钎焊及其设备

20095123 不锈钢EGR冷却器钎焊结构断裂分析／何鹏…／／焊接．-2009（4）：26-29 通过对钎焊失效件进行断裂裂纹的宏观分析及断口分析,确定了断裂发生的位置,并分析了断裂形式及疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展过程的特点。在对失效件裂纹的宏观观察中发现,断裂多发生在钎焊圆角根部,裂纹沿钎焊圆角根部萌生和扩展。     

钎焊及其设备

20095123 不锈钢EGR冷却器钎焊结构断裂分析／何鹏…／／焊接．-2009（4）：26-29 通过对钎焊失效件进行断裂裂纹的宏观分析及断口分析,确定了断裂发生的位置,并分析了断裂形式及疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展过程的特点。在对失效件裂纹的宏观观察中发现,断裂多发生在钎焊圆角根部,裂纹沿钎焊圆角根部萌生和扩展。     

起重机变幅油缸断裂分析

对断裂的起重机变幅油缸断口进行了宏观分析、扫描电镜观察,并对缺陷处和材料内部进行了组织分析和硬度测试.结果表明,表面存在的焊点使局部淬火得到马氏体组织,疲劳裂纹在此萌生;材料中粗大的魏氏组织促使疲劳裂纹快速扩展,最终导致疲劳断裂失效.     

风叶片紧固用高强度螺栓断裂原因分析

对断裂失效的风叶片紧固用螺栓件进行化学成分分析、宏观分析、金相分析、硬度测试和断口分析,结果表明:3根螺栓的断裂形式均为疲劳断裂,螺纹根部的应力集中和条状硫化物造成疲劳强度的下降是造成1#螺栓疲劳断裂的主要原因;1#螺栓的疲劳扩展使得2#、3#螺栓的工作应力升高,在螺纹根部产生疲劳源,而疲劳裂纹在条状硫化物的加速作用下扩展发生疲劳断裂。     

防喘压力信号管断裂分析

发动机防喘压力信号管多次于钎焊位置断裂。采用外观检查、断口宏微观形貌观察及金相分析,对其中一件典型管件进行了综合分析。结果表明：管件断裂于引接管长管弯管段球座根部位置,断裂起源于表面的钎料层,断口可见明显的疲劳条带特征,断裂性质为疲劳断裂。失效的主要原因是由于钎料层不均匀,韧性较差,且管件在装配过程中存在较大的变形,使钎料层沿枝晶开裂,形成原始裂纹。在防喘压力信号管工作过程中,在振动应力作用下发生疲劳扩展并最终导致管件断裂。通过严格控制钎焊过程并防止装配中管件发生较大的变形可以避免该类故障。     

重型汽车发动机曲轴断裂分析

某重型汽车在正常行驶过程中,发动机曲轴突然发生断裂。对失效曲轴进行硬度测试、金相组织检查及断口宏微观观察等综合分析,结果表明：该曲轴断裂性质为弯曲-扭转疲劳断裂,其断口明显分为3个区域,即疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区;曲轴表面硬度比规定硬度值低,问时,材料表层和内部存在较多弥散分布的气孔及Al2O3、MnS等氧化物和硫化物夹杂,在弯矩和扭矩的共同作用下,疲劳裂纹从曲轴轴径油孔下方过渡圆角处等应力集中区域开始萌生,并沿与轴径约呈45°的方向扩展,最终导致曲轴断裂失效。     

2024铝合金转动制件的失效分析

采用外观检查、裂纹断口宏微观观察及能谱分析、材料硬度检测、金相检查对2024铝合金转动件出现的裂纹进行了失效分析.结果表明,2024铝合金制件的裂纹失效属低周疲劳开裂,在冲压成型过程中,模具对坯件造成凹坑,产生应力集中加速了疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展,导致最终失效.提出了严格控制制件的加工工艺的建议,并在装配前严格检查其表面质量.     

循环氢压缩机组主汽轮机轴失效分析

通过硬度检测、金相检验、宏观及微观断口分析, 结合力学分析证实了汽轮机轴失效是由于轴肩变径处加工刀痕导致应力集中,造成多条疲劳 裂纹萌生、扩展及最终的断裂,提出了防止汽轮机轴疲劳断裂的措施.     

TiAl基合金弯曲疲劳的断裂机制

通过对弯曲疲劳断裂宏观试验结果以及相应的卸载表面观察和断口观察分析研究,发现在疲劳加载的过程中,首先在缺口根部产生裂纹,裂纹在应力循环的作用下不断扩展,直至疲劳裂纹的长度达到与疲劳外加力所匹配的临界裂纹长度时,突然发生整体解理断裂.在一定应力下的疲劳弯曲加载试验中,随着循环次数的增加,产生的裂纹变长,即产生的损伤严重,疲劳区域变宽,其断裂机制是疲劳区各裂纹单向扩展,解理区起裂源分散扩展直至断裂.对于循环次数较小的材料,其断裂机制是具有发散扩展路径的起裂源直接产生于缺口根部,然后分散扩展直至断裂,在其扩展的路径上并不因疲劳区与解理区而有任何的不同.     

500GF-3RJ燃气发电机组连杆断裂分析

500GF-3RJ型燃气发电机组的连杆,仅仅运行了60 h后突然发生断裂,进行了化学成分、金相组织及扫描电镜断口分析,并对连杆进行了应力分析。结果表明,连杆螺栓连接加工表面转角的过渡圆角处存在粗糙的加工刀痕,在连杆转角部位产生了很大的应力集中,是导致连杆发生疲劳断裂的主要原因,而失效连杆的金相组织中存在铁素体和魏氏组织引起硬度及强度的降低,对连杆疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展起到了加速作用。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.