超高比表面积活性炭的制备与表征

以无患子残渣为原料,KOH与K2CO3作为活化剂,采用微波炭化和活化两步法制备超高比表面积活性炭,通过正交实验优化活性炭的制备工艺,探讨了碱炭比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。利用N2吸脱附实验、XRD、FT-IR等实验技术,对制备的活性炭结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明,在碱炭质量比为4∶1、活化温度800℃、活化时间30 min的条件下,所制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附值为595 mg/g,BET比表面积为3 479 m2/g,吸附累积总孔容达1.8262 cm3/g,平均孔径为2.0997 nm。     

微波热裂解-KOH活化制备杏壳活性炭及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以陇东地区生物质废弃物杏壳为原料,采用微波热裂解-KOH活化联合法制备活性炭,研究了微波功率和时间,活化过程中KOH溶液的浓度、用量、浸渍时间、加热活化温度和时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响;以甲基橙为染料模拟印染废水,研究了甲基橙初始浓度、振荡吸附时间和活性炭用量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:微波功率800W,热裂解30min,生物炭的收率为56%;KOH溶液的浓度为25%,碱/炭为2.5∶1,活化温度800℃,加热活化1.5h,所制备活性炭的碘吸附值为1332mg/g,比表面积为1223m2/g,总孔体积为0.68cm3/g,活性炭的得率为32.7%;甲基橙浓度为250mg/g,振荡吸附240min,活性炭用量为每100mL甲基橙溶液0.15g时,甲基橙去除率高达99.78%;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

物理活化白酒糟制备多孔炭材料

白酒糟是典型的富含纤维素生物质过程残渣,以水蒸气及CO2为活化剂研究了制备白酒糟多孔炭(活性炭)的各种操作条件,包括炭化温度、活化温度、活化剂流量对多孔炭样品性能的影响规律,证明了利用白酒糟制备多孔炭材料的技术可行性。基于SEM、XRD、N2吸附对材料表面和孔隙的表征,并结合制备过程气相产物的实时监测,解析了白酒糟多孔炭制备过程的活化反应历程。结果表明,低温炭化和高温活化有利于提高多孔炭对碘和亚甲基蓝的吸附,水蒸气比CO2具有更高的反应活性。制备多孔炭的比表面积和孔体积分别达到了371.6 m2/g和0.34 cm3/g,对应的碘和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别是580 mg/g和90 mg/g。同时揭示了活化反应中活化剂首先与炭化料的H、O官能团发生反应形成初级孔隙,进而和C物种反应形成石墨微晶的堆垛和层错,形成多孔结构。     

K_2CO_3活化法制备芋叶柄基活性炭的研究

以废弃的芋叶柄为原料,K2CO3为活化剂,制备芋叶柄基活性炭,考察炭化和活化工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响,采用等温氮吸脱附测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品材料进行了测试。结果表明:若以碘吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度200g/L、活化温度850℃、活化时间35min,碘值为1930.4mg/g,BET比表面积为633.215m2/g,孔容为0.194cm3/g,孔径为18.45nm。以亚甲基蓝吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度175g/L、活化温度875℃、活化时间35min,亚甲基蓝吸附值为298.8mg/g,BET比表面积为604.708m2/g,孔容为0.076cm3/g,孔径为18.533nm。     

微波加热碳酸钾法制备烟杆基高比表面积活性炭

以烟杆炭化料为原料,采用微波加热碳酸钾活化法制备了高比表面积活性炭.研究了微波加热时间和碱炭比对活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响,得到了优化工艺条件,所得活性炭产品的碘吸附值为1834mg/g,亚甲基兰吸附值为517.5mg/g,得率为16.65%.产品的吸附性能超过了双电层电容器专用活性炭(LY/T 1617-2004)标准的要求,同常规加热相比,活化时间缩短了78.26% .同时测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线,通过非定域化密度函数理论表征了活性炭的孔结构.该高比表面积活性炭的比表面积为2557m2/g,总孔体积为1.6470ml/g.     

