橡胶隔振器高频动态特性的计算方法

该文采用一种由Mooney-Rivlin模型和多个Maxwell模型叠加组成的非线性粘弹性本构模型,用于计算橡胶隔振器的高频动态特性。该文给出了在时域和频域范围内拟合本构模型中粘弹性参数的方法,利用拟合得到的本构模型参数,对某款橡胶悬置跨点动态特性进行计算,并与实验结果进行对比。该文还建立了橡胶隔振器等效力学模型,分析了原点动刚度和跨点动刚度的区别,分析表明:使用跨点动态特性测试法可消除测试中附加惯性力的影响,适用于橡胶隔振器高频动特性的测试;同时,该文搭建了橡胶隔振器有限元模型,分别用于分析其跨点动刚度与原点动刚度,并将分析结果与实验结果进行对比,分析结果验证了有限元模型和力学模型的正确性。除此之外,该文还分析对比了时域（松弛、蠕变）和频域（简谐动态试验）拟合粘弹性参数方法的优缺点。     

高速加工中心有限元计算模型与实验验证

采用ANSYS软件对加工中心振动模态进行有限元分析，在有限元模型中采用了用户自定义单元来模拟结合面的刚度，同时将文献[3]的结合面刚度计算方法推广应用于确定自定义单元的刚度值。重点分析了加工中心主轴支架系统的计算模型对机床模态计算的影响，并用实验对计算模型进行了验证。     

新型贴片式扭振压电作动器的设计与实验研究

提出了一种新型贴片式扭振压电作动器,采用沿厚度方向极化的方形压电陶瓷片,通过特殊的布置方式来激发矩形梁结构的扭转振动。该压电作动器通过不同的激励方式,可以激发出奇数阶和偶数阶扭转振动,具有结构简单、紧凑、易于加工和安装等特点。为了验证所提出的扭振压电作动器设计方案和工作原理的正确性,建立了理论模型,并采用有限元方法对其进行了动力学特性仿真分析,通过实验对原理样机进行了振动特性测试和动力学行为研究。结果表明,理论模型计算结果、有限元仿真计算结果和实验测试结果基本一致,验证了所提出的压电作动器设计方案的可行性和工作原理的正确性。     

基于柔性铰链的新型快速伺服刀架设计

针对目前用于非圆精密加工的快速伺服刀架只能提供单向驱动力的问题,设计了一种基于柔性铰链的新型快速伺服刀架。建立了刀具放大结构的力学模型,利用理论力学的知识推导出刀具的放大率、刚度和固有频率解析式,并对实验刀具进行有限元分析。为了验证理论计算和有限元分析结果的准确性,对刀具进行实验测试。测试结果显示,理论计算结果与实验结果的最大误差为14.87%,平均误差为12.635%,有限元分析结果与实验结果的最大误差为6.54%,平均误差为5.925%,表明理论计算和有限元分析的准确性。最后提出了一种快速伺服刀架参数的初选流程,为快速伺服刀架的研究提供一定的理论基础。     

汽车悬架衬套静动特性分析中缩径量影响研究

为有效开展整车操稳性、平顺性的仿真研究,有必要对影响较大的汽车悬架衬套的静、动刚度范围进行精确设计及控制。本文通过采用3阶Ogden超弹性本构模型与3阶PRONY级数粘弹性模型建立了某汽车悬架减振器橡胶连接衬套超－粘弹性有限元模型,利用ABAQUS/Standard有限元分析模块分别研究了衬套缩径量大小与静、动刚度的关系,得到了不同缩径量下橡胶衬套静、动刚度曲线;结果表明,当缩径量小于0.6mm时,橡胶衬套静、动刚度随缩径量的增加而增大并呈近似的线性关系;当缩径量大于0.6mm后,静、动刚度随缩径量增大而增大的速率急剧变大而呈现非线性关系;本文研究说明,当缩径值达到一定程度后对橡胶衬套静、动刚度值的影响变大;最后通过试验测试发现有限元分析结果与测试结果相对误差在10%以内,证明了本次考虑缩径量影响的汽车悬架衬套静动特性分析的正确性,这对车用橡胶衬套的设计与分析研究具有一定的指导意义。     

