近紫外白光LED用红色荧光粉In2（MoO4）3:Eu3+,Bi3+的合成及发光性能

通过固相反应法在1000℃空气气氛中合成了In2(MoO4)3:Eu3+、Bi 3+红色荧光粉。粉体分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光分度计测试。结果表明制备的荧光粉具有单相立方晶体结构,该荧光粉能够被近紫外光(395nm)有效激发,发射高强度的612nm红光。Eu3+浓度为40%(摩尔分数)时,In2(MoO4)3:Eu3+发光强度较高。In2(MoO4)3:0.4Eu3+、Bi 3+荧光粉,Bi 3+浓度为3%(摩尔分数)时,发光强度最大,高于没有掺Bi 3+的In2(MoO4)3:0.4Eu3+荧光粉。和CaMoO4:Eu3+相比,In2(MoO4)3:0.4Eu3+、0.03Bi 3+有较高的发光强度。因此,In2(MoO4)3:0.4Eu3+、0.03Bi 3+是一种可能应用于近紫外白光LED的新型红色荧光粉。     

PEG对Ca0.68Mg0.2SiO3:0.12Eu3+红色荧光粉形貌及发光性能影响的研究

采用化学共沉淀法一次煅烧制备红色荧光粉Ca0.68Mg0.2SiO3∶0.12Eu3+的基质材料,借鉴表面扩散原理对红粉进行铕元素掺杂。用X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计和扫描电子显微镜对试样的晶体结构,发光性能及表面形貌进行了表征,进而研究了PEG的添加量对粉体形貌及发光性能的影响。结果表明:制得的基质粉末为CaSiO3,并含有少量的CaMg(SiO3)2,PEG的添加对样品结构有一定影响。与此同时可有效提高粉体的分散度和分布均匀性,改善粒子的形貌,荧光粉的发光强度随PEG的添加量增加出现了先增加后减小的趋势,这是因为PEG的量过多,影响了Eu3+及Mg2+取代Ca1、Ca2、Ca3格位,尽管晶体结构趋于完整,也不利于样品的发光。PEG的最佳添加量为样品质量的1%,此时粉体粒子直径约1.3~1.5μm,为类球状,PEG的添加大大提高了荧光粉的发光强度。     

Mg2+或Zn2+掺杂的Ca(WO4)1-x (MoO4)x∶ Eu3+ 荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

以三氧化钨(WO_3)、三氧化钼(MoO_3)、碳酸钙(CaCO_3)和三氧化二铕(Eu2O_3)为原料,通过高温固相法制备了Eu3+激活的钨钼酸钙Ca(WO4)1-x(MoO4)x∶Eu3+红色荧光粉,探究固溶成分变化对材料发光特性的影响。在Eu3+和Li+摩尔分数均为10%条件下,钨酸根离子(WO24-)被不同摩尔分数的钼酸根离子(MoO24-)替换,Ca2+被不同摩尔分数的Mg2+和Zn2+替换。通过X射线衍射仪对样品进行结构分析,通过激发光谱和发射光谱对所制样品的发光性能进行研究。结果表明:当焙烧温度为800℃,(MoO4)2-摩尔分数为25%,Li+和Eu3+摩尔分数均为10%,Mg2+摩尔分数为1%时,荧光粉的发光强度最好,其激发峰位于～352nm处,发射峰在～612nm处; Zn2+摩尔分数为3%时,荧光粉发光强度最好,其激发峰位于～294nm处,发射峰在～612nm处。     

低温共沉淀法合成红色荧光粉CaCO3:Eu3+

采用低温共沉淀法直接合成红色荧光粉CaCO3:Eu3+,利用X射线衍射(XRD),电子扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱(PL-PLE)等仪器对样品的结构、形貌和发光性质进行表征.同时,研究了反应温度和Eu3+离子掺杂量对样品性能的影响.结果表明:通过改变工艺条件可以合成球形、立方体和针状等不同形貌的样品.Eu3+作为发光中心进入到文石型或方解石型CaCO3的晶格中,其最佳掺杂量1.0%(摩尔分数).激发峰主要由电荷迁移态和Eu3+离子的特征激发跃迁组成.发射峰以电偶极跃迁5D0→7F2为主,Eu3+离子未处于严格对称的格位.样品的形貌,结晶度和物相均对发光强度有较大的影响,光滑的针状的文石型样品的发光强度最高.反应温度不同,样品的发光强度不同,其最佳的反应温度为60℃.     

Zn2+含量对Ca0.925-xZnxMoO4∶Eu3+0.075红色荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ca0.925-xZnxMoO4∶Eu3+0.075红色荧光粉,并对粉体的物相结构、发光性能、粒径方面进行研究.实验得出,适量的Zn2+取代Ca2+没有改变Ca0.925MoO4∶Eu3+0.075的晶体结构,而且明显提高了Ca0.925-MoO4∶Eu3+0.075的发光强度.同时,掺杂Zn2+可以使红色荧光粉Ca0.925-xZnxMoO4∶Eu3+0.075的电荷吸收带发生红移,Zn2+的最佳掺杂量为7％(原子分数).对Ca0.925MoO4∶Eu3+0.075和Ca0.855Zn0.07MoO4∶Eu3+0.075进行对比研究,得出Ca0.855 Zn0.07MoO4∶Eu3+0.075的粒径稍大,但是其发光性能优于Ca0.925MoO4∶Eu3+0.075.     

共沉淀法合成NaLa(MoO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉及其发光性能的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了微米花状,四方晶系的NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+红色荧光粉。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱等分析手段对样品的结构、形貌以及发光性能进行了表征。研究了结构控制剂种类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加量、Eu3+掺杂浓度、反应物浓度等系列对合成NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+发光材料发光性能的影响。结果表明:所合成的微米花状NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+红色荧光粉为四方晶系,在464nm紫外激发下,观察到其发射主峰位置在615nm。当反应条件分别为PVP=0.75g、Eu3+掺杂浓度10%、反应物浓度为0.12mol/L时样品具有最强的发光强度。在紫外灯照射下,样品呈现出明亮的红色。     

Ce3+、Mn2+掺杂Zn3（BO3）2的制备及其发光性能

采用共沉淀法在700℃和较短的烧结时间下制备了Zn3(BO3)2和不同浓度的Ce3+、Mn2+离子掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2纳米晶粉末,对合成产物的发光性质及发光机理进行了研究。利用荧光分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪以及透射电镜对其光学性能和纳米晶形貌进行了表征。结果表明Ce3+离子掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2样品在340～400nm之间有强的荧光发射,其最高发射峰峰位为365nm,在Ce3+掺量为0.5%(摩尔分数,下同)时发光强度达到最高值。Ce3+取代Zn2+离子作为发光中心,Mn2+离子作为激活剂加入,并不影响荧光发射峰的位置,但能够有效增强其发光强度。当Mn2+离子掺量为0.7%(摩尔分数)时,Ce3+、Mn2+共掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2纳米晶发光强度达到最高值。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂Sr_3La_2(BO_3)_4荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

以高温固相法制备铕离子(Eu~(3+))掺杂硼酸盐红色荧光粉Sr_3La_2(BO_3)_4∶Eu~(3+),用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了荧光粉的结构和表面形貌,测定了其在近紫外光激发下的发光特征。研究结果表明,焙烧温度为1000℃,保温时间为5h,Eu3+摩尔掺杂分数为7.5%时,荧光粉具有较强的发光强度;以394nm的紫外光激发,荧光粉最强发射为波长618nm的红光,为Eu~(3+)的5 D0→7F2的电偶极跃迁,计算其色坐标为x=0.65,y=0.35。     

喷雾热解法制备球形SrMoO4∶Eu3+荧光粉及发光性能

采用喷雾热解法制备了球形SrMoO4∶Eu3+荧光粉。研究了温度对SrMoO4∶Eu3+荧光粉体的晶相结构、显微形貌及发光性能的影响。结果表明,不同温度下得到的粉体都具有纯的SrMoO4晶相;300℃下喷雾制得的钼酸锶粉体颗粒部分具有空心球形结构,在400、500和600℃下喷雾制得的钼酸锶粉体颗粒呈现实心球形结构;温度为500℃时所得样品发光强度最强。     

