甘蔗渣缓冲材料的制备及性能

以甘蔗渣碎料为主要原料,利用马铃薯淀粉作胶粘剂,采用模压成型法,以热压时间、热压温度、施胶量、甘蔗渣粒径为研究要素,结合正交实验制备甘蔗渣缓冲材料,并利用SPSS软件及微观形貌分析对其性能进行对比,以得出最优制备方案;进一步研究了甘蔗渣粒径及缓冲材料的密度对其性能的影响。结果表明,上述4个影响因素对缓冲材料各项力学性能影响的显著性有所不同;就材料的最小缓冲系数而言,当热压时间为50s,热压温度为120℃,施胶量为6%时,材料的综合性能最佳;材料的密度为170~190kg/m3量级最为适宜;甘蔗渣粒径为8~14目时,缓冲材料最小缓冲系数达到最小值。     

异氰酸酯/脲醛树脂复合胶黏制备高强芦苇刨花板及性能研究

目的 为提升芦苇原料单元胶合性能、提高芦苇资源材料化利用率。方法 文中以异氰酸酯/脲醛树脂复合胶黏剂制备芦苇刨花板,并采用三因素三水平的正交试验,研究施胶量、热压时间和温度对板材静曲强度(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)、内结合强度(IB)和吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)的影响。结果 研究发现,当异氰酸酯占复合胶黏剂质量的11.6%时,芦苇刨花板的较优热压温度、热压时间、施胶量分别为160 ℃、240 s、12%。以该复合胶黏剂制备的芦苇刨花板的MOR、MOE、IB、2 h TS和24 h TS分别为33.68 MPa、3 292 MPa、1.05 MPa、3.64%和9.45%,满足GB/T 4897—2015中在干燥状态下使用的重载型刨花板(6~13 mm)性能要求。结论 文中的研究拓宽了芦苇资源代替木材在包装材料领域的工业化利用。     

包装用薄型稻草刨花板的制备工艺研究

从包装减量化设计理念出发,探索了薄型稻草刨花板的制备工艺,为绿色包装设计提供材料支撑。 首先在 2% 的 MDI 施胶量水平下,探索了热压温度、热压时间、酚醛胶施胶量对板材物理力学性能的影响,但在最佳工艺条件下板材的内结合强度和吸水厚度膨胀率都没有达标。 将 MDI 的使用量提高到 3% ,并在热压温度为150 ℃ 、热压时间为 2. 0 min/ mm、酚醛胶施胶量为 14% 、石蜡用量为 1% 的最佳工艺条件下,制备的薄型稻草刨花板的各种性能都达到了标准的要求。     

木材纤维热压发泡缓冲包装材料研究

以聚合物发泡技术与人造板工艺技术相结合,研制了一种木材纤维发泡缓冲包装材料。研究结果表明:在施胶量为20%,发泡剂用量3%,热压时间6 min,热压温度160℃条件下压制的制品,其静态压缩载荷急剧增加时的最大应力值可达25.3 MPa,应力-应变曲线呈线性增加的趋势。     

生物质缓冲包装材料制备及性能实验研究

为解决不可降解的废弃塑料类包装材料对环境造成的污染,以稻草纤维、淀粉为主要原料制备了生物质缓冲包装材料,采用正交实验方法研究了生物质缓冲包装材料纤维与淀粉质量比、塑化剂、活性剂和发泡剂含量等对材料抗压强度的影响,结果表明,各因素对材料抗压强度影响的主次顺序为塑化剂>纤维与淀粉质量比>发泡剂>活性剂。塑化剂含量为12%、纤维与淀粉质量比为2∶5、发泡剂含量为0.1%、活性剂含量为0.3%时其抗压强度可达0.94MPa。研究了塑化剂含量、纤维与淀粉质量比对材料缓冲性能的影响,随着塑化剂含量和纤维与淀粉质量比增大,材料缓冲系数呈现先降低后升高的趋势,在纤维与淀粉质量比为2∶5、塑化剂含量为12%时,材料的缓冲系数最小,缓冲性能最好。与EPS(发泡聚苯乙烯)和EPE(发泡聚乙烯)等包装材料缓冲性能和回弹性能的比较表明生物质缓冲包装材料完全可以替代EPS和EPE等缓冲包装材料。     

利用红麻制浆废弃物模压包装材料的研究

利用麻杆制浆废液和废弃麻芯代替部分脲醛胶及刨花压制刨花板的研究.改性的麻杆黑液与自制脲醛树脂按一定比例调配作为刨花板粘合剂,选择适当的工艺条件,将麻芯与刨花的混合料压制成具有一定强度、适当密度值的板材.该板材可作为包装材料制造包装箱、托盘等.     

