复合生物保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果研究

目的为了延长冷鲜牛肉的货架期,提高冷鲜牛肉贮藏期间的品质,研究复合生物保鲜剂的保鲜效果。方法利用多种生物保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉进行处理,并在室温下进行贮藏,每隔3 d对冷鲜牛肉的含水量、pH和TVB-N值进行测定,并根据单因素实验所得结果,选择效果明显的保鲜剂按照一定比例组成复合生物保鲜剂,对冷鲜牛肉进行处理,并检验其保鲜效果。结果生物保鲜剂处理后的冷鲜牛肉的储存期和品质均较未处理的试样有明显提升,其中壳聚糖、茶多酚和溶菌酶的保鲜效果更明显,因此,选择这3种保鲜剂作为复合保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉进行处理,在4℃条件下贮藏,并在第6天对其挥发性盐基氮进行了测定,分析结果表明,当壳聚糖、茶多酚和溶菌酶的质量分数分别为5%,1%,3%时,冷鲜牛肉的TVB-N取极小值59.2 mg/kg,仍然保持比较新鲜的状态。结论复合生物保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉具有比较明显的保鲜作用,能够有效地延长肉品的货架期。     

复合保鲜剂对鲜切天麻贮藏品质的影响

目的通过探究复合保鲜剂对鲜切天麻保鲜效果的影响,为鲜切天麻采后保鲜提供参考依据。方法以鲜切天麻为实验材料,采用四因素三水平正交实验考察茶多酚、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、壳聚糖复配对鲜切天麻感官评价的影响,以鲜切天麻感官评价为控制指标,筛选出适宜鲜切天麻的复合保鲜剂配方。结果复合保鲜剂的最佳配方为茶多酚质量分数1.25%,柠檬酸质量分数0.50%,抗坏血酸质量分数0.20%,壳聚糖质量分数0.90%。与采用清水处理相比较,该复合保鲜剂在4℃下贮藏15d,能有效维持鲜切天麻的硬度和色差L*值,延缓其天麻素和多糖含量的下降,保持鲜切天麻PPO活性和POD活性。结论复合保鲜剂能有效地保持鲜切天麻的商品价值,可用于鲜切天麻采后保鲜。     

Nisin/罗勒精油对冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果

将Nisin与罗勒精油复配制备保鲜剂,对冷鲜猪肉进行了货架寿命研究。通过检测挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数、pH值以及脂肪氧化程度值,综合评价了保鲜剂的性能。结果表明:添加复合抑菌剂可有效抑制冷鲜猪肉菌落总数,保持猪肉鲜度;保鲜剂体积分数为0.75%时可延长冷鲜肉的贮藏期4d,体积分数为1%时可延长冷鲜肉的贮藏期6d。     

复合壳聚糖保鲜液膜对冷鲜牛肉保鲜的研究

目的通过涂膜对牛肉进行保鲜,将质量浓度为10 g/L的4种天然植物精油(迷迭香精油、葡萄籽油、茴香籽精油及柠檬精油)添加到壳聚糖与玉米醇溶蛋白的复合涂膜保鲜液中,研究其在贮藏过程中对冷鲜牛肉的品质影响。方法通过测定牛肉的汁液流失率、p H值、TVB-N值、菌落总数和TBA值等指标,对牛肉品质进行综合评价来说明不同涂膜处理的保鲜效果。结果含质量浓度均为10 g/L的柠檬精油和葡萄籽精油的复合保鲜液对牛肉的保鲜效果最佳。结论使用包含柠檬精油和葡萄籽精油的质量浓度分别为10 g/L的复合保鲜液可对牛肉在温度为(4±1)℃的条件下保藏牛肉20 d以上。     

复合生物保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉抑菌效果研究

以溶菌酶、乳酸链球菌素、壳聚糖、茶多酚及肉桂精油为生物保鲜剂,研究其对冷鲜牛肉的抑菌效果。实验结果表明,在常温下未经保鲜剂处理的冷鲜牛肉在第9 d时变质,而经保鲜剂处理的冷鲜牛肉在第15 d时基本变质。通过单因素实验选出3种抑菌效果较好的生物保鲜剂,并将其进行不同比例的混合,再对冷鲜牛肉进行保鲜处理,在第18 d时对冷鲜牛肉的菌落总数N进行测定,利用响应面法对实验数据进行分析,并建立回归方程,经过计算得出复合保鲜剂的最佳比例是质量分数为0.75%的壳聚糖、1.29%的茶多酚、2.91%的溶菌酶,此时lg(N/(CFU·g-1))最大值为5.61,低于国家规定的6.00,达到了较好的保鲜效果。     

