新型磷化液的研制

通过正交实验对影响磷化膜耐蚀性的主要因素H3PO4、DETAPP、Na2 MoO4的用量和游离酸度、总酸度进行了考察 ,得到了常温锌系磷化的最佳配方为 :H3PO4:30mL/L ,ZnO :3g/L ,DETAPP :0 5g L ,Na2 MoO4,2H2 O :2g/L ,C6 H8O7·2H2 O适量     

纳米γ-Fe_2O_3的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相法合成了γ-Fe2O3的前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O及纳米γ-Fe2O3。以FeSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料,先得到了前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O,通过对反应机理的初步探讨,并研究其物质结构、分解过程和合适煅烧温度,最后在400℃下煅烧前驱体3h得到γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子。经热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试手段的分析,结果表明:室温固相法合成纳米γ-Fe2O3产物γ-Fe2O3纯净、粒子为纳米级且分布均匀。     

铸造铝合金化学转化膜及其性能测试

介绍了ZL10 4合金化学转化膜的特点。实验研究了一步氧化法成膜机理、工艺及膜的抗蚀性能。通过试验获得了处理效果较好的溶液配方和工艺参数 ,经CASS试验和SL12 87恒电位仪阳极极化曲线的测绘 ,测出其平均腐蚀速率为 0 .4 871g/h·m2 。可见 ,一步氧化法生成的化学转化膜具有较好的抗蚀性能。     

低热固相反应制备纳米铈镍铁氧体粉末

采用Ce(NO3 ) 3 ·6H2 O、NiSO4·6H2 O、FeCl3 ·3H2 O和H2 C2 O4·2H2 O为原料 ,室温固相反应制备出相应的草酸盐前驱物 ,将前驱物在 3 80℃下分解 3h ,得到Ce0 .2 5NiFeO3 的棕黑色粉末 ,用热分析、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜对产物的组成、大小、形貌及有关性质进行了表征。结果表明获得了平均粒径为 3 0nm、分布均匀、无团聚的铈镍铁氧体纳米粉末     

液相法制备Ni3S4纳米粉

以NiSO4·6H2O和Na2S2O4·2H2O为原料,采用液相法室温合成了Ni3S4纳米粉.考察了影响粉体质量的各种因素,获得了最佳工艺条件,并对制备的纳米粉采用TEM、XRD和络合分析等方法进行了表征.结果表明:本法制备的Ni3S4纳米粉呈尖晶石型、平均粒径为10nm、粒度分布窄、分散性好、纯度高、转化率高.     

镁锂合金无铬阳极氧化工艺

已有的镁锂合金阳极氧化液舍Cr(Ⅵ),对环境有严重污染.研究了镁锂合金表面阳极氧化成膜工艺,使用无铬环保型电解液得到了有一定耐腐蚀性能的白色氧化膜,分析了电解液中NaOH浓度、氧化时间、电流密度等工艺参数对氧化膜的形成及其耐腐蚀性能的影响.用扫描电镜分析了氧化膜表面形貌,用交流阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了氧化膜的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:当电解液组成为50g/L NaOH,40g/LNa2 SiO3·9H2O,20 g/L Na2B4O7·10H2O,40 g/L C6H5Na3O7·2H2O,电流密度为10 mA/cm2,成膜时间为20min时,氧化膜的耐腐蚀性最好;经硅酸盐封孔处理氧化膜耐腐蚀性能得到了进一步提高.     

含水的聚甲基丙烯酸凝胶电解质膜离子导电性研究

用溶液浇铸法(solvent casting method)制得了聚甲基丙烯酸凝胶电解质膜,室温的最高电导率为2.3×10-4 S·cm-1。探讨了盐类、丙三醇、α-Al2O3 添加荆以及使用溶剂对电解质膜导电率的影响。     

纳米Co_2O_3前躯体的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相反应合成纳米Co3O4前驱体,用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段对前驱体的制备工艺进行了研究,就不同工艺对前驱体形貌、尺寸和产率的影响规律进行了探讨。结果表明,采用CoSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料制备的前驱体均为单斜相的CoC2O4·2H2O。在压应力作用下,前驱体的形貌主要为不规则多边形,颗粒尺寸在50～500nm范围内变化。而无压应力作用时,前驱体形貌为不规则形状,颗粒尺寸均匀,约为150～200nm。前驱体的产率与工艺参数有较大关系,对反应物分别研磨或反应物混合研磨、施加压力、升高温度和提高H2C2O4·2H2O的量将有利于提高前驱体的产率。     

2024铝合金阳极氧化、电解着黑色工艺优化及膜的性能

为了在2024铝合金表面获得结合力好、耐候性好及黑色纯正的阳极氧化膜,首先在硫酸电解液中对2024铝合金进行阳极氧化,之后在Sn-Ni-Cu-Co电解液中进行电解着黑色,采用SEM,XRD,EDS分析膜层的表面形貌、截面特征、成分及膜中的元素分布,优选了阳极氧化、电解着色电解液的成分;从金属颗粒沉积、氧化还原方面分析了电解着色的机理。结果表明:最佳阳极氧化液配方为100.0 g/L H2SO4,5.0 g/L H3BO3,2.0 g/L(NH4)2SO4,2.0 g/L苹果酸,2.0 g/L MgSO4,1.5 g/L Al2(SO4)3;最佳着色液配方为15 g/L SnSO4,10 g/L NiSO4,10 g/L CuSO4,10 g/L C4H6O4Co,3 g/L FeSO4;在Sn-Ni-Cu-Co电解着色液中,Sn2+,Co2+,Cu2+等通过还原反应以单质的形式沉积于氧化膜层的孔隙或底部,通过多重散射使氧化膜颜色加深,从而得到了黑色的氧化膜;最佳氧化膜颜色为石墨黑,结合力及耐候性均较好。     

在Ca(OH)2碱性条件下亚硫酸钙对矿渣的激发作用研究

采用DTA、XRD、SEM等测试方法 ,研究了在Ca(OH) 2 碱性条件下CaSO3·1 2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用 ,并与CaSO4·2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用进行了对比。结果表明 :CaSO3·1 2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用远不如CaSO4·2H2 O ,CaSO3·1 2H2 O和铝酸盐反应主要生成片状的C3A·CaSO3·11H2 O     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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