热挤压成形GH3625合金管材组织及裂纹形成机理

通过对比热挤压成形管材和爆裂管材的组织以及对爆裂管材裂纹和断口的分析,研究了热挤压成形GH3625合金管材的组织及裂纹形成机理。结果表明:爆裂管材与成形管材的组织均为等轴晶,但爆裂管材的开裂使晶界处的应力集中得以释放,其组织中并没有形成变形孪晶,在管材径向方向上也不存在晶粒尺寸不均匀的现象。挤压比过高导致管材在热挤压过程中绝热升温严重,使低熔点的Laves相熔化并扩散到周围基体中,是裂纹形成的根本原因。在模具出口处高拉应力的作用下,这些裂纹不断扩展最终连接在一起,导致管材的爆裂现象。由于断口表面冷却速率较高,组织通过奥氏体区的时间较短,再结晶形核核心多且晶粒长大过程受阻,使断口表面形成了一层十分细小的再结晶晶粒。     

镍基管材热挤压中玻璃润滑机理的数值模拟研究

模拟摩擦效应对镍基合金管材热挤压的不良影响,着重从挤压力方面讨论了挤压过程的可行性.研究表明:钢坯两侧润滑系数f在0.02～0.03,玻璃垫处在0 01附近,金属匀速流动,径向应力应变分布均匀；当f＞0.05时,会造成挤压曲线震荡,不利于热挤压的进行.     

管道螺旋焊缝开裂原因分析

通过宏观检查、显微组织检查、断口形貌观察、材料室温拉伸性能测试、冲击韧性测试和断裂力学分析,结合温度对Q345钢管材断裂韧性的影响,对Q345钢螺旋焊缝开裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:陈旧性裂纹是裂纹源,螺旋焊缝处裂纹开裂模式为低应力脆断.使用温度下降使钢管断裂韧性降低,裂纹发生失稳扩展,管道泄漏.     

预热温度对AgCuOSnO2热挤压变形的影响：有限元模拟与实验

根据实验结果建立有限元模型,研究了不同预热温度对AgCuOSnO₂复合材料在热挤压过程中,应力、应变和显微组织的影响,并通过模拟计算验证实验结果。结果表明,提高预热温度将导致应力降低,颗粒弥散以及金属流动性增强,这有利于减小模具磨损深度,但会减弱CuO的纤维化程度。在轴向和径向上都出现了温度梯度,且两者的温度变化随热挤压的进行表现出相反的规律,提高预热温度可使径向温差为零。在800℃的预热温度下,坯料受热均匀,模具磨损较小,立方CuO能够充分纤维化,因此是AgCuOSnO₂复合材料热挤压的理想预热温度。     

316L方圆管热挤压工艺数值模拟

根据真实的316L钢应力应变关系,在Deform 3D中建立材料本构关系模型,并将该模型应用于316L钢热挤压数值模拟。对内圆外方的异型钢管材热挤压进行了数值模拟和生产试验。研究了挤压温度、挤压速度对挤压生产的影响。结果表明,模拟挤压力与实际挤压力符合较好;确定的热挤压工艺为:挤压温度1180~1200℃,挤压速度200mm/s。根据热挤压工艺生产出了满意的316L方圆管制品。     

7005铝合金挤压管材开裂原因

外径Φ180 mm、内径Φ60 mm的7005-T6铝合金管材在某公司机加工过程中,发现管材横截面沿径向出现多处裂纹。对裂纹处进行宏观组织、显微组织以及化学成分分析结果表明:裂纹是由于铸锭内部冷却不均匀而产生极大的应力不平衡,形成收缩应力,此应力如集中到铸锭的一些薄弱处,并超过了金属的强度或塑性极限而造成的,该裂纹为铸造裂纹。提出了预防铸造裂纹的措施。     

铁路Ⅱ型弹条制造过程中的开裂分析

通过现场考察、显微组织分析与相变点测定,分析了铁路Ⅱ型弹条在制造过程中产生裂纹的原因。结果表明弹条出现裂纹的主要原因是在弹条热挤压成形过程中,在铁素体与奥氏体两相区内挤压产生过大变形应力使弹条开裂。在热加工过程中产生的热应力、接触应力及相变应力也助长裂纹的形成。     

起重机制动轮表面裂纹成因分析及预防措施

通过化学成分分析、金相组织分析和硬度检验分析,对大吨位起重机制动轮表面裂纹形成的原因进行探讨,发现制动轮工作温度高于回火温度,使制动轮在工作中发生回火,从而产生表面拉应力,是产生表面裂纹的主要原因.据此提出根据制动轮的材料和工作温度确定回火温度,再根据回火温度确定制动轮硬度要求的方法,可避免或减少裂纹的产生.     

冷轧TA18钛合金管材退火织构的形成机制

TA18钛合金管材因使用环境要求应具有特定的径向基面织构,退火温度是其重要影响因素之一,为了揭示管材退火织构的形成机制,选取Φ8 mm×0.6 mm冷轧管材以及经450、500、550、600、650、700、750℃/3 h等温度退火管材为试验材料,利用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术研究了管材晶粒在不同退火温度下的取向特性。结果表明：初始冷轧管材具有较强的径向基面织构,且■晶向主要平行于管材轴向;管材在450～550℃、550～650℃、650～750℃退火时分别发生了回复、再结晶及晶粒长大,管材织构的转变主要发生在再结晶及晶粒长大阶段,随着再结晶的发生,管材径向织构不断增强,再结晶后的■晶向主要平行于管材轴向。再结晶退火使管材径向织构增强的主要原因是,原冷轧管材中的细小晶粒具有比基体更强的径向取向,再结晶晶粒优先在这些细小晶粒处形核生长,并获得了强径向取向,在随后的晶粒长大过程中,这些强径向取向晶粒不断长大并占据优势,从而使管材表现出强径向分布的“再结晶织构”。     

G3镍基耐蚀合金管材热挤压工艺润滑行为研究 Ⅰ.玻璃润滑膜厚度模型建立及应用

研究了G3镍基耐蚀合金管材玻璃润滑热挤压工艺中润滑膜的成膜行为,建立了润滑膜厚度的理论计算模型.同时,针对6000 t卧式挤压机,结合G3合金热挤压工艺有限元模拟分析,对热挤压工艺参数和玻璃润滑剂黏度进行了系统的研究.结果表明,可以通过玻璃润滑膜厚度及完成一次热挤压所需玻璃垫厚度的理论计算公式优化G3合金管材热挤压工艺参数,并进一步获得了玻璃润滑剂黏度性质须满足:玻璃粉的软化温度大约为720℃;在720-800℃,玻璃黏温系数在-0.05℃~(-1)和-0.04℃~(-1)之间;热变形温度1100—1200℃区间的黏度为25—200 Pa.s.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis