高聚合度聚氯乙烯的溶度参数

高聚合度聚氯乙烯的溶度参数与ＰＶＣ的溶度参数是否一致，尚无结论。本工作选择浓度滴定法，平衡溶胀法和粘度法等３种方法测定了聚合度为２５００的高聚合度聚氯乙烯树脂的溶度参数分别为２０．１３，２０．２５，２０．３０（Ｊ／ｃｍ＾３）１／２。实验结果表明，高聚合度聚氯乙烯树脂的聚合度虽然约为聚氯乙烯树脂的２－３倍，但对溶度参数值影响不大。上述３种测定方法中；浊度滴定法具有操作简单，重复性好等优点，是一种较好     

溶剂脱脂型MIM粘结剂的研究

对溶剂脱脂的原理及其影响因素进行了阐述，介绍了溶剂脱脂型粘结剂的研究发展情况。认为水溶性粘结剂是一类环境友好的粘结剂，具有良好的应用前景，从分子量和溶度参数两个影响因素出发，简述了溶剂脱脂型粘结剂的设计方法。     

聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯的合成及吸油性能

以甲基丙烯酸十二酯(LMA)为单体,采用悬浮聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯(PLMA),研究了该树脂对柴油、汽油、甲苯和四氯化碳的吸油性能。结果表明,树脂的吸油率随着时间的延长不断增大,最后达到最大吸油率Qmax,CCl4的Qmax最大,为14.596 g/g,达到Qmax的时间约为110 min;柴油的的Qmax最小,为4.174 g/g,而吸油速率则随着时间的延长呈现出不断降低的趋势。树脂对CCl4、甲苯和汽油的保油率不到90%,对柴油的保油率达到90%以上。树脂的缓释保油率与油品的种类关系较大,树脂对甲苯和四氯化碳的缓释能力较大。     

聚苯乙烯－二乙烯基苯共聚物树脂的溶胀干燥动力学

研究了聚苯乙烯－二乙烯基苯交联树脂作为空气清新剂的缓释基材在不同条件下的干燥过程。发现交联树脂具有明显的缓释作用，香料挥发量以指数函数的形式下降，其中以２％ＤＶＢ加入量的交联树脂的缓释作用尤为显著，同时树脂粒径的大小也对香料的挥发速率产生明显的影响。     

P84共聚聚酰亚胺湿法纺丝溶剂的选择

P84共聚聚酰亚胺能溶于常见的非质子溶剂进行湿法纺丝。良溶剂可以制得性能稳定的纺丝浆液,这对得到结构相对密实的聚酰亚胺纤维很重要。本文从聚合物和溶剂溶度参数的计算,P84共聚聚酰亚胺在不同溶剂中的特性黏度测试以及P84共聚聚酰亚胺/溶剂/水三元体系的相图三方面出发,比较分析了较适合P84共聚聚酰亚胺湿法纺丝的溶剂。结果表明,P84的溶度参数为10.35,与N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)的溶度参数(分别为11.23和11.14)较接近;P84-NMP,P84-DMAc和P84-DMF的特性黏度分别是0.807,0.657和0.615;结合相图得到NMP、DMAc以及N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)比较适合P84湿法纺丝,其中NMP最佳。     

可降解材料聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚乳酸的溶度参数与相容性

采用基团贡献法求出了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)和聚乳酸(PLA)的一维溶度参数和Hansen三维溶度参数理论值,并通过溶解试验获得了PPC和PLA的三维溶度参数值,结合Teas图分析了聚合物与溶剂之间的溶度参数距离(Ri)和Flory-Huggins相互作用参数(χAB),预测和分析了PPC和PLA的相容性。结果表明,PPC和PLA的一维溶度参数理论值分别为20.37(J/cm³)1/2、19.97 (J/cm³)1/2; PPC的Hansen三维溶度参数(δd、δp、δh)和总溶度参数理论值(δ)分别为14.68 (J/cm³)1/2、7.37 (J/cm³)1/2、10.79 (J/cm³)1/2和19.65 (J/cm³)1/2,PLA的分别为15. 45 (J/cm³)1/2、8.51 (J/cm³)1/2、11.02 (J/cm³)1/2和20.80 (J/cm³)1/2;试验法得出PPC的δd、δp、δh、δ分别为16.94 (J/cm³)1/2、7.05 (J/cm³)1/2、6.75 (J/cm³)1/2、19.56 (J/cm³)1/2,PLA的则分别为16.83 (J/cm³)1/2、6.40 (J/cm³)1/2、6.70 (J/cm³)1/2、19.21 (J/cm³)1/2,且在Teas图中,所有良溶剂位于一定的溶解区域内,不良溶剂位于区域外,聚合物与良溶剂的Ri小于与不良溶剂的Ri,聚合物与良溶剂的χAB小于0.5,与不良溶剂的χAB大于0.5,表明试验结果可信;通过理论计算和试验法求出PPC和PLA都具有相近的溶度参数值,且溶度参数差值的绝对值(Δ)位于0.077～1.300 (J/cm³)1/2之间,表明两者之间为部分相容。     

聚苯基膦酸二苯砜酯阻燃剂的溶解性能和溶度参数的订定

研究了聚苯基膦酸二苯砜酯阻燃剩(SF-FR)在五十余种溶刺中的溶解性能,测定了它在不同性质溶剂中的特性粘度。用浊度法估测该聚合物的溶度参数,并用特性粘度法对其溶度参数分量进行了订定。     

壳聚糖/改性凹土复合树脂的制备及其缓释性能研究

以壳聚糖和改性凹土为原料,采用氢氧化钠固化,戊二醛交联的方法制备了壳聚糖/改性凹土复合树脂微球,分别采用FT-IR和TG对树脂进行结构表征。以阿司匹林为模型药物,考察了树脂的缓释性能,并对最优条件下树脂释放药物的曲线进行了动力学模型拟合。研究结果表明,CS/O-ATP树脂的吸附性能和缓释性能最佳,当戊二醛的加入量为6mL时,其载药量和包封率分别为12.2%和39.88%,且缓释效果较好。CS/O-ATP树脂的药物释放规律复合Higuchi方程,表明该树脂可以作为长效药物的缓释载体。     

聚苯乙烯—二乙烯基苯共聚物树脂的溶胀干燥动力学

研究了聚苯乙－二乙烯基苯交联树脂为作为空气清闲缓释基材在不同条件下燥过程。发现交联树脂具有明显的缓释作用，香料挥发量以指数函数的     

聚碘树脂平均聚合度对其缓释性、稳定性和杀菌性能的影响

研究平均聚合度对聚碘树脂缓释浓度、稳定性和杀菌能力的影响,这对于聚碘树脂在饮用水消毒中的应用具有重要的指导作用。本研究以平均聚合度不同的聚碘树脂为研究体系;通过UV/Vis法测定了其不同时间的缓释浓度;通过加速试验法,测定其贮存稳定性;采用热重法测定其热稳定性;提出了改进的烧瓶振荡法与悬液定量法相结合来评价微溶出性聚碘树脂消毒剂的杀菌效果,讨论了其杀菌机理。结果表明:随着平均聚合度的增大,缓释浓度和杀菌率均增大,而贮存稳定性和热稳定性降低。此外,聚碘树脂在溶液中的杀菌机理是通过缓释液中的碘单质和聚碘树脂与细菌的接触两种方式来杀菌的;其中,三碘树脂主要是通过接触的方式杀菌,而其它聚碘树脂是通过2种方式的共同作用来杀菌。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.