基于优化的产品平台参数规划方法

 为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(mass customization,MC).基于公共产品平台的产品族设计是实现大规模定制的一种有效方式,而平台规划是面向产品族设计方法学的核心内容,也是目前研究中的一个热点问题.基于模型参数的平台设计是其方法之一.针对基于一系列标准可变参数的产品平台,用优化方法对产品平台参数进行规划,以满足各种客户需求.该规划方法无需事先人为指定,而是在满足客户需求的前提下,尽可能提高产品族中设计变量的共性,从而确定最好的产品平台的公共参数及其最优值,以及个性参数及其变化值,并以带式输送机为例验证了该方法.     

产品族多平台配置问题研究

当前制造业的焦点已经从大规模生产转移到大规模定制,基于平台构架开发和生产产品是实现大规模定制的方法之一.本文提出用多平台方法以最小的综合生产成本为目标生产给定产品族,该方法考虑每一变型产品的需求,以最优的平台数量、每平台最优配置和每平台上生产的变型最优产品组合三者作为决策变量,以混合整形规划方法对问题建模,并描述了模型的最优算法和基于基因算法的演化策略,最后通过一个产品族实例对本文提出的方法进行说明.     

基于ETL思想的产品全生命周期质量数据整合

针对构建面向产品全生命周期质量数据包的需求,提出了基于ETL思想的产品全生命周期异构质量数据的整合方法．给出了面向产品全生命周期的质量数据映射语义库的构建方法,建立了基于ETL思想的质量数据映射模型,提出了基于组织维度和产品维度的质量数据整合方法．在此基础上,设计开发了质量数据整合软件工具QQ—DI,并验证了所提出方法的有效性．     

面向可适应性的产品平台设计参数规划方法

 在分析已有产品平台特点的基础上,将模块化和参数化产品平台统一表示为基于“设计参数”的产品平台,提出了面向可适应性的产品平台设计参数规划方法．引入可适应设计理念,分析了产品平台结构及变型方式;以公理设计理论为指导,进行产品功能要求 设计参数的映射,建立公理设计矩阵;分析各设计参数之间及其与功能要求之间的敏感性,构建设计关联矩阵并对其进行关联度分析;然后通过变型产品关于设计参数的差异度计算,合理识别平台参数和变型参数,确定设计参数在产品平台中的共享策略．通过桥式起重机产品族的柔性配置实例,证明了该方法的可行性和实用性．     

基于案例的文化创意产品设计方法研究

针对文化产品的造型设计,将与产品造型相关的设计元素细分为功能、行为、文化、情感和构造法五个方面,结合基于案例的设计(case-based design,CBD)技术、遗传算法以及形状文法知识,建立文化创意产品设计概念原型系统并对文化创意产品进行引导设计。提出产品造型相关设计元素多目标优化模型,对用户需求进行匹配操作。提出文化产品造型设计方法模型,结合产品基因树交叉操作与形状文法知识,将现代类产品与文化器物类产品的设计元素进行交叉重组。通过对产品造型相关设计元素进行深入研究,并在文化创意产品设计概念原型系统中融入基于案例的设计技术、遗传算法和形状文法的知识,辅助设计师对文化产品进行创意设计。以小音箱为例,验证了该方法的可行性,为文化产品设计提供了一种有效方法。     

基于轮廓形态的系列产品构思方法

提出了一种基于产品形态的系列产品的构思方法,并以区域照明控制系统为例,详细介绍了系列产品进行构思设计的过程.该方法的提出,对于研究系列产品的构思方法,统一工业产品的设计风格,具有重要的理论指导意义和实际应用价值.     

面向产品生命周期的包装机械数字化设计技术研究

将产品的生命周期分为产品定义、产品制造和产品销售3个阶段.给出了每一个阶段的实现过程和目标、约束.从产品生命周期的角度,给出了数字化设计的定义.通过分析数字化设计的一般过程和数字化设计平台的体系结构及功能模块,指出了目前数字化设计平台的难点和关键技术.基于PTC公司的Pro/E平台,给出了一个齿轮传动机构的数字化设计的例子.     

通用电机产品族协同设计的模糊优化

产品族设计是大规模定制中的核心内容,许多文献在假定产品特征确定情况下,采用平台参数和非平台参数,提出了大规模定制下的产品族设计优化方法。基于产品族设计理念,针对含有不确定特征的产品族设计中的一种基本类型——产品参数与产品功能之间的映射含有模糊系数的情形,建立一种对平台参数和非平台参数进行协同优化的模糊双层线性规划模型,利用有关模糊算法对模糊条件下的通用电机产品族协同设计进行优化。     

网络环境下面向质量的产品方案设计工作流模型及实现

产品方案设计阶段是决定产品质量、企业市场竞争力最为关键的阶段：不同企业通过组合各自优势资源进行企业协作则是提高市场竞争力的一个重要途径。笔者在对网络环境下面向质量的产品方案设计过程进行分析的基础上，提出设计协作环的概念，建立了基于设计协作环的工作流模型，并通过引入多代理技术，构造设计过程管理平台和小组协同设计平台，建立了支持该工作流模型的系统实现结构。     

