(Sr2+,Bi3+,Si4+,Ta5+)掺杂的TiO2压敏陶瓷中Ta5+的研究

研究Ta2 O5对 (Sr,Bi,Si,Ta)掺杂的TiO2 基压敏陶瓷压敏特性及电容特性的影响 ,发现按配方TiO2 0 .3%(SrCO3 Bi2 O3 SiO2 ) 0 .1 %Ta2 O5配制的样品具有最低压敏电压 (E1 0mA =1 .2V·mm- 1 )、最大相对介电常数 (εra=2 .0 0 2× 1 0 5)及较小非线性系数 (α =2 .6 )。考虑到材料的低压敏电压和大介电常数的要求 ,Ta2 O5最佳掺杂量在 0 .0 85mol%与 0 .1mol%之间。     

（Sr^2＋，Bia^3＋，Si^4＋，Ta^5＋）掺杂的TiO2压敏陶瓷中Ta^5＋的研究

研究Ta2O5对(Sr,Bi,Si,Ta)掺杂的TiO2基压敏陶瓷压敏特性及电容特性的影响,发现按配方TiO2+0.3%(SrCO3+Bi2O3+SiO2)+0.1%Ta2O5配制的样品具有最低压敏电压(E10mA=1.2V·mm-1)、最大相对介电常数(εra=2.002×105)及较小非线性系数(a=2.6).考虑到材料的低压敏电压和大介电常数的要求,Ta2 O5最佳掺杂量在0.085mol%与0.1mol%之间.     

La2O3掺杂BST/Mg2TiO4微波复合陶瓷的制备和性能

用固相烧结法制备掺杂La2O3的Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/Mg2TiO4微波复合陶瓷,研究了掺杂对其微观结构、微波(f=10 GHz)介电性能和调谐率的影响.结果表明:当掺杂La2O3量(质量分数)为1.2%时,La3+进入BST晶格,且抑制了BST/Mg2TiO4中Ti从+4向+3价转化;La2O3的掺入比较...     

铈掺杂Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3的改性研究

铈掺杂Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3陶瓷有着较高的介电常数和较低的压敏电压,但其烧结温度高,烧结成功率低,非线性系数小。用ZnO和过量TiO2加以改性,研究表明:适量TiO2起到了烧结助剂的作用,可将样品的烧结温度降低到1325℃,提高了样品烧结率,钛与锶的最佳物质的量比为5∶3;ZnO作为受主掺杂剂将样品的非线性系数提高到10以上,降低了介电损耗,其最佳的掺杂量为0.7%(摩尔分数)。最后用扫描电镜分析了掺杂ZnO样品的微观形貌。     

烧结温度对TiO2压敏陶瓷性能的影响

TiO2压敏陶瓷是一种新型的半导体双功能元件,具有压敏电压低、非线性系数大、介电常数高等许多突出的优点,广泛用于中低压领域中作为过电压保护和浪涌吸收元件.主要研究了烧结温度对TiO2压敏陶瓷电性能的影响.研究中发现,随着烧结温度的升高,TiO2压敏陶瓷有压敏电压降低、非线性系数升高的趋势.在1400℃烧结时显示出较低的压敏电压V1mA=5.12V·mm,较好的非线性系数a=5.2,和较高的介电常数εr=3.7×104.     

(1-x)(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3-xCa0.61La0.26TiO3系陶瓷的微波介电性能研究（英文）

本实验研究了(1-x)(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3-x(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3(MZT-CLT)系陶瓷的微观结构和微波介电性能,通过(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3来协调(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数.MZT-CLT陶瓷的主晶相为(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3,第二相为Ca0.61La0.26TiO3和(Mg0.7Zn0.3)Ti2O5.烧结温度和陶瓷组成对微波介电性能影响显著,当烧结温度为1275℃时,可以获得良好的致密度,当烧结温度超过1300℃时,Zn的蒸发导致陶瓷致密度和介电性能下降.随着(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3含量的增大,材料的介电常数增大,品质因数减小.当x=0.13,烧结温度为1275℃保温4h,(MZT-CLT)陶瓷具有优良微波介电性能,εr=26,Q.f=86000 GHz,τf=-6×10-6/℃.     

La2O3掺杂对BST/MgO复合陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了未掺杂和La2O3掺杂(0.5%、1%、2%(摩尔分数))的Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/MgO复合陶瓷材料,并研究了它们的显微结构和各种介电性能.研究结果表明,La2O3除一部分会进入BST晶格獭代Ba或Sr的位置外,还会有一部分与MgO等形成无定形态物质滞留在晶界,起到抑制BST晶粒生长的作用.BST/MgO复合陶瓷的居里温度随La2O3掺杂量的增大而降低,居里温度的降低导致了介电常数的减小.适量的La2O3掺杂提高了复合陶瓷的调谐性,而且La2O3掺杂明显降低了复合陶瓷的微波介电损耗.0.5%(摩尔分数)La2O3掺杂的BST/MgO复合陶瓷具有最佳的综合介电性能,其在10kHz下的调谐性为6.9%(2kV/mm),3.99GHz时的介电常数和介电损耗分别为87.5和3.35×10-3,基本可以满足铁电移相器的使用要求.     

