中国生态原产地产品标准体系构建的研究

为探索构建中国生态原产地产品标准体系的方法,根据我国生态原产地产品与国际上生态标签的差异,提出了我国生态原产地产品标准化组织架构和标准体系架构,建议组织架构中设置标准化技术委员会、分技术委员会和工作组,均由相关部门的技术专家组成;在标准体系架构中设置顶层基础性标准、中层通用性标准和基层产品标准,阐述了制定各层级标准的必要性和内容构成,明确了各层级标准制定的主体。发现中国生态原产地产品标准体系与中国定义的生态原产地产品及其保护实践相适应。认为中国生态原产地产品标准体系中的生态要求内容符合国际标准规定的基本原则和程序要求,而其原产地特征和特性、行政保护的性质则是显著的中国特色。     

生态原产地产品评价技术规范体系的浅析构建

通过分析生态原产地保护产品工作关注企业建设、生产等全过程的合法、合规性,关注产品的全生命周期,关注企业的自检自控体系建设,帮促产品品牌建设转型,提升市场竞争力等工作目标,提出建立每类产品的评价技术规范、动态树立"标杆生态原产地产品"品牌、动态调整生态原产地产品的评价标准并最终构建生态原产地产品评价技术规范体系的论点,并进而分析建设生态原产地产品评价技术规范体系建设对于带动政府与企业对生态建设的投入、加强社会公信力建设、带动消费市场的生态意识,促进生态文化建设等方面的意义与作用。     

浅析生态设计及生态产品

大力倡导生态设计,设计出能够满足人类愿望的生态产品是生态理念的具体实践,也是有效改善生态环境,促进可持续发展的重要手段。文章首先分析了生态理念、生态设计与生态产品的内涵,然后介绍了现代生态产品设计观念的发展,重点针对生态产品的设计手段与方法进行了详细解分析。     

提高我国纺织品生态质量水平促进外向型经济持续发展

生态纺织产品既代表了当今时代全球消费和生产的新潮流,又成为发达国家利用绿色壁垒限制进口的重要手段。随着我国加入WTO,绿色壁垒在纺织产品贸易中的地位更为突出。我国是纺织品生产大国,因此,加速生态纺织产品标准的研究,针对国际纺织贸易出现的新形势、新情况,尽快制定有效的应对措施,是冲破国外技术壁垒,促进对外贸易发展的一个十分紧迫的问题。在当前国际贸易竞争十分激烈的形势下,要使我国的纺织产品对外贸易有新的发展,必须对国际贸易中出现的新情况、国外对新兴贸易设限的有关法律法规、世界各国安全保护法规、生态标准、标签法…     

加快生态包装在现代生活中的运用

当今,环境的持续恶化已经成为人类共同面临的问题,以保护生态资源、保护人类健康为目标的生态化设计浪潮正在全球兴起。在这样的背景下,生态化包装产品的开发与设计正成为全球设计师所关注的焦点之一。生态包装随之也成为商品包装发展的必然趋势。本文通过对生态包装的研究,探索如何加快生态包装在现代生活中的运用。     

宜家产品生态设计带来的包装生态效应

探讨了宜家产品的生态设计对包装的影响,以及它们的产品设计与包装设计之间的密切关系,并重点分析它们产品的生态设计带来的包装生态效应.     

产品生态设计的关键技术及方法

欧盟的EuP指令提高了机电产品的准入门槛,在欧盟范围内建立起了新的贸易壁垒,而EuP指令的核心要求就是产品生态设计。产品生态设计的关键技术包括生命周期评价、原材料选用技术、结构设计技术、生产工艺设计、绿色包装设计及绿色成本分析等。我国机电产品生产企业可通过产品结构设计、产品生态辨识、产品生态诊断、产品生态指标确定、产品生态评价等方法,达到产品生态设计的核心要求。     

可持续设计中的生态时尚

生态时尚是由可持续的面料和做法生产出的精巧高端服装产品,生产的过程中无农药的使用,无不公平的劳动待遇。可持续设计和生态时尚是一个有效的社会和防止环境破坏的手段。生态时尚的趋势是关于高度的时尚敏锐度和对地球负责任的环保意识。本文介绍了目前生态时尚的一些应用方法,部分品牌和设计师的生态时尚产品。     

生态包装的生态设计原则及方法

以欧盟新绿色壁垒EUP 要求进口的用能产品(含包装)须进行生态设计并获得更高的环保指标为启示,分析了生态包装的特点、定义,论述了生态包装的结构设计原则,在此基础上,提出了由产品生态辨识、产品生态诊断、制定产品生态指标、产品生态评价等4 个步骤组成的生态设计方法。     

江苏省高等学校大学生实践创新训练计划项目"生态包装在现代生活中运用的研究论文"加快生态包装在现代生活中的运用

当今,环境的持续恶化已经成为人类共同面临的问题,以保护生态资源、保护人类健康为目标的生态化设计浪潮正在全球兴起.在这样的背景下,生态化包装产品的开发与设计正成为全球设计师所关注的焦点之一.生态包装随之也成为商品包装发展的必然趋势.本文通过对生态包装的研究,探索如何加快生态包装在现代生活中的运用.     

