基于听觉感知的被击阻尼板冲击声合成方法

为了合成任意材料板的冲击声,提出了一种基于球-板撞击模型的冲击声合成方法,并进行了感知验证。通过在铝、玻璃和木材三种材料之间进行差值的方法,给出了二维材料感知空间中任意虚拟材料的冲击声合成方法。设计并完成了两组主观评价实验,实验1通过材料辨识实验研究了合成声和录音对材料辨识的影响,实验2产生材料渐变的冲击声连续统,并对材料控制策略进行感知评估。结果表明,与录音相比使用合成声可以获得更好的材料辨识结果,此外听者对材料的辨识结果与阻尼的变化趋势一致,从而验证了本文冲击声合成方法的有效性。     

基于声发射信号的滚动轴承外圈疲劳剥落故障双冲击特征提取

疲劳剥落是引起滚动轴承失效的主要原因。跟振动信号一样,当滚道出现疲劳剥落故障时滚动体在进入和退出剥落区时的声发射信号也存在对应的两类不同冲击特征,称为双冲击现象。对双冲击特征的提取可实现双冲击间隔的有效测量。声发射信号具有对早期故障敏感、不易受噪声干扰等优点。采用将两类特征分离处理的方法,将声发射信号中两类冲击特征分为两部分,通过AR模型和最小熵解卷积滤波增强故障特征信号,和基于复Morlet小波的谱峭度图算法提取优化解调频带对应的包络信号,对包络信号相加并进行双冲击间隔测量。实验研究表明,该方法能够有效地分离出滚动轴承外圈疲劳剥落故障声发射信号中的双冲击特征。     

复合材料损伤失效的声发射检测研究进展

综述了复合材料损伤失效的声发射检测研究进展,从损伤源定位及损伤模式的识别与分类两方面进行了介绍。在损伤源定位方面模态声发射相比模式识别更有效,在损伤模式的分类方面模式识别技术更加有效,且人工神经网络及小波神经网络在复合材料声发射方面的研究较多。另外,介绍了模糊模式识别技术用于声发射信号分类及聚类的研究情况,根据复合材料声发射信号复杂重叠性的特点,模糊理论结合模式识别技术可以进一步实现复合材料声发射信号更有效的分析。     

一种新的基于声信号的故障分类算法

提出采用相空间重构与高斯混合模型相结合的方法,利用声信号对设备进行故障分类.此方法首先将一维声信号时间序列进行相空间重构,在高维相空间展示各故障状态下的动力学特性,然后通过最大期望值算法建立相空间的高斯混合模型,最后采用贝叶斯分类算法进行故障的识别.从齿轮故障试验台上采集常见齿轮故障的声信号并进行分类实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种新的基于声信号的故障分类算法

提出采用相空间重构与高斯混合模型相结合的方法,利用声信号对设备进行故障分类．此方法首先将一维声信号时间序列进行相空间重构,在高维相空间展示各故障状态下的动力学特性,然后通过最大期望值算法建立相空间的高斯混合模型,最后采用贝叶斯分类算法进行故障的识别．从齿轮故障试验台上采集常见齿轮故障的声信号并进行分类实验,验证了该方法的有效性．     

一种基于数据间相关性的激光喷丸声学监测技术

激光喷丸作为一种新兴的金属材料表面强化技术,与普通喷丸相比,具有更显著的改性作用,使其在航空等领域有着重要的应用价值。随着该技术的工业化程度不断加深,需要加强对其工作状态的监测诊断,保证其良好的运行状况。由于声学信号不仅携带有丰富的工作特征信息,而且获取成本较低,并能够实现无损检测,所以将声学信号应用于激光喷丸的状态监测。通过分析由等离子体冲击波衰减所产生的声波信号,提取信号特征,进行过程监测。针对于冲击信号的非线性特征,从信号内相邻数据间相关性的角度,提出了一种新的冲击声信号特征挖掘方法。一方面对于模拟冲击信号进行了分析,另一方面,对于激光喷丸实际声信号进行了处理,表明该方法能够识别冲击信号的特征变化,可以用于监测激光喷丸的工作过程,操作简单且速度较快,具有较好的应用前景。     

冲击振动提取的优化稀疏表征方法

针对在背景噪声及其他振动干扰下冲击振动信号提取问题,提出了一种利用基追踪实现冲击振动优化稀疏表征的方法。建立了冲击振动提取的稀疏求解问题模型,设计了用于冲击振动特征提取的变换基,并利用特征谱线在频谱中所占能量比作为评价冲击振动提取效果的指标,实现了冲击振动成分的优化提取。将该方法用于仿真试验和齿轮故障诊断,结果表明,与Morlet小波软阈值方法相比,本文所提方法能更好地提取微弱周期性冲击成分,具有很好的应用前景。     

