强磁场对Cu-90%Pb合金凝固中比重偏析的影响

研究了强磁场对Cu-90％Pb合金中比重偏析的影响规律。结果表明：10T磁场下，当冷却速度达到100℃／min以上时，Cu-90％Pb合金中的重力偏析得到完全抑制；随着磁感应强度的增加，磁场对比重偏析的抑制作用增强。在30℃／min冷却速度下，12T磁场使该种合金凝固中的50微米直径颗粒上浮速度下降90％以上。理论分析表明：强磁场增加金属熔体粘度，降低自然对流，诱生洛伦兹力阻力来抑制颗粒上浮和聚合。     

快速凝固Al-Pb合金的显微组织

采用单辊旋铸法分别制备了Al-5%Pb, Al-8%Pb和Al-15%Pb三种合金条带, 并利用TEM分析其显微组织. 结果表明 在快速凝固下, Al-Pb合金中的第二相(f.c.c. Pb)在基体中分布均匀, Pb颗粒尺寸随Pb含量增加而增加, 随冷却速度的增大而减小, Pb颗粒的尺寸呈双峰或三峰分布特征. 此外, 还分析了快速凝固下偏晶合金的凝固过程, 对上述现象进行了解释.     

自由落体条件下三元Ni-Pb-Cu偏晶合金的快速凝固

在自由落体条件下研究三元Ni62Pb30Cu8偏晶合金的相分离与快速凝固.XRD分析结果表明;凝固组织由固溶体(Ni)和(Pb)两相构成;随液滴直径减小,三元Ni62Pb30Cu8偏晶合金从壳核组织演变为(Pb)相颗粒分布在 (Ni)枝晶间的组织;在形成的壳核组织中,表面张力较小的(Pb)相始终占据最外层,有利于降低表面相和体系总吉布斯自由能.能谱测定发现,在固溶体(Ni)和(Pb)相中,溶质截留效应十分显著.采用传热模型计算了不同直径液滴的冷却速率与过冷度,二者均随液滴直径的增大而减小.理论分析了合金液滴的内部温度梯度与第二相L(Pb)液滴的Maragoni迁移,发现第二相L(Pb)液滴充分实现二次相分离.在自由落体条件下,合金液滴的最终凝固组织由冷却速率、表面偏析、Marangoni迁移和(Ni)枝晶生长共同决定.     

急冷条件下Ni-Pb偏晶合金的相分离研究

采用单辊法实现了Ni-Pb偏晶合金的快速凝固,分别制备出直径40～400μm的合金粒子和宽约4mm、厚30～50μm的合金条带.在急冷快速凝固条件下,Ni-8%Pb亚偏晶合金由Ni和富Pb相组成.Ni以枝晶方式生长,富Pb相分布于枝晶间隙.随着冷却速率的增大,凝固组织显著细化,晶体形态经历由粗大枝晶向细小等轴晶的转变.在快速凝固过程中,Ni-60%Pb过偏晶合金的液相分离在很大程度上被抑制,合金粒子和条带均可获得均匀弥散的快速凝固组织.在冷却速率相近的条件下,合金粒子和条带的凝固组织与晶粒尺寸具有相似相近性,冷却速率是决定合金凝固组织的本征物理参量.     

冷却速度及搅拌对Al-B合金凝固组织演变的影响

通过将Al-5B和Al-7B(质量分数)合金熔体浇入不同的模具进行冷却,研究了凝固过程中冷却速度对合金组织演变的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速度增加,Al-B合金中硼化物颗粒的尺寸逐渐减小,尺寸分布范围逐渐变窄,硼化物颗粒分布更加弥散;相同冷却速度条件下,Al-5B合金中硼化物颗粒存在明显的偏聚现象,而Al-7B合金中硼化物颗粒偏聚现象较轻。还研究了搅拌对Al-B合金组织演变的影响,结果表明,在合金熔体凝固前对其进行搅拌可阻止硼化物颗粒之间的凝并,抑制粗大硼化物颗粒的形成。     

冷却速度对CuCr25合金凝固过程的影响

研究了不同冷却速度下CuCr25合金的微观组织和凝固过程。随着冷却速度的增加，CuCr25合金的微观组织将变得越来越细。当冷却速度达到10^7K／s时，可获得纳米结构的微观组织。当冷却速度〈10^3K／s时，CuCr25合金的凝固过程为普通凝固过程：如果冷却速度〉10^4K／s，其凝固过程为液相分解凝固过程。在快速凝固过程中，CuCr25合金中没有新相形成。但是，Cu在富Cr相中和Cr在富Cu相中的溶解度有所增加。     

