碳纳米团簇向碳纳米纤维相转变机理研究

为了能够快速且大面积生长碳纳米纤维,研究碳纳米纤维的形成、转变及在各种物理、化学环境下的反应机理,应用等离子化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法,以CH4为反应气体,FeCl2为催化剂在玻璃衬底上生长碳纳米薄膜.应用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了碳纳米纤维薄膜的表面形貌,拉曼(Raman)光谱分析了碳纳米纤维的结构组成.结果表明,无催化剂时薄膜主要由纳米团簇构成,而催化作用下薄膜呈纤维状生长,纳米纤维为典型的碳纳米管石墨特征峰.在温度,气压,催化剂等反应条件中,FeCl2催化剂对碳纳米薄膜的取向生长起决定性作用,通过调节催化剂的浓度与分布,可有效改变碳纳米纤维的密度与分布.     

胶原蛋白纳米超薄膜在生物材料表面的原位构建及表征

采用静电层层自组装技术构建了以I型胶原蛋白(COL)为主要构成的纳米超薄膜。该类型薄膜厚度与涂层层数呈线性关系。通过"喷涂"方式,在未经任何理化作用处理的生物可降解聚酯材料表面可原位形成厚度可控的胶原蛋白薄膜结构,改善聚酯材料的亲水性。在小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)培养实验中,聚乳酸(PLA)表面负载多层膜以后,表现出良好的细胞生物相容性,有利于细胞的生长和铺展。     

常温超声波处理对芳砜纶纤维界面性能的影响

为提高芳砜纶(PSA)纤维表面润湿性和基体界面黏结性能,用超声波在常温下对芳砜纶纤维进行表面改性。研究纤维改性前后润湿性能、界面剪切强度(IFSS)、断裂强度和摩擦性能的变化。用水滴吸收时间和单丝拔抽实验,分析改性前后PSA纤维表面润湿性能和界面剪切强度;并用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析纤维表面的形貌和化学元素变化。结果表明,经超声波改性后,PSA纤维的润湿性能大幅提高,水滴吸收时间从大于400s降至13s,且随处理时间增加润湿性能越好;PSA纤维与环氧树脂基体界面黏结性能大幅提高,较未经超声波处理纤维上升44%。同时,经超声波处理后,PSA纤维表面摩擦性能增强;表面氧、氮元素含量分别上升30.2%和18.3%,纤维表面极性基团增加。但是,处理时间过长会使纤维的断裂强度下降幅度加大,综合考虑实验的最佳处理时间为80min。     

Mg中间层对纳米钛表面TiO2薄膜微结构和动态凝血时间的影响

采用直流磁控溅射技术在纳米钛表面沉积Mg/TiO_2双层薄膜,研究了Mg中间层对纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜微结构、动态凝血时间和界面结合力的影响。结果表明,Mg中间层对纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜微结构、动态凝血时间和界面结合力有显著影响。预制Mg中间层后,纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜由金红石相(含少量锐钛矿)转变为MgTiO_3、Ti_2O_3和少量金红石相;纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜沿Mg膜晶界生长成微米级团簇,而团簇内部具有纳米畴特征;纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜的凝血时间由17 min提高到40 min;纳米钛表面TiO_2薄膜的界面结合力由17N提高到36 N。     

氩等离子体预处理对纳米结构银非织造布抗菌性能的影响

采用磁控溅射技术,在丙纶非织造布(PP)基材表面沉积厚度为0.5～3 nm的纳米结构银薄膜,重点研究了PP基材经氩等离子体预处理前后对纳米结构银薄膜抗菌性能的影响.采用振荡烧瓶法测试样品的抗菌性能,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察氩等离子处理前后PP基材表面的形态变化,同时应用EDX对纳米结构银薄膜进行元素分布及定量分析.实验结果表明:在纳米结构银薄膜厚度相同的条件下,经氩等离子预处理的丙纶非织造布具有更好的抗菌性能;AFM分析表明,经氩等离子处理后的纤维表面有明显的刻蚀痕迹,纤维表面凹凸不平,形成很多微小的空隙,溅射出的银粒子不易团聚,活性增加,抗菌性能因此提高;而EDX结果分析表明,抗菌性能提高是由于经氩等离子处理后,银离子溶出总量增加的缘故.     

