热处理温度对电致变色玻璃用WO_3薄膜性能的影响研究

采用过氧化聚钨酸法制备WO_3溶胶,在ITO导电玻璃基体上采用旋涂法制备WO_3薄膜。主要探讨了退火温度对WO_3薄膜结构与电变色性能、响应时间和循环稳定性的影响。热重和X射线衍射分析结果表明:热处理温度应低于320℃时,WO_3薄膜为非晶态。在240~320℃范围内,随着热处理温度升高,光密度变化量降低即电致变色性能变差,着-褪色时间延长,而薄膜的循环稳定性越来越好。经320℃退火处理的WO_3薄膜形成晶态,稳定性好,此时该电致变色薄膜的着-褪色响应时间分别为2.76和1.30s。     

MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能EI北大核心

采用水热法与电化学沉积法相结合的方式,以导电玻璃为基底制备不同MoO_(3)沉积周期的MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜。利用电化学性能测试与光谱测试,得到了MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜的电致变色可逆性、光密度值(ΔOD)、着色效率、稳定性和响应时间等性能参数。结果表明,电沉积8个周期MoO_(3)的MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜与单一WO_(3)纳米棒薄膜和MoO_(3)薄膜相比具有最佳的电致变色性能,其电致变色可逆性为62.19%,光密度为0.61,着色效率为153.16 cm^(2)/C,着色和褪色响应时间分别为8.37 s和4.77 s,同时,具有更窄的带隙和更高的循环稳定性。     

核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能研究

采用溶剂热法在氟掺杂的锡氧化物导电玻璃衬底上成功合成制备了长度为400~2000 nm,从基底(80 nm)到尖端(30 nm)锥状塔式WO_3纳米线薄膜,进而通过电化学沉积法在WO_3纳米线表面均匀沉积V_2O_5纳米颗粒,从而得到核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜。运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对复合薄膜进行表征,并运用循环伏安法、计时电流法和紫外可见光谱分析研究了该复合薄膜的电化学性能和光学性能。结果表明,与单一的V_2O_5薄膜相比,该复合薄膜的电致变色性能获得了显著增强。具有更好的循环稳定性、更大的透射率调制幅度(776 nm为67%)和更高的着色效率(776nm为13.5 cm2/C)。该法制备WO_3/V_2O_5核壳纳米结构电致变色综合性能优良,有望在隐身材料和智能变色薄膜材料等领域得到广泛应用。     

中频磁控溅射制备氧化钨薄膜及电致变色性能研究

采用中频磁控溅射方法,在氧化铟(ITO)玻璃上采用氧化钨(WO_3)陶瓷靶沉积薄膜,研究溅射气压对WO_3薄膜结构与光学性能的影响规律,并对其电致变色行为进行了探讨。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了WO_3薄膜的成分结构和表面形貌,紫外可见分光光度计和电化学工作站对薄膜的光调制性能、电致变色伏安特性、以及循环寿命性能进行了研究,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对WO_3薄膜在着色、褪色状态下进行了化学成分及氧化状态分析。结果表明:随着溅射气压的增大,WO3薄膜的形貌结构变得疏松、粗糙,更有利于Li+的注入与脱出,响应速度变快、调制幅度增大、电致变色性能优异,但循环寿命性能有所降低。当溅射气压为4Pa时WO3薄膜的电致变色综合性能最好,在550nm处的调制幅度可达81.0%,着色、褪色响应时间分别为7.8s、5.85s,且在1500次循环后,仍保持较高的电致变色性能。     

磁控溅射沉积气致变色WO_3薄膜研究进展

氧化钨薄膜因其特殊的物理化学性质,在智能窗、传感器等诸多新领域具有广泛的应用前景。为使WO_3薄膜气致变色特性得到良好的应用,需要制备新型纳米结构氧化钨薄膜。磁控溅射是工业制备WO_3薄膜的有效方法之一。掠射角磁控溅射是在传统磁控溅射基础上发展的新型薄膜制备技术,通过将衬底倾斜一定角度,可制备出具有高结晶度、大比表面积、排列规则的纳米结构WO_3薄膜。综述了氧分压、溅射功率及热处理等磁控溅射参数对WO_3薄膜组成、形貌、晶体结构等的影响,重点介绍了具有独特优势的掠射角磁控溅射技术,及利用其制备得到的纳米结构WO_3薄膜在智能窗和气体传感器等方面的应用,提出了掠射角磁控溅射制备纳米结构WO_3薄膜存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

PEG改性氧化钨薄膜的电致变色特性

为改善WO₃薄膜的电致变色性能, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚乙二醇(PEG)改性的WO₃电致变色薄膜, 并对其着色态与漂白态的光学特性以及循环伏安特性进行了研究。研究表明: PEG改性的WO₃薄膜具有良好的电致变色性能, 循环5000次伏安曲线无明显衰减, 对可见光的最大透过率调制幅度可达71%。PEG的加入改变了WO₃薄膜的微结构, 形成了平均直径为9 nm的介孔, 提高了离子在其中的扩散速率, 因此改善了WO₃薄膜的电致变色性能。由于循环稳定性对于电致变色材料的实际应用至关重要, 因此这种低成本的湿化学法有望用于制备高性能的WO₃基电致变色器件。     