高含Pb量Cu—Pb过偏晶合金的快速凝固研究

采用急冷快速凝固实验装置研究Cu-75%Pb和Cu-86%Pb过偏晶合金的快速凝固过程及其组织特征,探索冷却速率和固液相共存温度区间宽度与合金相分离之间的相关规律.在急冷快速凝固条件下,大的冷却速率使合金凝固时间大幅度缩短,过冷L2液相粘度增大,Stokes运动被消弱,液相分离在很大程度上受到抑制,实验条件下,宽的固液共存区间对合金的相分离并不产生显著影响.高含Pb量Cu-Pb过偏晶合金均可获得均匀弥散的微观组织.随着冷却速率的增大,凝固组织显著细化,均匀性明显提高.     

磁场对Cu-Pb-La过偏晶合金液-液分离的作用

本实验在Cu-80%Pb过偏晶合金凝固过程中添加稀土元素La,研究不同冷却速度下稀土元素在过偏晶合金凝固制备中的作用,并研究施加磁场对Cu-Pb过偏晶合金液-液分离区凝固组织的影响,探讨了磁场下第二相的迁移和分布规律,为均质偏晶合金制备技术的改进提供参考。结果表明,添加La元素可显著降低Cu-80%Pb凝固组织中的宏观偏析,促进第二相颗粒的均匀分布和细化。较快的冷却速度下添加La元素的作用更加明显,偏析程度显著降低,在此冷速下进一步施加1 T水平方向磁场,Cu-Pb-La合金凝固过程中宏观偏析得到了抑制,富Cu相颗粒弥散,组织分布均匀。     

过冷Ni-31．44％Pb偏晶合金凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法研究Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金宽过冷区间凝固组织演化规律;结果表明,过冷偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段首先形成枝晶α骨架,再辉重熔后分布于枝晶间的残余液相按照平衡凝固模式进行后续反应;在0～286K过冷范围内,当ΔΤ＜50K时,合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α+枝晶间Pb相;当70＜ΔT＜232K时,凝固组织为细密枝晶α+枝晶臂上细小的Pb颗粒+枝晶间Pb相;当ΔT＞242K时,凝固组织为过冷粒状晶+均匀细小的Pb颗粒+少量尺寸较大的枝晶间Pb颗粒,过冷粒状晶的粒化机制属于枝晶碎断-再结晶机制.     

非平衡凝固条件下Zn-5Al合金的组织形成

对Zn-5Al合金采用液淬凝固和定量金相统计试验,考察了合金在非平衡冷却凝固过程中组织的形成和转变。研究表明:合金在非平衡凝固下析出初生富铝相α,它随着冷却速度的提高是逐渐减少的;初生相逐渐从胞状向树枝状转变。Zn-5Al合金在非平衡凝固条件下因析出初生相而获得亚共晶组织,冷速较大时共晶组织皆无明显的共晶核心,并且共晶层片组织逐渐变细,有的甚至无法看到,只有在共晶团搭界处才可看出明显的层片,共晶团内部的共晶层片基本呈无序状态。通过对本试验结果探讨,定性得到了锌铝合金共晶共生区相图,为以后研究Zn-5Al合金在非平衡凝固条件下凝固结晶提供了一些参考。     

冷却速度和铅含量对新型Al-Pb铸造轴承合金显微组织的影响

采用一种新的铸造技术将较多的铅混合到铝合金中,然后用普通的浇铸方法制备铸造铝铅合金。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、定量金相等技术研究了冷却速度、铅含量、重力作用等对铝铅合金显微组织的影响。结果表明：用该技术制备的铝铅合金中的铅颗粒呈团絮状均匀分布于基体内,铅颗粒的尺寸随铅含量的增加而增加,随冷却速度的增加而减小。     

搅拌作用下半固态AZ91D合金组织的数学描述

分析了搅拌速度和二次冷却速度对半固态AZ91D合金组织平均尺寸和形状因子的影响,将搅拌速度与二次冷却速度作为凝固组织演变的主要因素。分析发现,增加搅拌速度对细化初生相颗粒、提高颗粒圆整度是有利的;而提高冷却速度虽有利于细化晶粒,但不利于提高颗粒圆整度。应用多元非线性回归方法描述凝固组织随搅拌速度与二次凝固速率的关系建立了相关的本构方程,为获取理想凝固组织提供理论参考。     

Preparation of large size aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms by multi-layer spray deposition