烧结温度对TiO2压敏陶瓷非线性和介电性质的影响

基于一次烧结工艺,通过改变烧结温度,制备5种组分相同、(Sr,Bi,Si,Ta)掺杂的TiO2陶瓷试样.借助于伏安特性、介电频率特性、损耗频率特性及非线性系数的测定,研究烧结温度对TiO2基压敏陶瓷压敏和介电性质的影响.结果表明,在1200～1400℃范围内,随着烧结温度的降低,陶瓷的压敏电压降低、介电常数增大,同时非线性系数有所减小.兼顾陶瓷压敏和介电特性,烧结温度选择1350℃为宜.     

Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO_3陶瓷电畴的压电响应力显微研究

采用常规固相反应法制备了Ba1-xSrxTiO3(x=0.7,0.4,0.1)陶瓷,利用扫描力显微镜的压电响应模式得到了压电响应像,并观察到了外加直流电压时的电畴诱导和极化反转.在10V电压下(样品厚90μm,下同),室温时顺电体Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3中诱导出了铁电畴,而顺电体Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3中并未诱导出铁电畴.12V和-12V电压下,Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3中的电畴发生了明显的极化反转.对x=0.4、0.1的样品使用透射电子显微镜进行观察,发现室温下前者无电畴,进一步验证了压电响应图像的结果;后者有电畴,且为鱼刺状的畴结构.同时对顺电相Ba1-xSrxTiO3材料中非线性介电特性的起源进行了探讨。     

放电等离子烧结与传统烧结法制备（Ba，Sr）TiO3陶瓷的性能比较

研究分别采用了放电等离子烧结方法(Spark Plasma Sintering,SPS)和普通烧结方法,对(Ba,Sr)TiO3陶瓷进行不同温度下的烧结(1200～1300℃),进而研究了放电等离子烧结对(Ba,Sr)TiO3陶瓷性质的改良能力.实验表明,同温度下SPS法烧结的(Ba,Sr)TiO3陶瓷具有更大的相对介电常数,更低的电流损耗.同时,从SEM照片中观测到SPS烧结法可以较好的改进陶瓷的表面致密度.另外,1240℃下用SPS方法烧结的(Ba,Sr)TiO3陶瓷有着最优良的性质.     

Processing, Microstructures, and Properties of Cr-Cr3Si, Nb-Nb3Si, and V-V3Si Eutectics

The present paper examines the potential of refractory metal-A15 silicide composites as structural materials for high temperature applications. Three eutectic systems are considered, Cr-Cr₃Si, Nb-Nb₃Si, and V-V3Si, since they all have melting points above 1700°C and densities lower than Ni-based superalloys. Eutectic compositions were selected because directional solidification of eutectics can be used to generate aligned composite microstructures. The present paper describes processing, microstructures and properties of directional ly solidified Cr-Cr₃Si, Nb-Nb₃Si, and V-V₃Si. Based on microstructural and chemical analyses, some phase diagram modifications are suggested. The orientation relationships between the refractory metal and A15-silicide phases were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. In the Cr-Cr₃Si eutectic a strong orientation relationship was observed; there was excellent lattice matching of the (110) in Cr and (210) in Cr₃Si. Room temperature and elevated temperature microhard-ness and fracture toughness are also reported; these indicate good strength retention in Nb-Nb₃Si at elevated temperatures.     

Heat capacities and latent heats of LiNO3, NaNO3, and KNO3

Enthalpies of fusion and transition together with heat capacities in both solid and liquid phases have been measured on LiNO₃, NaNO₃, and KNO₃ with a high accuracy by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Polynomial expressions of heat capacities are given.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的合成

以硝基甲烷为原料合成了1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷,总收率为37.8%。采用1HNMR﹑IR和MS对目标产物及中间体的结构进行了表征。在三羟甲基硝基甲烷的合成中,结合反应机理确定了氢氧化钙的用量为:n(CH3NO2)n(Ca(OH)2)=1001;通过对催化剂浓硫酸﹑三氟化硼—乙醚络合物和对甲苯磺酸的比较,得出对甲苯磺酸为中间体2,2-二甲基-5-羟甲基-5-硝基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷合成的较优催化剂;分别采用2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯和2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四对甲苯磺酸酯与NaN3反应,发现磺酸酯基易离去,叠氮化反应更易进行,收率较高;叠氮化反应的较优溶剂为DMSO。DSC分析表明,1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的分解峰温为223.46℃。     