滑动轴承摩擦故障趋势预测的系统自记忆模型

针对滑动轴承时间序列非线性引起的接触摩擦故障趋势难预测的问题,提出一种基于系统自记忆预测模型的滑动轴承接触摩擦故障趋势预测方法。该方法首先根据信号激励源不同的特点,将采集信号分离为冲击声和随机声,然后采用函数拟合、求导和灰色理论分别反演出冲击声和随机声的系统微分方程,并运用双向差分求取不同微分方程对轴承接触摩擦故障信号系统动力核的影响系数。通过引入自记忆函数,将滑动轴承摩擦故障系统动力核反演成一个微分-差分方程,由此得到滑动轴承的自记忆预测模型。应用到静载荷和动载荷的滑动轴承接触摩擦故障实例中,验证了所提方法的有效性,为滑动轴承磨损退化趋势预测提供了一种新的途径。     

基于EMD和能量比的战场声目标分类与识别

采用线性预测方法对信号进行边界延拓,改进EMD方法,应用EMD(经验模态分解)对战场声信号进行分解,对分解得到的有限个IMF(本征模态函数)进行FFT,求得其相应的幅值谱,进而得到其能量.选择每一个IMF的能量相对于原始信号总能量的能量比作为特征向量,并将其归一化.最后,设计神经网络分类器对不同类战场声目标进行分类与识别.实验结果表明,基于EMD和能量比的战场声目标分类与识别,分类效果显著,识别率较高.     

冲击荷载下岩石声发射信号能量特征的小波包分析

根据冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号具有非平稳的特点,利用小波包分析技术对冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号的能量分布特征进行研究。首先,简略地介绍了小波包分析的特点。其次,基于MATLAB对岩石声发射信号进行小波包分析,得到了冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号在不同频带上的能量分布图。最后,总结了冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号频带能量的分布规律,重点讨论了冲击荷载作用下不同岩石对声发射信号频带能量分布的影响。分析结果发现岩石的物理力学性质影响冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号频带能量的分布规律,即岩石密度越小、纵波波速越小、弹性模量越小,冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号的优势频率就越集中,且优势频率有往低频发展的趋势;单轴压缩强度和抗拉强度对冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号能量在优势频率内分布的影响不明显。     

Theoretical foundations for integrating sound in interactive interfaces: identifying temporal and spatial information conveyance principles

This paper proposes theoretical foundations for conveying temporal (i.e. relating to time) and spatial (i.e. relating to space) information using auditory cues in interactive systems. Three theoretical models are developed to aid the design of auditory interfaces, including an audio integration model that outlines an end-to-end process for adding sounds to interactive interfaces, a temporal audio model that provides a framework for when to integrate these sounds to meet certain performance objectives and a spatial audio model that provides a framework for adding spatialisation cues to interface sounds. The models presented in this paper, which are each coupled with a set of design guidelines theorised from the literature, put forward a structured process for integrating sounds in interactive interfaces.     

Application of combined temporal and spectral processing methods for speaker recognition under noisy,reverberant or multi-speaker environments

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the combined temporal and spectral processing methods for speaker recognition task under noise, reverberation or multi-speaker environments. Automatic speaker recognition system gives good performance in controlled environments. Speech recorded in real environments by distant microphones is degraded by factors like background noise, reverberation and interfering speakers. This degradation strongly affects the performance of the speaker recognition system. Combined temporal and spectral processing (TSP) methods proposed in our earlier study are used for pre-processing to improve the speaker-specific features and hence the speaker recognition performance. Different types of degradation like background noise, reverberation and interfering speaker are considered for evaluation. The evaluation is carried out for the individual temporal processing, spectral processing and the combined TSP method. The experimental results show that the combined TSP methods give relatively higher recognition performance compared to either temporal or spectral processing alone.     

Effects of pulse rate,fundamental frequency and burst density on auditory similarity

Auditory displays are currently used in many medical, automotive and aviation settings. Although there are many existing guidelines for developing effective auditory signals, there is a need for more research considering the interaction between signals within a display, especially when sounds originate from conceptually distinct referent systems. Identifying the parameters that are most relevant to auditory similarity can facilitate acoustic branding and the development of guidelines that ensure signals for different systems are distinct without requiring standardisation. Twenty-seven undergraduate students judged the similarity of a set of abstract sounds varying in tempo, or pulse rate, fundamental frequency and burst density. Results indicate that no single parameter is entirely responsible for determining auditory similarity, but temporal characteristics are most salient. These findings have implications for acoustic branding and suggest that designers intending to ensure perceptual similarity and separation between differentially mapped sounds should manipulate temporal characteristics before frequency or burst density.     

