激光熔覆Fe基TiB2+TiC金属陶瓷层的组织及摩擦磨损性能

目前,对激光熔覆原位自生金属陶瓷层增强相的形成机制及磨损机理的研究尚不系统。自配合金粉末,采用激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了原位自生的TiB2+TiC/Fe金属陶瓷层。对熔覆层进行了XRD分析、显微组织观察及室温干滑动摩擦磨损试验。结果表明:Fe基TiB2+TiC金属陶瓷增强熔覆层组织细小、致密,高硬度的亚微米TiB2和TiC金属陶瓷颗粒均匀弥散分布在α-Fe等轴枝晶基体上,熔覆层与基体冶金结合优良;室温下熔覆层的磨损主要为显微切削和滑擦,耐摩擦磨损性能优良。     

AA6063铝合金表面激光熔覆TiC/Al3Ti复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

为了提高AA6063铝合金的性能,采用激光熔覆技术在AA6063铝合金表面制备了TiC增强Al3Ti复合涂层,研究了激光熔覆层的成分、显微形貌和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:激光熔覆层由树枝晶Al3Ti、枝晶间α-Al和均匀分布的TiC颗粒组成,涂层和基材为良好的冶金结合;与基材相比,激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,且随着TiC含量的增加,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能提高.     

激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

采用预置粉末法在45钢表面进行激光熔覆镍基Ni60A+x%(SiC+Ti)(质量分数,下同)复合粉末涂层的实验研究。使用往复式磨损试验机对不同涂层材料的熔覆层进行干摩擦磨损实验,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)观察和分析熔覆层的显微组织与磨损形貌。结果表明:复合粉末通过原位反应生成弥散分布的TiC颗粒增强复合涂层,随着(SiC+Ti)含量的增加,颗粒状TiC的尺寸和数目逐渐增加;复合粉(SiC+Ti)含量达到60%时,微观组织有气孔和夹杂缺陷;复合粉(SiC+Ti)含量为48%时,熔覆层耐磨性最佳;复合涂层的磨损主要为磨粒磨损,机理为微观切削和挤压剥落。     

感应熔覆原位自生TiC增强钛基复合涂层的纳米力学性能EI北大核心

为揭示感应熔覆原位TiC/Ti复合涂层微观结构与力学性能的对应关系,利用单一纳米压痕测试方法研究涂层内不同相结构的纳米力学性能变化规律,利用点阵压痕测试方法研究涂层微区结构的力学性能。单一压痕结果显示原位TiC增强相的纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量分别为21.3 GPa和275 GPa,富α-Ti与富β-Ti区域的基质相平均纳米硬度分别为4 GPa和6 GPa,平均弹性模量分别为130 GPa和155 GPa。点阵压痕与单一压痕测试结果之间具有较好的对应关系,对点阵纳米压痕测试结果进行三峰高斯拟合得到的最小峰值代表了涂层基质相的力学性能,中间峰值反映涂层的综合力学性能,最大峰值因受增强体尺寸与压痕位置的影响低于原位TiC增强体的真实力学性能。在考虑涂层微观结构与增强体尺寸的情况下,通过合理设置点阵压痕测试条件,选择适当的测试区域,可以在获得原位钛基复合涂层不同相结构真实力学性能的同时,揭示涂层的综合性能。     

感应熔覆原位自生TiC增强钛基复合涂层的纳米力学性能

为揭示感应熔覆原位TiC/Ti复合涂层微观结构与力学性能的对应关系，利用单一纳米压痕测试方法研究涂层内不同相结构的纳米力学性能变化规律，利用点阵压痕测试方法研究涂层微区结构的力学性能。单一压痕结果显示原位TiC增强相的纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量分别为21.3 GPa和275 GPa,富α-Ti与富β-Ti区域的基质相平均纳米硬度分别为4 GPa和6 GPa,平均弹性模量分别为130 GPa和155 GPa。点阵压痕与单一压痕测试结果之间具有较好的对应关系，对点阵纳米压痕测试结果进行三峰高斯拟合得到的最小峰值代表了涂层基质相的力学性能，中间峰值反映涂层的综合力学性能，最大峰值因受增强体尺寸与压痕位置的影响低于原位TiC增强体的真实力学性能。在考虑涂层微观结构与增强体尺寸的情况下，通过合理设置点阵压痕测试条件，选择适当的测试区域，可以在获得原位钛基复合涂层不同相结构真实力学性能的同时，揭示涂层的综合性能。     

