快淬La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金的电化学性能及微观结构

采用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La—Mg-Ni系（PuNi3型）贮氢合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-Co0.45Cux（x=0～0．4），分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能与微观结构，研究了Cu替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构，包括（La，Mg）Ni3相和LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相。快淬处理对合金的相组成没有影响，但使合会的衍射峰趋于均匀一致。Cu替代Ni使合金的电化学容量下降，但使合金的循环稳定性及放电电压特性得到改善。快淬可提高合金的循环稳定性，但使合金的容量下降。     

快淬工艺对Mg2Ni型合金气态及电化学贮氢动力学的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备Mg2Ni型Mg2-xLaxNi(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)贮氢合金。用XRD、SEM、HRTEM分析铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,合金的气态贮氢动力学性能用自动控制的Sieverts设备测试,并用程控电池测试仪测试合金的电化学贮氢动力学。结果发现,La替代Mg明显地改变Mg2Ni型合金的相组成。当x≤0.2时,La替代Mg不改变合金的主相Mg2Ni,但出现少量的LaMg3及La2Mg17相。当La替代量x≥0.4时,合金的主相改变为(La,Mg)Ni3+LaMg3。快淬含La合金显示了以非晶相为主的结构,表明La替代Mg提高了Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。合金的气态及电化学吸放氢动力学对La含量及快淬工艺敏感,适当的快淬处理可以提高合金的气态及电化学贮氢动力学,但获得最佳贮氢动力学的快淬工艺与合金的成分密切相关。     

Si元素的添加对La-Mg-Ni系合金贮氢性能的影响

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性,添加少量Si,用铸造工艺制备了La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.3Co0 2Six(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)贮氢合金,分析并测试了其微观结构、电化学性能以及氢扩散系数.结果表明,合金具有多相结构,主相由CaCu5型相和Ce2Ni7型相组成...     

La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的研究进展

La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金是最具希望的新一代Ni—MH电池的负极材料,本文阐述了该合金系研究的主要进展,分析了LaMg—Ni系电极合金性能的主要影响因素,就提高La—Mg—Ni系电极合金电化学循环稳定性的问题提出了看法。     

热处理对La-Mg-Ni系贮氢电极合金性能的影响——显微组织及相分析

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备铸态La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.81Co0.15Al0.04)3.4贮氢电极合金,并在1173 K温度下热处理8 h得到热处理态合金,采用XRD、FESEM及EDS研究相结构、显微组织及相成分.Rietveld法全谱拟合分析表明,铸态及热处理态合金为多相结构,主相为Ce2Ni7型六方相,还包括CaCu5型六方相、PuNi3型菱方相、MgCu2型立方相及BCr型正交相.热处理后Ce2Ni7型主相含量从63.6%(质量分数)增加到70.1%,热处理还使各组成相的晶胞体积均有所增加.铸态合金的显微组织为板条状,热处理后板条状组织消失.FESEM结合EDS分析表明,热处理使铸态合金中的Ni相消失且出现富Mg相,同时使主要贮氢相间Ni元素和Mg元素的浓度差减小.     

铸态及快淬态La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0～0.2）电极合金的微观结构及电化学性能

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系（PuNi3）型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性,在La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9合金中加入微量Cr,用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0,0.1,0.2）贮氢合金.分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能及微观结构,研究了Cr对铸态及快淬态合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括（La,Mg）Ni3相（PuNi3结构））,LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相.快淬对合金的相组成没有影响,但使合金的相丰度产生变化.Cr的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降.合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能.     

铸态及快淬态La-Mg-Ni系(PuNi3型)贮氢合金的循环稳定性

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系(PuNi3型)La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Bx(x=0～0.2)贮氢合金,分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与循环稳定性,研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明,铸态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相和LaNi5相,一定量的LaNi2相及微量的Ni2B相,经大于15 m/s淬速快淬处理后Ni2B相消失,并且其它相的相对量随淬速的变化而变化.硼的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但其作用机理完全不同.合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,但快淬工艺对La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金循环寿命的改善非常有限.     

AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氢合金电极合金结构和贮氢性能

用感应熔炼的方法制备了AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氰电极合金,采用X射线衍射、Sievert型测试仪、三电极测试体系研究了合金的相结构、吸氢性能、电化学性能.X射线衍射分析结果表明,AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氢电极合金均南(La,Mg)Ni,相、(La,Mg)_2Ni_7相及少量杂质相组成,为多相结构;贮氢性能实验研究表明,具有PuNi_3结构的LaNi_3,型合金的吸氧量高于具有CaCu_5结构的LaNi_5型合金.     