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On-Line Measurement of Plasma-Sprayed Ni-Particles during Impact on a Ti-Surface: Influence of Surface Oxidation

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of plasma-sprayed Ni5%Al particles on polished and grit-blasted Ti6Al4V samples under oxidized and nonoxidized conditions. For this purpose, measurements of thermal radiation and velocity of individual plasma-sprayed particles were carried out. From the thermal radiation at impact, splat diameter during flattening and temperature evolution during cooling were evaluated. Characteristic parameters related to the quality of contact between the splat and the substrate were retrieved. The flattening speed was introduced to characterize wetting, while the cooling rate was used to characterize solidification. The idea was to get a signature of particle impact for a given surface roughness and oxidation state by identifying parameters which strongly affect the splat behavior. Sieved Ni5%Al powder in a narrow range (+65 −75 μm) was sprayed on four sets of titanium alloy surfaces, consisting of polished and grit-blasted samples, one set had a nonoxidized surface and the other one was oxidized in an oven at 600 °C for two hours. Resulting splats after impact were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the splats on oxidized surface showed pores in their core and detached fingers at the periphery. The cooling rate and flattening degree significantly increased on the oxidized smooth surface compared to the nonoxidized one. This trend was not found in grit-blasted surfaces, which implies that impact phenomena are different on grit-blasted surfaces than on smooth surfaces thus further work is needed.     

Solid atomization technology and process of molten metal and alloy

A novel solid atomization technology,which using high velocity gas jet-stream rich in solid salt particles as atomization medium,was developed.The results show that using this novel atomization process can produce various metal and alloy powders with finer paricle size,finer microstructures and higher cooling rate than those powders produced by the conventional gas atomization technology.     

新型雾化喷嘴的试制研究

针对喷射成形的雾化喷嘴,在喷射小孔中引入Laval结构,同时采用双向进气设计。选用Al-Si合金和Finemet合金成分样品,进行新喷嘴应用试验。对比传统直管喷嘴,新型雾化喷嘴获得了更大的气体喷射速度,提高了喷射成形的G/M比。此外,双向进气结构获得了较为理想的气压分布,其雾化效果得到改善,收集到的坯体在形貌、性能上有所突破,特别是Finemet成分合金出现了非晶相。     

Mathematical Modeling of Particle Segregation During Centrifugal Casting of Metal Matrix Composites

When a metal matrix composite undergoes centrifugal casting, the velocity, deceleration, displacement, and segregation of its particles are modeled according to changes in the centrifugal radius, as well as by variations in the molten metal viscosity as the temperature decreases during the cooling process. A cast aluminum alloy A356 reinforced by 10 V% of silicon carbide particles (SiC), with a median diameter of 12 μm, was used to conduct the experiments, and a mathematical modeling showed that the particles’ volume fraction on the outer casting face varied according to whether the viscosity of the liquid metal used was constant or variable. If variations in viscosity during the cooling process are taken into account, then the volume fraction of the particles for a given time of centrifugation changes on the outer casting face, while it increases if the viscosity was constant. Modeling the particle segregation with variable viscosity produces results that are closer to those obtained with experiments than is the case when a constant viscosity is used. In fact, the higher the initial pouring and mold temperatures, the higher the effect of the viscosity variation on particle segregation.     

Microstructure evolution of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy powder prepared by high pressure gas atomization

The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of Al_0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) powders was investigated. The spherical HEA powders (D₅₀≈78.65 μm) were prepared by high pressure gas atomization. The different cooling rates were achieved by adjusting the powder diameter. Based on the solidification model, the relationship between the cooling rate and the powder diameter was developed. The FCC phase gradually disappears as particle size decreases. Further analysis reveals that the phase structure gradually changes from FCC+BCC dual-phase to a single BCC phase with the increase of the cooling rate. The microstructure evolves from planar crystal to equiaxed grain with the cooling rate increasing from 3.19×10⁴ to 1.11×10⁶ K/s.     

KINETIC STUDY ON FORMATION OF BULK GLASS STATE Zr52.5Ni14.6Al10Cu17.9Ti5 ALLOY

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中等厚度铅合金铸件的超声波检测

对铅合金铸件声学特征参数测试发现,铅合金的纵波声速较低,衰减系数较大,为超声的强衰减材料。对不同孔径的平底孔试样检测结果表明,目前采用超声水浸和直接接触法,均可较好地检出10mm厚板材内的1mm人工缺陷。因此采用超声方法检测中等厚度的铅合金铸件是可行的,重点是选取恰当的检测方法,以实现最佳的检测灵敏度。