pH响应型智能抑菌包装垫的制备及在冷鲜羊肉中的应用

目的为了延长冷鲜羊肉的货架期,实现抑菌剂的可控释放,制备一种对冷鲜羊肉生物胺敏感的纳米纤维包装垫。方法以茶多酚为抑菌剂,pH敏感材料聚丙烯酸树脂Eudragit L100-55为基材,采用静电纺丝技术制备抑菌纤维垫。通过扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱对抑菌纤维垫进行表征,通过模拟扩散实验验证其pH响应释放行为。随后,将该抑菌纤维垫应用于冷鲜羊肉托盘包装,通过测定菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸、pH值、色泽和汁液流失率来评价抑菌纤维垫的保鲜效果。结果抑菌纤维垫质地柔软,纤维平滑、均匀、连续,且纤维丝平均直径约为900nm。茶多酚被成功包埋于纤维丝中,且具有pH响应可控释放性。通过考察冷鲜羊肉品质发现,该抑菌垫具有较好的保鲜效果,可将托盘包装冷鲜羊肉货架期由6 d延长至9 d。结论该智能抑菌包装垫通过其良好的pH响应性可实现抑菌剂的可控释放,具有延长冷鲜羊肉货架期的效果,且保鲜效果良好,有望成为新型包装材料推广于市场。     

气调包装协同天然保鲜剂对冷却牛肉的保鲜研究

研究了气调包装与复合天然保鲜剂联合使用对冷却牛肉保鲜的效果。将复合保鲜剂与高氧浓度的各种气调包装协同使用,并且在(4±1)℃条件下贮藏,以真空包装为对照,对牛肉菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮、液汁流失率、嫩度、弹性、色泽等指标进行检测分析,确定了延长牛肉货架期的较佳条件为:气调包装气体体积分数为70%O2/20%CO2/10%N2,复合保鲜剂为质量分数1%壳聚糖/0.2%茶多酚。     

PCL/PVA/Nisin复合抑菌膜的制备和性能表征

目的 以可生物降解材料为成膜基材,添加天然抗菌物质,制备出复合抑菌薄膜,研究其各项性能,以期用于猪肉的保鲜。方法 以聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基材,添加乳酸链球菌素(Nisin),通过流延法制备出复合抑菌膜。通过改变Nisin的含量,研究其对复合薄膜光学性能、力学性能及抑菌性能的影响。结果 Nisin质量为0.7 g的复合薄膜其保鲜效果最佳,可以明显抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,贮藏7 d后pH值为6.8,保鲜时间是空白组的2倍;该含量的薄膜透光率为86.13%,拉伸强度为23.30 MPa。结论 Nisin质量为0.7 g的复合抑菌薄膜的综合性能最佳,该膜有较好的抑菌性能、光学性能和力学性能,可以延长猪肉的保鲜时间,对功能性包装膜的研究有一定的指导意义。     

TP/PA复合微胶囊对美国红鱼鱼片的保鲜性能研究

目的为了获得具有高效缓释和协同增效性能的水产品保鲜剂。方法采用喷雾干燥法分别制备茶多酚(TP)微胶囊、植酸(PA)微胶囊和TP/PA复合微胶囊,以美国红鱼为保鲜对象,测定其在温度4℃条件下的保鲜性能。结果保鲜剂处理可有效抑制鱼片中菌落总数(TVC)的生长,延缓pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)含量、挥发性盐基氮含量(TVB-N)的升高,有效地抑制鱼体感官评分和其硬度、弹性、咀嚼度、回复性等质构指标的下降,延长产品货架期。与未包埋保鲜剂处理的鱼片相比,在贮藏后期,经含有保鲜剂的微胶囊处理后,美国红鱼鱼片的保鲜效果更优,延长货架期3 d以上,即微胶囊中的保鲜剂在贮藏过程中缓慢释放,并作用于美国红鱼鱼片表面。TP/PA复合保鲜剂和复合微胶囊的保鲜性能均优于单一保鲜剂,说明复合保鲜剂具有协同增效作用。结论具有协同增效和缓释性能的TP/PA复合微胶囊能够显著延长美国红鱼鱼片的货架期3 d以上,可为微胶囊保鲜技术的深入研究和应用推广提供技术支持。     

鲳鱼复合生物保鲜剂冰的配比优化及保鲜效果

在单一生物保鲜剂研究的基础上,采用两因素三水平正交试验的方法,将不同浓度的茶多酚和植酸进行复配制冰后分组处理新鲜鲳鱼。对鲳鱼品质变化表征特性指标(感官评价),微生物指标(菌落总数),理化指标(挥发性盐基氮含量(TVB-N)、2-硫代巴比妥酸含量(TBA)和K值)进行分析,确定了鲳鱼复合生物保鲜冰的优化配比浓度,并验证其保鲜效果。研究结果表明:用茶多酚0.5%(w/v),植酸0.15%(v/v)的复合保鲜冰使鲳鱼的感官指标、微生物指标、理化指标均优于自来水冰的对照组,在1℃冷藏条件下的货架期由11~12 d延长至21~23 d。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.