高强度Zr基大块非晶合金的研究进展

Zr基大块非晶合金具有极大的非晶形成能力,能在较低的冷却速率(＜103K/s)下用铜模铸造法制备.Zr基大块非晶合金的强度高达1.8GPa,具有高耐腐蚀性和优异的加工成形性能,在实际工程中有着广阔的应用前景.综述了Zr基大块非晶合金的制备方法、性能特点及主要应用,介绍了国内外在该领域的主要研究进展和研究动态.     

大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的研究进展

综述了大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的工艺、成形性能评价及有限元技术应用方面的研究进展.指出应用大块非晶合金在过冷液相区粘性流变特性的微塑性成形技术及分析和优化成形工艺的有限元技术发展迅速.展望了过冷液相区微塑性成形技术的进一步研究对大块非晶合金在MEMS典型精细零件加工方面应用的巨大推动作用.     

非晶合金精细零部件的超塑性成形技术

对各种精细零部件成形方法进行了比较，介绍了典型大块非晶合金的特性，尤其是大块非晶合金在过冷温度域的超塑性成形性能，概述了目前国外已开发的非晶合金精细零部件超塑性成形技术及其在典型精细零部件成形方面的应用。     

大块非晶合金的研究进展

概述了大块非晶态材料的发展历史及该领域的最新研究进展,并从成分结构条件、热力学条件、动力学条件等方面阐述了大块非晶合金的形成机制.介绍了大块非晶合金的制备方法,并比较了其产业化的可行性.同时综述了大块非晶合金优异的性能和应用前景.     

压力及制备条件对大块非晶合金结构的影响

大块非晶合金又称大块金属玻璃,是一种具有特殊结构与性能的新型金属材料.本文利用同步辐射XRD技术研究了常压和11.6GPa压力下Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5大块非晶合金结构以及0～50GPa压力范围内Fe60Co10Zr8Mo5Nb2B15大块非晶形成合金结构特征的演变.另外,利用同步辐射XRD研究了冲击波处理和水淬条件下制备的Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5大块非晶合金微观原子构型的差异.研究表明,压力与制备条件对大块非晶合金的结构均有一定影响,本研究对深入了解大块非晶合金结构本质及进一步开发该类材料具有重要理论和现实意义.     

大块非晶合金制备新技术--非晶粉末固结成形法

大块非晶材料是一种高性能的结构材料，并具有优异的软磁性能，综述了大块非晶材料的发展过程及应用现状，对快速凝固粉末冶金技术（RS/RM）在大块非晶材料制备方面的重要作用进行了评述。     

大块非晶合金的玻璃形成能力

对描述大块非晶合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)的各种判据△T*、Kg1、S、△Tx、Trg、FBMG,以及用理论公式、TTT曲线法、CCT曲线法计算的形成大块非晶所需的临界冷速Rc进行了分析和讨论.结果表明,这些大块非晶合金的GFA判据在一定程度上可以反映大块非晶合金的某些性质,但单一的判据不能直观地表征大块非晶合金的GFA大小,根据TTT曲线及CCT曲线得到的临界冷速Rc及所能制备的大块非晶合金的最大尺寸tmax是表征大块非晶玻璃形成能力的基本参量.     

大块金属玻璃及其复合材料的粉末冶金成形研究进展

简要介绍了大块金属玻璃及其复合材料的研究现状及其应用领域.针对大块金属玻璃塑性低的不足,回顾了提高其塑性的原理和方法;通过对比铸造法,提出了粉末冶金法制备大块金属玻璃及其复合材料的成形原理和方法,进而详细介绍了电火花烧结、挤压、热压、扭转等方法制备大块金属玻璃及其复合材料的研究进展.最后,指出制备具有延性析出相的大块金属玻璃基复合材料将可能是未来粉末冶金法的研究趋势之一.     

大块非晶合金的性能、制备及应用

综述了大块非晶合金的性能、制备方法及应用，对比了吸铸法制备的棒状Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5,Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5,Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10(原子分数)大块非晶样品的过冷温度区间宽度(△Tx)，给出了3种大块非晶合金系列的热稳定性参数Tg、Tx及△Tx，提出了大块非晶合金领域存在的问题及发展方向．     

非晶合金零件成形技术研究进展

非晶合金作为一种结构不同于传统晶体金属、性能优异的新型材料一直是凝聚态物理学家和材料学家关注的热门领域。近几十年来,非晶合金的基础理论研究和制备工艺都取得了巨大进步,非晶合金作为一种极具应用前景的结构材料和功能材料,正在逐渐由实验室走向商业应用,推动科技发展。一种新材料想要最终走向商业应用,必须要有与之相适应的高生产率、低成本的零件成形技术。但是非晶合金的制备需要较快的冷却速率、高真空、高纯原料等苛刻条件,成本相对较高。同时非晶合金在室温下强度高、脆性大的特性使其难以机加工,热塑性成形时又极易发生晶化,难以成形大尺寸、复杂形状的零件,这严重限制了它的广泛应用。针对非晶合金的特点开发相应的零件成形技术成为学者们研究的重要课题。随着非晶成形能力较强的合金体系的出现,相应的非晶零件成形技术也得到了极大的发展。目前非晶合金的零件成形技术主要包括铸造成形、热塑性成形、焊接、粉末烧结、增材制造技术等,成形零件的尺寸极限跨及纳米至厘米尺度,复杂程度、制备和成形效率都得到大幅提升。但是每种成形技术都在成形效率、尺寸、性能、成本等方面有些许局限性,难以完全实现非晶合金零件的工业化生产和应用。本文简要综述了目前非晶合金铸造成形、热塑性成形、焊接、粉末烧结、增材制造技术的最新研究进展,分析了现有成形技术的优缺点及非晶合金成形的难点,最后指出外加能场复合、多种工艺复合的复合制造方式将是非晶合金零件成形技术未来发展的重要方向。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.