导电聚合物PEDOT:PSS纸基印刷成膜和变色器件的制备

目的 以导电聚合物PEDOT:PSS作为电极和电致变色材料,通过棒涂、丝网印刷和凹版印刷等3种方式,实现导电聚合物纸基电致变色器件的制备.方法 通过溶剂(二甲基亚砜、异丙醇、甲醇、乙二醇、聚乙烯醇)掺杂的方式对3种印刷成膜特性进行优化;使用丙三醇提高PEDOT:PSS薄膜的导电性,采用PEDOT:PSS制作器件的变色层和电极层,简化变色器件结构.分别对变色器件的启动电压、变色效果、紫外吸收和弯曲等性能进行评价.结果 3种印刷方式均能实现纸基变色器件的制备,其中以凹版印刷方式制备的变色器件具有最佳的变色性能,即启动电压低(U=0.18 V)、响应时间短(t=2 s)、色差变化大(ΔE*=25.54),变色前后吸光度变化大(0.27),弯曲循环1000次后色差变化为1.结论 电致变色器件可以通过印刷的方式在纸基材料上进行制备,将纸基电致变色器件与印刷包装产品相结合,不仅能提高产品包装的外观表现,还可以增加产品包装的技术水平.     

基于WO3/NiOx膜系的固态电致变色器件研究

氧化钨和氧化镍是目前研究最多、应用最广的两种电致变色材料.本文详细地介绍了本实验室射频溅射WO3和NiOx薄膜的制备和性能以及以它们为基的夹层式固态电致变色器件的制作和性能.     

纳米WO3薄膜

综述了纳米WO3薄膜的制备、表征及其在电致变色、气敏材料、共催化剂等方面的应用和作用原理.     

柔性电致变色器件研究进展

电致变色材料是一类重要的光电功能材料, 可以随周期性调整的电压改变颜色。这种可控的光学吸收率和透过率的调制在智能窗户、电致变色显示和防眩光后视镜等应用场合大显身手。近年来电致变色技术发展迅速, 但当前的研究大多集中在传统刚性电致变色器件, 通常以氧化铟锡(ITO)等导电玻璃为基底。这些刚性变色器件存在厚度大、共型性差、机械强度低、成本高等不可忽视的问题, 阻碍了电致变色技术及其商业化的发展。伴随着开发可穿戴设备和电子皮肤等其他未来技术的热潮, 柔性电致变色器件因其可折叠性、可穿戴性甚至可嵌入性而备受关注, 已跻身成为电致变色领域的研究热点。本综述从制备柔性电致变色器件的材料出发, 系统地概述了无机、有机、无机/有机复合及其他新型柔性电致变色器件最新进展和趋势, 着重介绍了可拉伸电致变色器件的国内外研究进展。同时讨论了现阶段柔性电致变色器件在性能提升和实际应用等方面遇到的挑战, 以及国内外研究者采取的应对措施。最后明确了柔性电致变色器件制备与提升性能的关键, 并对未来的发展趋势做出展望。     

WO3薄膜的制备及气敏特性研究进展

WO3薄膜是一种智能材料，在电致变色、共催化和气敏性方面具有广阔的应用前景。综述了WO3薄膜材料的制备方法及现状，并对其优缺点进行了评价。介绍了气敏性方面的应用和机理，说明了不同掺杂对气敏的影响；并对今后的发展方向提出了一些看法。     

纳米WO3材料的制备、应用及研究趋势

结合近年来国内外相关文献，综述了纳米WO3材料的研究现状与进展，重点概述了超细WO3粉体和纳米WO3薄膜的各种制备方法及各自优缺点，并介绍了纳米WO3薄膜的稀有金属掺杂研究等；分析了纳米WO3材料的研究意义，介绍了纳米WO3材料在变色及催化等方面的应用。最后分析了纳米WO3材料应用的发展趋势。     

Research Advances of Amorphous Metal Oxides in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Amorphous metal oxides (AMOs) have aroused great enthusiasm across multiple energy areas over recent years due to their unique properties, such as the intrinsic isotropy, versatility in compositions, absence of grain boundaries, defect distribution, flexible nature, etc. Here, the materials engineering of AMOs is systematically reviewed in different electrochemical applications and recent advances in understanding and developing AMO‐based high‐performance electrodes are highlighted. Attention is focused on the important roles that AMOs play in various energy storage and conversion technologies, such as active materials in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors as well as active catalysts in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The improvements of electrochemical performance in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors are reviewed regarding the enhancement in active sites, mechanical strength, and defect distribution of amorphous structures. Furthermore, the high electrochemical activities boosted by AMOs in various fundamental reactions are elaborated on and they are related to the electrocatalytic behaviors in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The applications in electrochromism and high‐conducting sensors are also briefly discussed. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges of AMOs for electrochemical applications are proposed, together with several promising future research directions.     