甘蔗渣活性炭的制备及其活化剂的回收利用

以甘蔗渣为原料、H3PO4为活化剂制备甘蔗渣活性炭。采用热重分析仪(TGA)研究了甘蔗渣/H3PO4的热解过程,运用正交试验对甘蔗渣活性炭的制备工艺进行了优化,考察了制备过程中回收的活化剂对样品性能的影响规律。研究表明,制备甘蔗渣活性炭的适宜温度为460~770K;优化后的工艺条件为H3PO4体积分数17%、添加剂X含量5%、活化温度773K、活化时间0.33h,在该条件下所制得的活性炭样品的碘吸附值为1040.13mg/g,得率为43.18%;活化剂H3PO4经10次循环回收利用后,样品的碘吸附值为945.84mg/g、得率为45.82%,表明活化剂H3PO4经过多次回收利用仍能制备出性能优良的活性炭。     

KOH活化制备石油焦基微孔活性炭及表征

以新疆克拉玛依石油焦为原料,KOH为活化剂,在N2保护下,采用化学活化法制备高比表面积活性炭。系统考察了碱焦比、活化温度、活化时间以及N2流速对所制备活性炭的碘吸附值及产率的影响。结果表明:当碱焦比为4∶1、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为0.5h及N2流速为50mL/min时,制备出的活性炭BET比表面积高达2806.69m2/g,碘吸附值为2941mg/g,活化产率为62.1%。采用N2吸附-脱附及X射线衍射等实验手段对活性炭进行了表征。     

椰壳纤维基高比表面积中孔活性炭的制备

以椰壳纤维为原料,制备高比表面积中孔活性炭.采用正交试验设计实验方案,研究KOH和NaOH复合活化法制备活性炭的实验方案与工艺条件.考察了活化剂配比、炭化温度、活化温度、时间和升温速率对所制活性炭吸附性能的影响.在最佳工艺条件下,所制活性炭的比表面积达到2032m2/g,中孔发达,特别是2nm～4nm的,中孔比例达到28%.活性炭对的碘吸附值为1435mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为495mg/g,产率为49%.     

KOH活化法制备汉麻秆活性炭及其微孔结构的研究

采用生物质材料制备比表面积大、微孔结构发达的活性炭,对于缓解资源紧缺、拓展活性炭在气相吸附和双电层电容器等方面的应用具有重大意义。以汉麻秆为原料、KOH为活化剂制备活性炭,通过正交试验探讨碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭得率和碘吸附值的影响;采用场电镜、孔径分析仪对样品的微孔结构进行分析。结果表明,影响活性炭得率和碘吸附值的最显著因素分别为碱炭比和活化温度,在碱炭比4∶1、活化温度900℃、活化时间为0.5h的条件下,活性炭得率为72%、碘吸附值为2 047mg/g,比表面积为1 924.08m2/g,总孔容为1.01cm3/g,平均孔径为2.1nm;该活性炭的微孔结构发达(微孔率为81.19%),孔径分布较窄,同时存在超微孔和极微孔,且极微孔含量很高。     

微波加热烟杆制备微孔活性炭的研究

研究了微波加热烟杆氯化锌活化法制备微孔活性炭的新工艺.采用正交试验研究了氯化锌浓度、浸渍时间、微波功率和活化时间对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响.最佳工艺条件为ZnCl2浓度25%,浸渍时间36h,微波功率为700W,加热时间为16 min时,所制备的活性炭的碘吸附值为1059.32 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为21 mL/0.1g,得率为32.90 %.该工艺将常规加热方法的预热、干燥、炭化和活化简化为一个过程,所需要加热时间仅为传统方法的1/13,产品活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为国家一级品标准的2.33倍.同时测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线,通过BET法计算了活性炭的比表面积,并通过H-K方程、D-A方程和密度函数理论(DFT)表征了活性炭的孔结构.结果表明:该活性炭为微孔型,BET比表面积为1214m2/g,总孔容为0.7387 mL/g,微孔占总孔容74.03%,中孔占24.54%,大孔占1.43%.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.