Thermodynamic properties of seven gaseous halogenated hydrocarbons from acoustic measurements: CHClFCF3, CHF2 CF3, CF3 CH3, CHF2CH3, CF3CHFCHF2, CF3CH2CF3, and CHF2CF2CH2F

Measurements of the speed of sound in seven halogenated hydrocarbons are presented. The compounds in this study are 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHClFCF₃ or HCFC-124), pentafluoroethane (CHF₂ CF₃ or HFC-125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CF₃CH₃ or HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (CHF₂CH₃ or HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF₃CHFCHF₂ or HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF₃CH₂CF₃ or HFC-236fa), and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CHF₂CF₂CH₂F or HFC-245ca). The measurements were performed with a cylindrical resonator at temperatures between 240 and 400 K and at pressures up to 1.0 MPa. Ideal-gas heat capacities and acoustic virial coefficients were directly deduced from the data. The ideal-gas heat capacity of HFC-125 from this work differs from spectroscopic calculations by less than 0.2% over the measurement range. The coefficients for virial equations of state were obtained from the acoustic data and hard-core square-well intermolecular potentials. Gas densities that were calculated from the virial equations of state for HCFC-124 and HFC-125 differ from independent density measurements by at most 0.15%, for the ranges of temperature and pressure over which both acoustic and Burnett data exist. The uncertainties in the derived properties for the other five compounds are comparable to those for HCFC-124 and HFC-125.     

The specific heats of GdCl3, GdBr3, and GdI3 at low temperatures

The specific heats of GdCl₃, GdBr₃, and GdI₃ were measured in the temperature ranges from 1.3° to 4.4° K, from 1.3° to 5.7° K, and from 1.5° to 5.7° K, respectively. Each of these salts was found to have a magnetic transition at low temperatures.     

Calorimetric and vibrational studies of LiHg3, CdHg3, and Hg

Measurements of the specific heat of the amalgam LiHg ₃ are reported between approximately 7 and 300 K, and of CdHg ₃ between approximately 10 and 300 K. The results are believed to be correct within uncertainty limits of ±3% at 300 K, rising to approximately ±12% at the lowest temperatures. Before seeking the influence of the addition of lithium and cadmium atoms to an assembly of mercury atoms, the quasiharmonic approximation has been applied to earlier experimental thermodynamic data to calculate the maximum frequencies v _D (n) of the Debye distributions having the samenth moments as the crystalline mercury lattice for – 3 n 6. This was followed by assessments of high-temperature limiting values of the Debye characteristic temperatures, which were subsequently used to express results at finite temperatures in reduced form for comparative purposes. From a survey of these and structural data it is concluded that: (i) vibrations parallel to the unique axis of each structure are probably more important than those at right angles in determining the cohesive forces; (ii) increasing the mean mass of the constituent atoms of the lattice results in an overall reduction of the vibrational frequencies; (iii) such an increase of mass is also accompanied by a reduction of the temperature at which explicitly temperature-dependent anharmonic effects assume significant proportions; and (iv) the temperature dependences of these effects resemble one another in the three lattices.     

Elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric characterization of modified BiScO3-PbTiO3 ceramics

The perovskite solid solution system (1-x)BiScO3-(x)PbTiO3 represents an interesting new family of high-temperature piezoelectric materials. Compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (x approximately 0.64) have been reported to have high Curie temperatures (Tc > 450 degrees C) and good piezoelectric coefficients (d33 approximately 460 pC/N). In this work, manganese additions were used to improve the high-temperature electrical resistivity and RC time constant of compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary. The addition of manganese was found to shift Tc to slightly lower temperatures (442 degrees C and 456 degrees C for x = 0.64 and x = 0.66, respectively). The piezoelectric activities of the modified materials were found to be reduced slightly due to the hardening effect of manganese; however, the temperature stability and resistivity of the modified materials were significantly enhanced. In this paper we present, for the first time, a complete set of materials constants, including the elastic (sij, cij), piezoelectric (dij, eij, gij, hij), dielectric (epsilonij, betaij), and electromechanical (kij) coefficients and compare them to both unmodified 0.36BiScO3-0.64PbTiO3 and PZT5A ceramics.     

二甲基二酚羟基有机烷氧基硅烷的合成研究

以二甲基二乙氧基硅烷和间苯二酚为原料,在Na的催化作用下通过酯交换反应制得二甲基二酚羟基有机硅烷中间体,研究了反应温度、反应时间以及催化剂用量对产物性能及收率的影响;并用IR、VPO、LU/MS对其进行了表征。