添加Si对A_2B_7型电极合金结构及电化学贮氢性能的影响(英文)

为改善La–Mg–Ni系A2B7型合金的电化学贮氢性能,在合金中添加一定量的Si元素,通过真空熔炼及退火处理的方法制备La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six(x=0-0.2)电极合金。研究Si元素的添加对合金结构及电化学贮氢性能的影响。结果表明,铸态及退火态合金均为多相结构,分别为Ce2Ni7型的(La,Mg)2Ni7相和CaCu5型的LaNi5相以及少量的残余相LaNi3。Si元素的添加没有改变合金的主相,但使得合金中的(La,Mg)2Ni7相减少而LaNi5相增加。添加Si显著地影响了合金的电化学性能。随着Si含量的增加,铸态及退火态合金的放电容量逐步降低,但循环稳定性却随着Si含量的增加而增强。此外,合金电极的高倍率放电性能、极限电流密度、氢扩散系数以及电化学交流阻抗谱的测试均表明合金的电化学动力学性能随着Si含量的增加先增加而后减小。     

磁热处理对La—Mg—Ni-Co合金微结构与电化学性能的影响

考察La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金分别在铸态、热处理及磁热处理3种状态下的微结构及其电化学性能.通过XRD衍射及SEM分析贮氢合金的物相组成和电极合金循环后的形貌,研究Co部分替代Ni以及有无外加磁场下热处理对合金微结构与电化学性能的作用规律.结果表明:经Co部分取代的La-Mg-Ni铸态合金经过50次循环后,放电容量保持率从64.46%提高到74.80%;经磁热处理后,La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金的最大放电容量为324.80mA·h/g,较常规热处理合金的容量提高了10.59%,放电容量保持率为83.07%,其放电平台更为宽广且平坦:磁热处理的引入进一步降低贮氢合金电极的极化电阻,改善合金电极动力学性能.     

Designing appropriate heat treatment temperature for LaNi3.8Al0.75Mn0.45 alloy

The effect of heat treatment on microstructure, equilibrium hydrogen sorption pressure and plateau slope of LaNi3.8Al0.75Mn0.45 alloy was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that annealed alloys have single phase and the same hexagonal structure as that of LaNi5 alloy (CaCu5 type, P6/mmm ). The cell parameters of alloys fluctuate with the increasing annealing temperature. The equilibrium hydrogen pressure and plateau slope are a parabola function with annealing temperature for LaNi3.8Al0.75Mn0.45 alloy. By this relationship, an appropriate heat treatment temperature for LaNi3.8Al0.75Mn0.45 alloy is determined to about 1220-1230 K by mathematic simulation process. However, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of alloys does not affected by the annealing temperature.     

La0．67Mg0．33Ni2．5Co0．5贮氢合金的制备和MH电极性能研究

采用高频感应熔炼方法制备了PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金;用X射线衍射分析和电化学方法研究了添加不同Mg含量以补偿Mg元素烧损时合金的组织结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,铸态合金由．PuNi3型主相和少量的CaCu5型第二相组成,铸态合金经1223K和10h退火处理后,CaCu5型第二相可明显减少,其中Mg增加10％时得到纯度较高的PuNi3型组织。电化学测试表明,增加适当Mg含量和进行退火热处理能明显提高和改善合金电极容量、循环稳定性和大电流放电性能。与AB5型和。482型Laves相贮氢合金比较,PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金具有电极容量高及优良的大电流放电性能。     

Microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of nonstoichiometric La-rich AB5-type ahoy for Ni/MH battery electrode

The nonstoichiometric La-rich mischmetal (designated by Ml)-based hydrogen storage alloy with a composition of Ml(Ni0.64Co0.20Mn0.12Al0.04)4.76 was prepared by arc melting and annealed at 1173 K for 10 h to investigate the effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of the alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that annealing can cause a release of the crystal lattice strain and an increase in amounts of the La2Ni7-type second phase in Ml(Ni0.64Co0.20Mn0.12Al0.04)4.76 alloy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis examinations indicated that annealing leads to disappearance of the dendrite structure in the as-cast alloy, growth of crystal grain, and decrease of composition segregation. The annealing at 1173 K for 10 h flattened and extended the potential plateau and inprovement in electrochemical characteristics was discussed based on the alloy microstructure change induced by annealing.     

退火热处理对Nd0.75Mg0.25(Ni0.8Co0.2)3.5储氢合金结构和性能的影响

采用中频感应熔炼制备Nd0.75Mg0.25(Ni0.8Co0.2)3.5储氢合金,在0.03 MPa氩气氛围进行退火,退火温度分别为850,900和950 ℃,保温时间均为7 h。分别对合金的电化学性能、气态储氢性能和合金的微观结构进行研究。结果表明,合金在退火热处理前后的相组成没有发生明显变化,主相均为Ce2Ni7型(Nd,Mg)2(Ni,Co)7相和CaCu5型NdNi5相。合金中晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增大,相界面则减少,退火消除晶格应力、增加成分均匀性、增加储氢容量;同时有部分Mg在热处理过程中损失导致储氢容量的下降。900 ℃热处理使得Nd0.75Mg0.25(Ni0.8Co0.2)3.5合金表现出较好的储氢性能,最大电化学放电容量为359 mAh/g,合金电极在100次循环后容量保持率为90.3%,气态储氢容量达到1.65%（质量分数,下同）。     

Effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of low-Co hydrogen storage alloys containing Cu and Fe

The effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of low-Co LaNi3.55Mno.35Co0.20Al0.20Cuo.75Fe0.10 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that annealing treatment remarkably reduced the lattice strain and defects,and increased the unit-cell volume.The optical microscope analysis showed that the as-cast alloy had a crass dendrite microstructure with noticeable composition segregation,which gradually disappeared with increasing annealing temperature,and the microstructure changed to an equiaxed structure after annealing the alloy at 1233 K.The electrochemical tests indicated that the annealed alloys demonstrated much better cycling stability compared with the as-cast one.The capacity retention at the 100th cycle increased from 90.0％(as-cast) to 94.7％ (1273 K).The annealing treatment also improved the discharge capacity.However,the high rate dischargeability (HRD)value of the annealed alloy slightly dropped,which was believed to be ascribed to the decreased exchange current density and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in alloy bulk.     

复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的退火研究进展

退火处理对复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的组织和电化学行为影响较大,介绍了近年来La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金退火后,合金中Mg含量、微观结构、压力-组成-温度(PCT)特性曲线以及电化学行为的研究状况.分析了复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的发展应用仍需解决的问题,旨在为提高贮氢合金的电化学性能提供思路和依据.     

Effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of low-Co hydrogen storage alloys containing Cu and Fe

The effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of low-Co LaNi_3.55Mn_0.35Co_0.20Al_0.20Cu_0.75Fe_0.10 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that annealing treatment remarkably reduced the lattice strain and defects, and increased the unit-cell volume. The optical microscope analysis showed that the as-cast alloy had a crass dendrite microstructure with noticeable composition segregation, which gradually disappeared with increasing annealing temperature, and the microstructure changed to an equiaxed structure after annealing the alloy at 1233 K. The electrochemical tests indicated that the annealed alloys demonstrated much better cycling stability compared with the as-cast one. The capacity retention at the 100th cycle increased from 90.0% (as-cast) to 94.7% (1273 K). The annealing treatment also improved the discharge capacity. However, the high rate dischargeability (HRD) value of the annealed alloy slightly dropped, which was believed to be ascribed to the decreased exchange current density and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in alloy bulk.     

退火处理对La1．5Mg0．5Ni7．0贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了退火温度对A287型La1.5Mg0.5Ni7.0合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铸态合金由LaNi，相、LaMgNi4相、（La，Mg）Ni3相以及Gd2Co7型相组成，退火处理后，合金由Gd2Co7型相、Ce2Ni7型相和PuNi3型（La，Mg）Ni3相组成：随着退火温度升高，PuNi3型相的丰度减小，ce2Ni7型相的丰度增加，（La，Mg）Ni3相的a轴参数、c轴参数和晶胞体积均增大；经1073K保温24h退火后，合金电极具有最高的放电容量（391．2mAh／g），退火温度升高，合金的最大放电容量略有降低：合金电极的循环稳定性随着退火温度的升高不断提高，在1173K时合金电极经150次循环后其电极容量保持率C150／Cmax=82％；合金的高倍率放电性能（HRD）随退火温度升高略有增加，在1173K时，合金电极的HRD最好（HRD900=89．0％）；交换电流密度I0、极限电流密度I1及氢扩散系数D随着退火温度的升高而增大。     

Influence of annealing temperature on electrochemical properties of rapidly quenched LPC （NiAlMn） 4.25 Co0. 75 hydrogen storage alloy electrodes

The influence of annealing temperature on the electrochemical properties and structure of the rapidly quenched LPC(NiAIMn)4.25 Co0.75 hydrogen storage alloys was investigated, in which LPC represents the abbreviation of Nd-free La-Ce-Pr mischmetal after the extraction of most of Ce and Nd. After the annealing treatment between 700-900℃ for rapidly quenched alloys, their discharge capacity becomes larger and the P-C-T plateau tends to be flatter and lower. The alloy annealed at 700 *C has the highest discharge capacity and flattest plateau. The analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), different thermal analysis(DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the microstructure reversion and recrystallization occur during the heating, and their feature temperatures are 477℃ and 696℃ respectively. The annealing treatments make cell volume increase, dislocations and strain decrease, and the distribution of alloy composition become homogeneous.     

An aluminum alloy for generation of hydrogen from water

An optimized method of hydrogen production using an aluminum alloy with a small addition of Ga, In, and Sn is described. The alloy (95% Al and 5% Ga, In, and Sn) exhibits high chemical activity while reacting with water; the reaction results in the generation of free hydrogen. The microstructure and phase composition of the alloy are studied. It was found that a slight deviation of the content of Ga, In, and Sn from the proportion 3: 1: 1 does not exert a decisive influence on the chemical activity of the alloy. The technology of the alloy preparation is much more important. The annealing repeated twice leads to the formation of a fine porous structure with a substantially developed surface area. This results in the extremely high efficiency of the hydrogen yield.