Investigation on the application of steel slag-fly ash-phosphogypsum solidified material as road base material

The aim of the present work is to prepare a new type of steel slag-fly ash-phosphogypsum solidified material totally composed with solid wastes to be utilized as road base material. The mix formula of this material was optimized, the solidified material with optimal mix formula (fly ash/steel slag=1:1, phosphogypsum dosage=2.5%) results in highest strength. The strength development, resilience modulus and splitting strength of this material were studied comparing with some typical road base materials, the 28- and 360-day strength of this material can reach 8MPa and 12MPa, respectively, its resilience modulus reaches 1987MPa and splitting strength reaches 0.82MPa, it has higher early strength than lime-fly ash and lime-soil road base material, its long-term strength is much higher than cement stabilized granular materials, the solidified material has best water stability among those road base materials, it can be engineered as road base material with competitive properties. The strength formation mechanism of this solidified material is discussed also.     

Nanoarchitectonics for Transition‐Metal‐Sulfide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Heterogenous electrocatalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being actively explored in renewable energy research because nanostructured forms support high intrinsic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, it is described how researchers are working to improve the performance of TMS‐based materials by manipulating their internal and external nanoarchitectures. A general introduction to the water‐splitting reaction is initially provided to explain the most important parameters in accessing the catalytic performance of nanomaterials catalysts. Later, the general synthetic methods used to prepare TMS‐based materials are explained in order to delve into the various strategies being used to achieve higher electrocatalytic performance in the HER. Complementary strategies can be used to increase the OER performance of TMS, resulting in bifunctional water‐splitting electrocatalysts for both the HER and the OER. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of TMS materials in the context of water splitting are summarized. The aim herein is to provide insights gathered in the process of studying TMS, and describe valuable guidelines for engineering other kinds of nanomaterial catalysts for energy conversion and storage technologies.     

水热法制备TiO2纳米棒阵列及应用研究进展

TiO_2纳米棒阵列由于具有电子传输率高和光散射效应强等优异的特性,从而在太阳能电池、光催化、光解水制氢等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。主要从水热法制备工艺及生长机理、形貌优化及改性和应用几个方面综述了TiO_2纳米棒阵列的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势进行展望。     

自组装磷化镍纳米片阵列电极的电催化析氢性能研究

可持续发展的清洁氢能源是未来能源发展的方向之一,因而发展高效廉价的析氢材料变得尤为重要。本文首次通过水热和退火的方式制备出自组装磷化镍纳米片阵列结构,并通过SEM和XRD等技术表征这种结构的形貌和组成成分。与众多关于Ni-P纳米材料集中在酸性体系下的析氢电化学研究不同,本文首次通过在碱性条件下稳态极化曲线(LSV)、Tafel极化曲线、电流-时间曲线(i-t)以及交流阻抗曲线探究了其作为电解水析氢纳米电催化电极材料的电化学性能。该材料的电极具有特殊的纳米形貌结构和性质,使其具有更低的析氢反应电位、更大的析氢反应活性和较好的稳定性,具有替代贵金属作为水解析氢材料的潜力。     

Electrochromic Materials for optical switching devices

The basic principles of electrochromism have been reported and discussed using the example of WO₃, and some other important electrochromic materials have been described which have a number of interesting technical applications. Both compounds and materials used in ECDs were discussed and the principles of device design were portrayed, using as an example a reflective ASSD. By continuing the search for new electrochromic compounds and by further improving device design and cost optimization the applications of these materials are bound to increase.     

Photocatalytic activity of β-MnO2 nanotubes grown on PET fibre under visible light irradiation

Development of visible light response semiconductor photocatalysts in degradation of organic compounds (pollutants) is one of the current research focuses due to the severe environmental pollution from various industrial and agricultural pollutants in water bodies. In this work, β-MnO₂ particles were successfully prepared by sol-gel method with potassium permanganate and manganese (II) sulphate as precursors. The transmission electron microscope/selected area electron diffraction analysis indicates that the particles were polycrystals with tubular structure. The photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) solution using β-MnO₂ nanotubes under visible irradiation followed 1^st order kinetic with rate constant of 0.022 ± 0.003 min^?1 and photodegradation efficiency of 90.3% after 120 min under visible light irradiation. The N-deethylation was the dominant process in photodegradation of RhB dye by β-MnO₂ nanotubes as compared to cycloreversion process. By applying similar synthesis condition, the β-MnO₂ nanotubes were successfully synthesised on PET fibre. The photodegradation efficiency of RhB dye under circulation condition by β-MnO₂ nanotubes grown on PET fibre under visible light irradiation was 1.23 h^?1. The result suggests that β-MnO₂ nanotubes grown on PET fibre could be used as visible light-driven photocatalysts for wastewater purifier application.