环保生物质包装材料的制备及性能研究

目的研究一种环保生物质包装材料的热压成形制备工艺,并对其性能进行评价。方法将凤眼莲作为生物质原材料,通过磨浆并经水浴处理之后,添加助剂配方并经热压成形制备了环保生物质包装材料。将助剂配方、热压温度、热压压力作为影响因素,进行正交试验,选取尺寸稳定性、力学性能、防水性能作为指标,对其性能进行检测和综合评价。结果加入海藻酸钠(0.8%),CMC-Na(0.4%),琼脂(0.8%)作为胶黏剂,尿素(2%)作为增塑剂,乳化石蜡(1%)作为防水剂,在热压温度为150℃,压力为10 MPa条件下制得的生物质包装材料具有较好的综合性能。结论通过加入环保助剂配方,采用热压工艺可以制备出性能良好的生物质包装材料。     

无机杨木刨花板制备及性能

以杨木刨花和无机胶黏剂为主要原料,通过冷压成型工艺制备了无机杨木刨花板,研究了不同施胶量和密度对无机杨木刨花板物理力学性能的影响,通过XRD和SEM分析了不同施胶量及密度对无机杨木刨花板性能的影响机制,同时通过锥型量热仪分析了无机杨木刨花板的阻燃抑烟性能。结果表明:一方面,随着施胶量增大,无机杨木刨花板静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)先增大后减小,同时,内结合强度(IB)逐渐增大,24 h吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)逐渐减小。施胶量为57%时MOR和MOE分别达到最大值21.5 MPa和4360 MPa,施胶量为65%时IB达到最大值2.61MPa,24 h TS达到最小值3.36%。随着施胶量增大,燃烧的峰值热释放速率(HRR)降低,HRR到达峰值的时间推迟,总热释放量(THR)和总生烟量(TSP)减少。另一方面,随着密度增大,MOR、MOE均逐渐增大,IB先增大后减小,24 h TS先减小后增大,无机杨木刨花板密度为1.1 g/cm3时IB达到最大值3.54 MPa,24 h TS达到最小值3.99%。      

木基免拆保温建筑模板制备及其性能研究

以木材加工剩余物碎料和自制无机胶粘剂为原料,通过热压工艺制备木基免拆保温建筑模板。研究了施胶量、热压时间、热压温度及板材密度对其性能的影响。结果表明,试验范围内,随着施胶量、密度的增大,木基免拆保温建筑模板的抗折强度、弹性模量、软化系数、导热系数逐渐增大,抗冻性能增强;随着热压温度、热压时间的增加,木基免拆建筑模板的抗折强度、弹性模量、软化系数先增大后减少,导热系数逐渐下降,抗冻性能先上升后下降。通过分析获得木基免拆保温建筑模板优化制板工艺参数:密度为0.9g/cm3,施胶量为65%,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为12min。     

热解油脲醛树脂有机覆盖垫制备工艺研究

以园林废弃物为原料,热解油脲醛树脂作为胶粘剂,制备了一种新型的裸土覆盖用有机覆盖垫产品。以热压温度、热压压力、热压时间及施胶量为考察因素,以抗压强度、保水性和甲醛释放量为评价指标,优选出有机覆盖垫的最佳制备工艺。结果表明,有机覆盖垫的最佳制备工艺为热压温度140℃,热压压力0.7MPa,热压时间7min和施胶量10%(相对于有机覆盖垫原料质量百分数)。在此工艺条件下制备的有机覆盖垫强度大于体重100kg实验者行走时对地面的最大压强(约0.52MPa),甲醛释放量达到国标E1级标准(≤1.5mg/L),保水性良好(≥40%)。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.