模拟听觉的机器故障诊断设备的框架

文章先分析谱相关和人耳听觉的某些相似特性,如两者都不管信号的初相位,即使相位相差90°的正弦和余弦信号,只要频率相同人耳听到的是同样的声音,而谱相关系数也接近于1。然后,利用谱相关系数模拟人耳听觉的某些特性,提出一个机器故障诊断设备的框架。     

Microstructure dependence of diffusional transport

A simple and effective numerical method is proposed for simulating the temporal diffusive mass transport process through a microstructure with arbitrary complexity described by a phase-field approach. The mass diffusion through a given microstructure is modeled by a diffusion equation with a variable diffusion coefficient, which is solved by an efficient and accurate semi-implicit spectral method. It is shown that it is possible to extract the effective diffusion coefficient for any given microstructure from the temporal concentration profiles. The method is used to simulate the grain boundary diffusion in a single-phase polycrystalline grain structure and the heterogeneous diffusion in a two-phase microstructure with different diffusion coefficient in each phase. Results are compared with existing analytical theories and computer simulations.     

Interference effects and phase sensitivity in hearing

This paper reviews interference effects in the auditory system, particularly effects occurring in the outer ear and the inner ear (cochlea). Sounds enter the ear canal both directly and after reflections from the pinna. This results in complex spectral patterns, which vary systematically with the direction of incidence of the sound source relative to the head. Evidence is described indicating that these spectral patterns are used in the localization of sounds in space. The cochlea behaves like a limited-resolution frequency analyser. When the components of a complex sound are closely spaced in frequency, they can interfere on the basilar membrane (BM) within the cochlea. Interference effects on the BM are complex, as they are influenced by a physiologically active mechanism which introduces strong nonlinearities, including level-dependent amplification. Interference effects on the BM play a role in many aspects of auditory perception, including the perception of consonance and dissonance, the perception of pitch, the perception of changes in phase, and the perception of timbre. Interference effects in the cochlea may also play a role in producing the spectral regularity observed in sounds reflected from the ear (otoacoustic emissions).     

Determination of trace-gas amounts in plumes by the use of orthogonal digital filtering of thermal-emission spectra

The thermal emission of gases in a plume can be measured by a Fourier-transform spectrometer that is located some distance from the plume. In order to measure quantitatively the amount of a particular gas of interest, in general a large spectrally structured background must be removed. Differencing techniques, in which a measured background spectrum is subtracted from a measured spectrum believed to contain a target, often do not remove background spectral features adequately. The inadequacy of two-spectrum differencing techniques is due to the spatial and the temporal variations in a scene. We present a method by which to reduce spatial and temporal spectral clutter to instrument random noise, allowing the measurement of gas amounts in an effluent plume. The method is applied to simulated data and field data to show its effectiveness.     

Spectroscopic imaging of laser-induced plasma

Spectroscopic imaging provides 2D images with full spectral resolution at each pixel. Thus, chemical imaging of an object, as well as other useful information, can be obtained. An imaging spectroscopy method in the visible range is presented and applied to laser plasma. This is a powerful research tool with numerous possible applications. This study is focused on spectroscopic imaging of laser-produced plasmas, and such spectral images (full spectrum at each pixel) are presented for the first time. Detailed information on optical and geometrical effects are obtained, and an insight to the optimization of the laser plasma spectroscopy method is achieved. The size and the spatial shape of the plasma, which can be used for matrix effect compensation, are measured. Similarity maps and classification maps of laser-induced plasma are obtained for the first time. These maps are used for allocation of chemical components in the plasma. The signal to noise ratio maps of the spectra obtained from laser-induced plasmas are provided. These surfaces possess a clear maximum, indicating that there is a preferred site in the plasma, where the emitted light provides the best signal to noise ratio. The performance of the current method is limited by the lack of temporal resolution, although it can be extended by a proper temporal gating.     

Generation of pulsed polarization-entangled two-photon state via temporal and spectral engineering

The quantum state of the photon pair generated from type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion pumped by an ultrafast laser pulse exhibits strong decoherence in its polarization entanglement, an effect which can be attributed to the clock effect of the pump pulse or, equivalently, to distinguishing spectral information in the two-photon state. Here, we propose novel temporal and spectral engineering techniques to eliminate these detrimental decoherence effects. The temporal engineering of the two-photon wavefunction results in a universal Bell-state synthesizer that is independent of the choice of pump source, crystal parameters, wavelengths of the interacting photons and the bandwidth of the spectral filter. In the spectral engineering technique, the distinguishing spectral features of the two-photon state are eliminated through modifications to the two-photon source. In addition, spectral engineering also provides a means for the generation of polarization-entangled states with novel spectral characteristics: the frequency-correlated state and the frequency-uncorrelated state.