基于层次语义特征的复杂产品工业设计研究

目的为实现复杂产品工业设计多层语义整合与创新,促进多学科知识共享与协同,提高产品品质。方法基于产品符号学和认知语义学理论,提出产品工业设计层次语义概念,基于复杂产品开发流程与信息加工理论,构建层次语义工业设计过程情境模型。使用感性工学、动作分析等科学表义方法和产品语义学比喻的艺术表义方法提取特征,构建具体设计情境。结论得到了复杂产品图标语义特征、指示语义特征、象征语义特征及其关联,通过系谱轴与比邻轴情景区间中特征要素构成的设计线索和遗传组合、突变、隐喻的策略指导设计,取得良好的实践效果。     

Using business critical design rules to frame new architecture introduction in multi-architecture portfolios

When introducing new architectures to an industrial portfolio, counting multiple existing product and manufacturing solutions, time-to-market and investments in manufacturing equipment can be significantly reduced if new concepts are aligned with the existing portfolio. This can be done through component sharing, or sharing critical design principles. This alignment is not trivial, as extensive design knowledge is needed to overview a portfolio with many, often highly different products and manufacturing lines. In this paper, we suggest establishing a frame of reference for new-product introduction based on several ‘game rules’, or Business Critical Design Rules (BCDRs), which denote the most critical features of the product and manufacturing architectures, and should be considered an obligatory reference for design when introducing new architectures. BCDRs are derived from the portfolio, architecture and module levels, including modelling of the most critical links between the product and manufacturing domains. The suggested modelling principle has been tested as a frame for new-architecture introduction, capturing critical modularisation principles in a large and global OEM. Application of the suggested method revealed a potential for reducing time-to-market and potentially cutting 35% off investments in new manufacturing equipment when introducing new products in the portfolio.     

Design for variety: developing standardized and modularized product platform architectures

Developing a robust, product platform architecture brings an important competitive advantage to a company. The major benefits are reduced design effort and time-to-market for future generations of the product. This paper describes a step-by-step method that aids companies in developing such product platform architectures. Using the concept of specification "flows" within a product development project, the design for variety (DFV) method develops two indices to measure a product's architecture. The first index is the generational variety index (GVI), a measure for the amount of redesign effort required for future designs of the product. The second index is the coupling index (CI), a measure of the coupling among the product components. The design team uses these two indices to develop a decoupled architecture that requires less design effort for follow-on products. This paper describes the DFV method and uses a water cooler example to illustrate the method. Electronic Publication     

Designer portfolio archetypes in design-intensive industries

ABSTRACT

The paper analyzes the designer portfolio configurations employed by firms, in design-intensive industries, to implement different product design strategies. Using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis methodology, the paper explores how decorative lamps manufacturers, that first adopted the new LED technology, assembled their designer portfolios. The study shows that, in the early phases of LED lamps, four different designer portfolio archetypes were adopted by firms, two of them related to a product language divergence strategy and two to a product language convergence strategy: international design-star archetype, crowd design-innovator archetype, local ambassador archetype, international bridge archetype. These four archetypes are discussed, contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between product design strategies and designers’ management in design-intensive industries.     

基于网络的产品设计系统

在分析了企业产品设计的现实需求的基础上 ,指出基于网络的产品设计系统是敏捷制造企业联盟的重要组成部分 ,是企业开展创新产品设计、降低成本、实施并行工程的现代产品设计手段 .并对基于互联网和统一产品数据模型的产品设计系统进行了可行性分析、系统结构分析以及系统实现关键技术分析 .     

Improving cost effectiveness in an existing product line using component product platforms1

Previously, we introduced a new method for improving commonality in a highly customised, low volume product line using component product platforms. The method provides a bottom-up platform approach to redesign family members originally developed one-at-a-time to meet specific customer requirements. In this paper, we extend the method with an activity-based costing (ABC) model to specifically capture the manufacturing costs in the product line, including the cost associated with implementing a platform strategy. The valve yoke example is revisited in this paper, the customised ABC model is defined, two design strategy alternatives are addressed, and the new method is used to determine which alternative is better at resolving the trade-off between commonality, total cost, and product performance. The proposed method shows promise for creating a product platform portfolio from a set of candidate component platforms that is most cost-effective within an existing product line. The proposed method allows for arbitrary leveraging as it does not rely solely on the traditional vertical, horizontal, or beachhead strategies advocated for the market segmentation grid, and this is especially beneficial when applied to an existing product line that was developed one-at-a-time time such that artefact designs are inconsistent from one to another.     

Robust trade-off portfolio selection

Robust portfolio selection explicitly incorporates a model of parameter uncertainty in the problem formulation, and optimizes for the worst-case scenario. We consider robust mean–variance portfolio selection involving a trade-off between the worst-case utility and the worst-case regret, or the largest difference between the best utility achievable under the model and that achieved by a given portfolio. While optimizing for the worst-case utility may yield an overly pessimistic portfolio, optimizing for the worst-case regret may result in a complete loss of robustness; we theoretically demonstrate this point. Robust trade-off portfolio compromises these two extremes, enabling more informative selections. We show that, under a widely used ellipsoidal uncertainty model, the entire optimal trade-off curve can be found via solving a series of semidefinite programs (SDPs). We then extend the model to handle the union of finitely many ellipsoids, and show that trade-off analysis under this quite general uncertainty model also reduces to a series of SDPs. For more general uncertainties, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the cutting-set method. Under the finite-union-of-ellipsoids model, this algorithm offers an alternative to the SDP in exploring the optimal trade-off curve. We illustrate the promises of the trade-off portfolios by using historical stock returns data.