红色发光粉Li_2MSiO_4∶Eu~(3+)(M=Ba,Sr)的合成与光谱性能

采用凝胶-燃烧法制备Li2MSiO4∶Eu3+(M=Ba,Sr)红色荧光粉。该荧光粉为六方晶系结构。以395nm的近紫外光激发样品,Li2MSiO4∶Eu3+荧光粉发红光。当Eu3+掺杂摩尔分数x在0.05~0.4的范围内时,随Eu3+浓度的增加,发光强度增加,当x=0.3时达到最大值,x继续增加时,出现浓度猝灭现象。Li2Ba0.7SiO4∶0.3Eu3+比Li2Sr0.7SiO4∶0.3Eu3+发光亮度提高20%。该荧光粉能够有效吸收395nm附近的近紫外光,适合做350~410nm InGaN管芯激发的白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

A green hydrothermal route to GaOOH nanorods

GaOOH nanorods were synthesized by a green hydrothermal method at 200 °C using nanocrystalline Ga₂O₃ powders and distilled water as the starting materials, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis.     

Soft-template mediated synthesis of GaOOH nanorod-shelled microspheres and thermal conversion to beta-Ga2O3

Micrometer-scale hollow spheres self-assembled by GaOOH nanorods were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using gallium nitrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. The structures and morphologies of the products were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Time-dependent experiments revealed three stages involved in the process of reaction including the initial stage of formation of surfactant vesicles which can be considered as soft templates, followed by the nucleation of GaOOH nanoclusters, and the assembling and growth of nanorods under the modulation of the spherical vesicles. The growth kinetics of the GaOOH nanorods was systematically investigated. Based on the experimental observation, a template-mediated assembling mechanism was proposed. We further demonstrated that the GaOOH nanorods could be converted to gallium oxide (beta-Ga2O3) nanorods by calcination without changing the spherical morphology of the assemblies.     

A simple hydrothermal route to GaOOH intersecting-rods with regular diamond-like cross section

GaOOH crystals were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at 90-200 °C for 18 h. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The rods synthesized at 110-150 °C exhibited intersecting morphology and regular diamond-like cross section with a diagonal length ratio of 2:1, and those synthesized at 180-200 °C exhibited nunchakus-like architecture. The formation of diamond-like cross section was due to homogeneous growth of lattice planes, namely {1 1 0}, along [4 1 0], [4 1¯ 0], [4¯ 1 0], and [4¯ 1¯ 0] directions of orthorhombic GaOOH. Moreover, the formation of the trunk was due to the growth along [0 0 1] direction.     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates

We have synthesized a variety of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatometallates (titanates, zirconates, and hafnates). The alkali fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates have been shown to exhibit efficient roentgenoluminescence (RL) in the UV through visible spectral region, with a maximum at 390–440 nm. Their RL spectra depend significantly on their composition (cation, anion, and water content), coordination of KF and K₂SO₄, and relative amounts of fluorine and SO₄ groups. We have examined the effect of heat treatment on the RL of these compounds. The rubidium and cesium fluorosulfatozirconates Rb₃Zr₂F₉SO₄ · 2H₂O, Cs₂ZrF₂(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O, Cs₈Zr₄F₂(SO₄)₁₁ · 16H₂O, and Cs₂ZrF₄SO₄ offer the most efficient RL.     

Heat and Mass Transfer and Modeling and Prediction of Environmental Catastrophes

Basic definitions and concepts of the physicomathematical theory of natural catastrophes are given. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of natural and technogenic catastrophes are discussed in the context of the theory of heat and mass transfer and the mechanics of reacting media. The importance of taking into account conjugate heat and mass exchange in modeling catastrophes is emphasized. A formula for evaluating the probability of a collisional catastrophe is given.     

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.