单取向聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜及其同质复合薄膜的制备

通过静电纺丝的方法制备了单轴取向的聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米纤维膜,并且采用不同环化温度的纳米纤维膜与聚酰亚胺基体进行复合,制备了一种PI纳米纤维增强PI复合薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了纳米纤维的取向情况,以及纳米纤维膜与其基体的界面粘接情况;采用红外光谱对不同热处理温度PI纳米纤维膜的亚胺化程度进行了表征;并对复合薄膜的力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:通过提高滚筒转速可以得到高度取向结构的纳米纤维膜;纳米纤维膜的环化程度随热处理温度升高而提高;纳米纤维的亚胺化程度越低,其与基体之间的界面粘接性越好,复合薄膜的力学性能越佳。     

层间环氧纳米纤维薄膜对层合板力学性能的影响

应用静电纺丝技术制备环氧纳米纤维, 将收集的纳米纤维无纺布薄膜插入层合板的层间界面并固化成型, 研究其对层合板力学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和透射电子显微镜( TEM) 分析了纳米纤维的形貌和尺寸, 并测试了纳米纤维薄膜的拉伸性能; 应用三点弯曲和短梁剪切方法测试了层合板的力学性能。结果表明, 一定厚度的纳米纤维无纺布薄膜对层合板的力学性能无显著影响。因此, 应用该方法可以制备一种新型的功能复合材料。      

玻璃纤维表面纳米SiO_2改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响

为研究玻璃纤维(GF)表面纳米SiO2改性对GF增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,利用真空辅助模压(VAMP)工艺制备了不同含量的纳米SiO2表面改性GF增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。分析了GF表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了纤维表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料抗湿热老化性能的影响规律。纤维拔出试验结果表明:经表面处理的GF/PCBT复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了1.16倍;采用含量为0.5wt%和2wt%(与树脂质量比)的纳米SiO2处理GF表面后,复合材料的三点弯曲强度分别提高1.5倍和1.67倍,弯曲模量分别提高1.03倍和1.17倍。SEM结果显示:当纳米SiO2用量为2wt%时,破坏后的纤维表面被树脂完全覆盖,树脂与纤维粘结良好。在湿热条件下,由于纳米SiO2颗粒的存在,水分子很难通过界面相扩散到改性后的材料内部,其抗湿热性能提高。     

炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料的制备及其作为锂离子电池阳极材料的电化学性能(英文)

制备一种炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料,以改善作为锂离子电池阳极材料的天然石墨的倍率性能。通过优化控制天然石墨上炭纳米纤维的生长量及其形状提高了天然石墨的循环性能和倍率性能。与天然石墨原料相比,炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料第一次放电容量达到了95%。炭纳米纤维的生长量被严格地控制在天然石墨质量的15%以下。研究发现:由于炭纳米纤维对充放电过程中阳极的体积膨胀和收缩程度的控制作用,天然石墨表面边位上生长的类似常青藤形的炭纳米纤维对倍率性能的提高最为有效。提出采用炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料的原理结构模型解释重复充放电过程中电极的体积稳定性。通过在石墨表面上生长类常青藤形炭纳米纤维而使得SEI(固体电解质界面)变薄并减少了充放电过程中阳极的体积变化,因而提高了倍率性能。     

低温等离子体液相接枝处理电纺PET膜的制备与研究

采用氮气(N2)低温等离子体引发苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维薄膜表面接枝,液相低温等离子体处理接枝丙烯酸单体,通过电镜照片、水接触角测试、FTIR测试及力学测试,讨论了液相接枝处理后,薄膜的形态及性能的变化。实验中接枝处理的工艺条件是,丙烯酸接枝溶液体积浓度10%,接枝温度60℃,接枝时间2h。液相低温等离子体接枝处理后,薄膜的表面亲水性得到了有效的提高。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.