汽车悬架衬套静动特性分析中缩径量影响研究

为有效开展整车操稳性、平顺性的仿真研究,有必要对影响较大的汽车悬架衬套的静、动刚度范围进行精确设计及控制。采用3阶Ogden超弹性本构模型与3阶PRONY级数黏弹性模型建立某汽车悬架减振器橡胶连接衬套超-黏弹性有限元模型,利用ABAQUS/Standard有限元分析模块分别研究衬套缩径量大小与静、动刚度的关系,得到了不同缩径量下橡胶衬套静、动刚度曲线;结果显示,当缩径量小于0.6 mm时,橡胶衬套静、动刚度随缩径量的增加而增大并呈近似的线性关系;当缩径量大于0.6 mm后,静、动刚度随缩径量增大而增大的速率急剧变大而呈现非线性关系;研究表明,当缩径值达到一定程度后对橡胶衬套静、动刚度值的影响变大;最后通过试验测试发现有限元分析结果与测试结果相对误差在10%以内,证明考虑缩径量影响的汽车悬架衬套静动特性分析的正确性,这对车用橡胶衬套的设计与分析研究具有一定的指导意义。     

考虑强液-固耦合效应的发动机液阻悬置动态特性仿真研究

以某轿车发动机液阻悬置为研究对象,运用INTESIM强液-固有限元方法建立了其动态特性分析的强液-固耦合有限元模型,仿真分析了其静、动刚度特性,并和实验结果进行了对比,验证了仿真研究结果的有效性,说明利用INTESIM强液-固耦合有限元方法可以有效的仿真液阻悬置的动态特性。     

汽车悬架液压衬套非线性动特性的实验与建模方法研究

在不同振幅位移激励下,测试了一汽车液压衬套的动刚度、滞后角随频率的变化特性。建立了液压衬套动态特性分析的非线性集总参数模型,基于模型,探讨了液压衬套橡胶主簧、惯性通道与液压衬套动特性之间的关系,计算结果与实验结果的一致,验证了计算模型分析的正确性。分析建立的集总参数模型,表明液压衬套在不同位移振幅激励下,存储动刚度具有不动特征点及在高频激励下动刚度趋于定值的特性。基于这种特性发展了模型参数的辨识方法,并对液压衬套集总参数模型中的参数进行了识别,利用识别得到的参数对液压衬套的动特性进行了计算,验证了识别得到的参数的正确性。     

四自由度全柔顺并联机构刚度分析

利用动力学方程求出4 CRU型全柔顺并联机构支链的刚度,并用ANSYS软件仿真结果验证此种方法的正确性,为求全柔顺并联机构整体刚度提供了依据;本文基于4 CRU并联机构的运动特性,采用传统柔性并联机构的构成方式设计了具有全柔顺特性的新型4 CRU的全柔顺并联机构;利用动力学方程对全柔顺支链刚度进行计算;采用ANSYS软件建立4 CRU型全柔顺机构支链模型,并对其刚度进行仿真实验对比研究;仿真结果与计算结果基本上一致,验证了分析方法的正确性.     

螺栓连接对燃机燃烧室结构模态的影响研究

针对螺栓联结带来的预紧力和摩擦系数对装配体模态影响较大而在设备装配中因处理困难常被忽略的问题,利用有限元分析方法、试验结合对比方法进行研究。以某型燃气轮机燃烧室作为研究对象,对重型燃机燃烧室实际模型进行建模,建立带有实体螺栓联结的有限元模型,考虑表面接触刚度、螺栓预紧力和摩擦系数等因素,重点分析预紧力和摩擦系数对结构模态的影响规律;并以该燃气轮机1:4缩比模型加工实体模型,利用锤击法对其进行模态试验,得出其固有频率并与仿真结果对比,验证仿真方法的有效性。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.