IC供应链的理论模型及其竞争优势分析的研究

企业竞争和经营环境的变化,促使竞争模式转移到基于时间的竞争。应用现代先进的企业管理思想——“零时间”,本文提出了即时顾客化定制供应链的概念与其拓扑结构。应用系统工程理论和方法,建立了其理论模型。接着分析了其特征,以及把它与传统供应链、敏捷供应链做了比较分析。最后,分析了其竞争优势,并提出了组成其竞争优势的方法。     

Alternative Paths to Competitive Advantage: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis of the Origins of Large Firms

Scholars have documented the importance of national-level factors for the competitive success of firms on a global scale. These studies typically identify multiple factors that are behind the emergence of large and successful firms in particular national clusters. However, there has been relatively little research identifying whether such factors are all collectively necessary to produce the outcome, or whether only a few of the factors in different combinations might be sufficient to generate the shift in competitive advantage manifested in the market power of large “flagship” firms. In this paper, we study the evolution of one industry across six countries in which the competitive position of national firms changed considerably during our 100-year analysis period. The results of our combined historical and fuzzy-set analyses show that an unequal distribution of resources may lead to alternative causal pathways to competitive advantage of the largest firms.     

Institutional Capacity and National Competitive Advantage: the Rise and Stagnation of the Australian Meat Industry

This paper develops the argument that a country's institutional arrangements and government policies can squander opportunities for the creation of sustained competitive advantage, by locking a resource-based industry into low-quality, high-volume production. The argument is illustrated with the case of the Australian meat industry, which started with promising prospects, but lacked the institutional arrangements for coordination of firm strategies, and lacked policy guidance to upgrade technologically and to seek new markets, resulting in competitive stagnation and rising levels of foreign ownership.     

Managing Technical Advancement: A Prerequisite for Competitive Advantage

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a method for acquiring precursory technology knowledge (PTK) and details how managing the technological advancement of PTK is a prerequisite for capturing a competitive technical advantage. Acquired precursory knowledge in technology is simply the requisite knowledge a technologist must have to take rapid, intelligent, and informed approaches to solving technological problems. The research data was gathered at SMU-sponsored engineering management seminars and workshops from more than 200 engineers representing several of the best U.S. high-technology firms. Very specific recommendations are outlined for acquiring PTK and for managing this knowledge to assist corporations in becoming more competitive. The conclusions delineate several reasons for corporations to implement these findings.     

Organizational Integration and Competitive Advantage: Explaining Strategy and Performance in American Industry

This paper proposes an analytical framework that can comprehendhow and to what extent the interaction of institutions, industries,and enterprises has contributed to the decline of US competitiveness.The analytical framework builds on the notion that, ultimately,competitive advantage depends on the strategies and structuresof the business enterprises on which Americans rely for mostof the nation's productive investments. We argue that, overtime, to gain sustained competitive advantage, business enterprisesin the USA and elsewhere have had to achieve increasingly higherdegrees of ‘organizational integration’. We arguethat, as a general rule, the USA's prime competitors, and particularlythe Japanese, have gained competitive advantage by becomingmore organizationally integrated than their American rivals.For some industries, moreover, organizational integration ismore important than others; hence the variation in the extentto which certain American industries have been affected by foreigncompetition. And even within the more vulnerable industriessuch as electronics and automobiles, some American companieshave responded to the competitive challenge more quickly andeffectively than others. The organizational integration hypothesisargues that an important determinant of differences among Americancompanies in the same industry in the quickness and effectivenessof their strategic responses — whether they are ‘firstmovers’, ‘fast movers’, ‘slower movers’,‘no movers’, or ‘removers’ — tocompetitive challenges is the extent to which these companiesare organizationally integrated.     

电子商务企业的成本优势分析

通过对电子商务企业的成本分析，指出企业可变成本大量地被沉淀为固定成本，同时企业交易成本、生产成本、管理成本相对收缩。分析表明，网络环境下企业的交易成本向着两个相反的方向发展，这两个方向都具有提高企业竞争优势的效果；在生产领域，电子商务改变企业竞争的基础主要在于降低企业单位劳动成本和产品设计成本；企业实施电子商务不仅降低了库存成本，而且提高了企业内部每个管理层的管理能力，扩大了它们的管理范围，使管理成本相对下降，这一切都有助于提高企业的竞争力。     

Building and Sustaining a Product Differentiation Advantage Through a Community-Focused Strategy

An important reason people join communities is to satisfy their identity needs. Firms might exploit this societal tendency to gain competitive advantages and thus stronger economic profits than rivals. By reviewing the strategic approach adopted by Kiehl's, a U.S. cosmetic producer and retailer, this study investigates a potential mechanism by which firms interact with communities to build a product differentiation advantage. Because it adheres to and supports a well-defined set of values, Kiehl's not only achieves community membership and gains legitimacy but also strengthens the sense of identity that the relevant communities provide to members. These investments prompt reciprocal community member behaviors, which the company channels into its customer knowledge development process. Finally, this study describes how firm–community interactions protect the firm's differentiation advantage by turning its products into symbols of the communities to which Kiehl's customers belong.     

浅析我国农村生态环境保护标准体系的构建

本文从标准化的视角,阐述了我国农村生态环境保护标准体系构建的重要意义,分析了农村环境控制、农村生态保护等内容与标准化对象,阐明了农村生态环境保护标准体系构建原则,绘制了我国农村生态环境保护标准体系基本框架.     

A unified product structure management for enterprise business process integration throughout the product lifecycle

Information availability is a key factor for business success and competitive advantage. While created by design engineers, product structure is accessed and referenced by other users involved in product lifecycle from various departments. However, there is a lack of efficient ways of managing product structure information for enterprise business process integration. This study proposes a unified product structure management model to fill in this gap. With this proposed model, the product structure is managed in a unified way and can be accessed by different people with various disciplines in the right formats throughout the entire product lifecycle, including business processes of quotation, sales order processing, design, planning, scheduling, production, and delivery. This research is part of the enterprise business information management system project whose purpose is to streamline the information management for key business processes to integrate multi-disciplines in an enterprise for product development. A prototype system has been implemented to verify the model developed by taking real cases in a mould-manufacturing company. The results show the potential for substantial improvements in industrial competitive advantage.