度快、制造周期短、可用材料范围广等特点.     

Mechanical properties of rolled A356 based composites reinforced by Cu-coated bimodal ceramic particles

Three kinds of A356 based composites reinforced with 3 wt.% Al₂O₃ (average particle size: 170 μm), 3 wt.% SiC (average particle size: 15 μm), and 3 wt.% of mixed Al₂O₃–SiC powders (a novel composite with equal weights of reinforcement) were fabricated in this study via a two-step approach. This first process step was semi-solid stir casting, which was followed by rolling as the second process step. Electroless deposition of a copper coating onto the reinforcement was used to improve the wettability of the ceramic particles by the molten A356 alloy. From microstructural characterization, it was found that coarse alumina particles were most effective as obstacles for grain growth during solidification. The rolling process broke the otherwise present fine silicon platelets, which were mostly present around the Al₂O₃ particles. The rolling process was also found to cause fracture of silicon particles, improve the distribution of fine SiC particles, and eliminate porosity remaining after the first casting process step. Examination of the mechanical properties of the obtained composites revealed that samples which contained a bimodal ceramic reinforecment of fine SiC and coarse Al₂O₃ particles had the highest strength and hardness.     

拟薄水铝石凝胶制备牙科托槽用ZTA陶瓷的研究

利用拟薄水铝石的凝胶作用,以浓HNO_3为引发剂,将Al_2O_3(1μm)粉末和含3%Y_2O_3的ZrO_2(200nm)粉末均匀填充在拟薄水铝石的溶胶双电层内,在一定温度和时间下胶凝固化并干燥成坯。将生坯通过不同的温度烧结后,制备出ZTA陶瓷正畸托槽材料。主要研究拟薄水铝石的胶体行为、不同固含量下生坯的性能以及ZrO_2对陶瓷晶粒结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,经拟薄水铝石凝胶制备的陶瓷生坯具有一定抗弯强度(达4 MPa),可用于力学加工。在该制备方法中,ZrO_2可更好地发挥增韧作用,增加陶瓷烧结后致密度,提高陶瓷托槽材料的抗弯强度。     

TiB_2基陶瓷-42CrMo合金钢层状复合材料界面结构与力学性能

采用自蔓延高温合成离心熔铸工艺可以快速制备出TiB_2基陶瓷-42CrMo合金钢层状复合材料,并在层间界面上形成TiB_2基陶瓷/Fe-Ni合金相三维网络跨尺度连续梯度复合结构,使层状复合材料分为陶瓷基体、中间过渡区与合金钢基底3层结构。通过材料力学性能测试并结合FESEM、HRTEM观察,得出正是由于层间界面上原位生成TiB_2基陶瓷/Fe-Ni合金的三维网络跨尺度连续梯度复合结构,使复合材料不仅具有高的弯曲强度与断裂韧性,而且又使之在三点弯曲测试时呈现出明显的"假塑性"力学行为特征。同时,陶瓷基体附近界面上TiB_2基陶瓷/Fe-Ni基合金复合结构裂纹互锁效应与中间过渡区上TiB_2微纳米/纳米晶沉淀强化机制的协同作用又使TiB_2基陶瓷-42CrMo合金钢层状复合材料具有高的层间界面剪切强度。