感应熔覆原位自生TiC/Ni基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

为了提高16Mn钢的干滑动磨损耐磨性能,以Ni60、钛粉和石墨粉为原料对16Mn钢表面进行感应熔敷处理,制备出以TiC颗粒为增强相的原位自生复合涂层,利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:涂层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于共晶基体上,整个涂层组织均匀、无气孔、无裂纹;涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层具有很高的硬度,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性能.     

激光熔覆制备原位自生TiC增强Ni3（Si,Ti）复合涂层研究

运用激光熔覆技术修复受损的烟汽轮机叶片,在GH864镍基合金表面制备原位自生TiC颗粒增强Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计研究了(Ti+C)的加入量对熔覆层组织及硬度的影响.研究表明:在优化的工艺参数下可获得宏观质量完好,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,且与基体呈冶金结合的激光熔覆层,熔覆层由Ni(Si)、Ni3(Si,Ti)和TiC组成;当合金粉末中(Ti+C)的加入量为20%时熔覆层的硬度最高可达780Hv,是基体材料的2.4倍.     

大面积激光熔覆制备原位自生TiB2 -Ni金属陶瓷复合涂层的研究

利用多道搭接激光熔覆技术,在45钢表面制备出原位自生TiB2颗粒增强Ni基金属陶瓷复合涂层,可以实现金属基体的高韧性与陶瓷材料优异性能的良好结合,改善材料表面性能.采用XRD,SEM对涂层的组织结构进行了研究.结果表明:多道搭接涂层主要由γ -(Ni, Fe)粘接金属基体和以TiB2为主的原位析出硬质颗粒组成.B, Ti, Ni, Fe元素在涂层中基本呈均匀分布,涂层最表面Ti稍有富集.涂层组织是由γ -(Ni, Fe)先共晶奥氏体枝晶及晶间TiB2/γ -(Ni, Fe)共晶组成.熔覆搭接区以马氏体相变方式冶金结合.熔覆层与基体及各道熔覆层之间界面结合良好.     

Ti811合金表面激光熔覆Ti2Ni+TiC+Al2O3+CrxSy复合涂层的组织和性能

以TC4+Ni45+Al₂O₃+MoS₂+Y₂O₃混合粉末为熔覆材料,采用同轴送粉技术在Ti811合金表面进行激光熔覆制备复合涂层,使用SEM、EDS和XRD等手段分析了涂层的微观组织,测试了涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在激光熔覆过程中Ti811合金中的Ni和C分别与Ti发生反应,原位生成金属间化合物Ti₂Ni和硬质增强相TiC;MoS₂分解后S与Cr发生硫化反应生成了软质润滑相Cr_xS_y。网状形态的Ti₂Ni、近球状和枝晶形态的TiC以及点状的Al₂O₃,均匀分布在熔覆层中。硬质相强化和软质相润滑的共同作用,使激光熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度和较优良的耐磨性能。激光功率为900 W的熔覆层其平均显微硬度值达1303.5HV_0.5,其耐磨性能最佳。     

铁基复合材料涂层的原位反应合成

本文利用熔铸法研究了铁基复合材料的反应合成工艺和显微组织.结果表明:用液相原位反应合成法制备TiC/Fe基复合材料涂层是可行的;反应合成的TiC颗粒增强的Fe基复合材料涂层与基体没有明显的界面,涂层与基体结合状态良好;保温时间是影响TiC颗粒的大小、数量、及涂层厚度的重要因素之一.基体合金中含Ti为4%的样品保温2分钟后涂层厚度约为250μm,而保温7分钟后涂层厚度约为400μm,运用动力学计算对涂层厚度进行了理论计算,计算结果与实验结果的变化规律相似.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.